• DAY1SVR: Day 1 Convective Outlook

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 00:45:37 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 030045
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030044

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0644 PM CST Sun Jan 02 2022

    Valid 030100Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    FLORIDA PANHANDLE INTO PARTS OF THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few tornadoes and scattered damaging winds are possible across
    parts of the Southeast and Carolinas through tonight.

    ...01z Update...

    The main changes with the 01z update were to trim severe
    probabilities out of AL, the western FL Panhandle and portions of
    west-central GA where the surface front has passed. Elsewhere, the
    outlook remains unchanged. There is some uncertainty with regards to
    the northward extent of the severe threat across as abundant
    rainfall over the Carolinas has somewhat muted the progress of the northward-retreating warm front. Nevertheless, surface cyclogenesis
    is still forecast to increase through the night, with the low
    shifting northeast across GA into the Carolinas. Some potential will
    remain for locally damaging gusts and a few tornadoes in the
    vicinity of the surface low if adequate low-level destabilization
    can occur across east-central GA into SC/NC. Some recent increase in
    storm organization/intensity has been noted further south along the
    main convective line ahead of the cold front from southern GA into
    the eastern FL Panhandle, and a continued threat for a couple
    tornadoes and/or damaging wind gusts will persist with this activity
    into tonight as well. For more details on the short term severe
    threat from the eastern FL Panhandle into southern GA and adjacent
    parts of SC, see MCD 0022.

    ..Leitman.. 01/03/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 05:32:38 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 030532
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030530

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 PM CST Sun Jan 02 2022

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA THIS MORNING...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible in eastern North Carolina this
    morning, with a threat for damaging winds and a few tornadoes.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...

    A negatively-tilted mid/upper trough will lift east/northeast across
    the Carolinas and offshore from the Mid-Atlantic coast today. At the
    surface, a strong low is forecast to be located near the NC/SC
    border at 12z this morning, and will quickly develop east/northeast,
    moving offshore from the Outer Banks vicinity by around 16-17z.
    While much of eastern NC has been entrenched in rainfall the past
    several hours, southerly boundary-layer flow with a 40-55 kt
    low-level jet will allow for low to mid 60s F surface dewpoints to
    spread across a narrow portion of eastern NC. While instability will
    remain modest, and some boundary-layer inhibition may persist,
    strong vertical shear, with effective shear magnitudes greater than
    50 kt, will support some organized, fast-moving convection. Forecast
    hodographs across the region are rather impressive, with large,
    favorably curved presentation, supporting rotating cells amid 0-1 km
    SRH values greater than 250 m2/s2. Depending on the degree to which
    airmass recovery occurs over the next several hours, forecast
    soundings also indicate 0-3km MLCAPE values around 125-175 J/kg
    ahead of the eastward-advancing surface cold front. This further
    supports the notion that a few tornadoes and/or damaging wind gusts
    will be possible for a window of approximately 2-4 hours from 12-16z
    this morning.

    ..Leitman/Lyons.. 01/03/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 12:25:41 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 031225
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031224

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0624 AM CST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Valid 031300Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS MORNING
    ACROSS EASTERN NC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Damaging gusts and a couple of tornadoes will be possible this
    morning across eastern North Carolina.

    ...Eastern NC this morning...
    A 996 mb surface cyclone will move eastward along a consolidating
    baroclinic zone across eastern NC through mid-late morning, in
    advance of a deep midlevel shortwave trough now over SC. A residual rain-cooled boundary is in the process of moving inland of the NC
    coast, where mid-upper 60s dewpoints and temperatures in the low 70s
    F are spreading inland. This will result in sufficient near-surface destabilization to support supercells in an environment with strong
    deep-layer and low-level vertical shear. There will be a few hour
    window of opportunity through about 16z for a couple of tornadoes
    and damaging gusts across eastern NC, after which the surface
    cyclone and trailing cold front will move offshore.

    Otherwise, isolated lightning flashes will be possible near the
    Pacific Northwest coast as a cold midlevel trough and associated
    steep low-midlevel lapse rates and weak buoyancy spread inland
    today.

    ..Thompson/Kerr.. 01/03/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 15:57:42 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 031557
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031556

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0956 AM CST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Valid 031630Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...Pacific Northwest...
    A series of mid-level impulses to the south of a highly amplified
    closed low over the northeast Pacific, west of British Columbia,
    will shift inland through the period. Steep low to mid-level lapse
    rates and persistent onshore flow should support potential for very
    isolated thunderstorms, mainly along the WA and northwest OR coast.
    One of the aforementioned impulses might yield sufficient ascent for
    convection capable of producing a couple lightning flashes into a
    portion of the Snake River Valley this evening. Overall thunderstorm probabilities appear to be around 10 percent.

    ..Grams.. 01/03/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 19:50:42 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 031950
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031949

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 PM CST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Valid 032000Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    No changes to the previous outlook. Visible satellite and radar
    shows open cell convection over the Pacific and moving toward the
    OR/WA coast. Despite 250 to 300 J/kg MLCAPE over the water, the
    cells have not produced lightning thus far. This is likely due to
    the low equilibrium level shown by HRRR forecast soundings over the
    water. However, the risk does remain for at least some of these
    cells to produce lightning this evening and into the overnight
    hours.

    ..Bentley.. 01/03/2022

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 0956 AM CST Mon Jan 03 2022/

    ...Pacific Northwest...
    A series of mid-level impulses to the south of a highly amplified
    closed low over the northeast Pacific, west of British Columbia,
    will shift inland through the period. Steep low to mid-level lapse
    rates and persistent onshore flow should support potential for very
    isolated thunderstorms, mainly along the WA and northwest OR coast.
    One of the aforementioned impulses might yield sufficient ascent for
    convection capable of producing a couple lightning flashes into a
    portion of the Snake River Valley this evening. Overall thunderstorm probabilities appear to be around 10 percent.

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 4 00:49:12 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 040049
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040047

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0647 PM CST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Valid 040100Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...01z Update...

    Only minor adjustments have been made to the 10% general
    thunderstorm delineation across parts of the coastal Pacific
    Northwest based on latest guidance. Otherwise, severe thunderstorms
    are not expected across the CONUS the remainder of tonight.

    ..Leitman.. 01/04/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 4 05:31:44 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 040531
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040530

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 PM CST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected in portions of the Pacific
    Northwest today.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad upper trough will overspread much of the CONUS today, with a
    strong northwesterly upper-level jet extending from the Pacific
    Northwest to the central Plains. A weak shortwave impulse will move
    onshore the WA/OR coast during the afternoon/evening in tandem with
    a surface low. Steep lapse rates through around 650 mb and cold
    temperatures beneath low equilibrium levels could support a few
    lightning flashes. Thunderstorms are not expected across the rest of
    the CONUS today/tonight.

    ..Leitman/Lyons.. 01/04/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 4 12:12:17 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 041212
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041210

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0610 AM CST Tue Jan 04 2022

    Valid 041300Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible today across western
    Washington.

    ...Synopsis...
    Cold midlevel temperatures and associated steep low-midlevel lapse
    rates will persist near the WA coast today, with an associated
    threat for isolated lightning flashes mainly this morning into early
    afternoon. Thereafter, warming profiles aloft with rising heights,
    and resultant lowering of equilibrium levels, will reduce the
    potential for convection deep enough to produce lightning.
    Otherwise, a cold and/or dry continental air mass will preclude
    thunderstorms across the majority of the CONUS. The only potential
    exceptions will be across the FL Straits and just off the Carolinas,
    but any deep convection/lightning flashes should remain sparse and
    confined to offshore waters.

    ..Thompson/Kerr.. 01/04/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 4 16:01:48 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 041601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1000 AM CST Tue Jan 04 2022

    Valid 041630Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Coastal WA...
    Warming profiles aloft amid rising mid-level heights and resultant
    lowering of equilibrium levels, in addition to marginal
    boundary-layer moisture, will reduce the potential for low-topped
    convection deep enough to produce lightning.

    ..Grams.. 01/04/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 4 19:29:46 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 041929
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041928

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 PM CST Tue Jan 04 2022

    Valid 042000Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    No changes needed to the ongoing forecast. A few flashes are still
    possible off the Washington coast for the next several hours, but
    coverage will be less than 10%. A flash or two is also possible off
    the NC coast early Wednesday morning, but coverage is expected to be
    less than 10% here as well.

    ..Mosier.. 01/04/2022

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1000 AM CST Tue Jan 04 2022/

    ...Coastal WA...
    Warming profiles aloft amid rising mid-level heights and resultant
    lowering of equilibrium levels, in addition to marginal
    boundary-layer moisture, will reduce the potential for low-topped
    convection deep enough to produce lightning.

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 5 00:51:20 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 050051
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050049

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0649 PM CST Tue Jan 04 2022

    Valid 050100Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...01z Update...

    Thunderstorms are not expected across the CONUS the remainder of
    tonight, and no changes are necessary to the ongoing outlook.

    ..Leitman.. 01/05/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 5 05:06:20 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 050506
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050504

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1104 PM CST Tue Jan 04 2022

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may occur over far eastern North Carolina on
    Wednesday. Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the
    continental United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    In the mid-levels, broad cyclonic flow across much of the
    northeastern CONUS will amplify, as a 100 kt jet streak moving
    across the Ohio River Valley works to intensify a shortwave trough
    situated over the Great Lakes. At the surface, a sub-1000-mb cyclone
    over the Great Lakes should intensify further through the day as it
    transits eastward into southern Quebec. Subtle confluence ahead of a
    cold front associated with the strong area of low pressure will
    belatedly draw moisture inland across much of the Eastern Seaboard,
    supporting a few thunderstorms across the Outer Banks and coastal
    vicinity.

    00z RAOBS and surface observations across much of the East Coast
    show dry surface conditions in the wake of a prior frontal passage.
    With limited surface moisture available, thunderstorm chances will
    be confined to coastal portions of NC closest to deeper moisture
    return over the western Atlantic. Model projections and linear
    extrapolation of current buoy observations do show upper 50s to low
    60s F dewpoints will be possible near and inshore of Cape Hatteras
    by 12z. Aided by surface confluence ahead of the front, and weak
    mid-level height falls from the intensifying trough to the
    northwest, a few thunderstorms may develop before quickly moving
    offshore. In spite of meager CAPE profiles with westward extent,
    model soundings do show moderate wind fields with effective shear of
    40-50 kts owing to the strong flow aloft. While unlikely given the
    limited buoyancy, a low chance for a strong wind gust may accompany
    any robust convection that can become established before moving
    offshore. Given the high uncertainty and limited potential for
    strong/organized convection, severe probabilities will likely remain
    below 5%.

    A few peripheral lightning strikes may also occur across southern
    portions of the Florida Peninsula and in the vicinity of Cape Cod.
    However, these areas appear to be well below the 10% general thunder
    threshold, given only subtle synoptic ascent and limited surface moisture/buoyancy respectively.

    ..Lyons/Lietman.. 01/05/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 5 12:27:55 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 051227
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051226

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0626 AM CST Wed Jan 05 2022

    Valid 051300Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated lightning flashes will be possible, mainly this
    afternoon/evening along the southeast Florida coast, the Outer Banks
    of North Carolina, and extreme southeast New England.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large-scale trough will persist over the central/eastern CONUS as
    embedded shortwave troughs dig southeastward from the northern
    Rockies toward KS/OK, and eject east-northeastward from the lower
    Great Lakes/upper OH Valley across New England. A reinforcing surge
    of cold air is expected across the central/southern Plains by
    tonight, while a developing baroclinic zone will move
    eastward/offshore of the Mid Atlantic/New England coasts to the
    south of a surface cyclone moving along the Saint Lawrence Valley.
    Air mass modification from the southeast FL coast to the Outer Banks
    and extreme southeast New England may result in sufficient
    destabilization and buoyancy depth for isolated lightning flashes
    with embedded convective elements this afternoon into this evening.

    Otherwise, a modifying air mass will return northward from the
    western Gulf of Mexico toward LA. However, sufficient
    destabilization and forcing for ascent for thunderstorms is not
    expected prior to the end of this forecast period.

    ..Thompson/Kerr.. 01/05/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 5 16:24:55 2022
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    ACUS01 KWNS 051624
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051623

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1023 AM CST Wed Jan 05 2022

    Valid 051630Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible mainly this
    afternoon/evening along the Outer Banks of North Carolina and far
    southeast Massachusetts.

    ...Outer Banks of NC...
    Within the warm conveyor along a baroclinic zone that will shift
    offshore this evening, showers might sufficiently deepen into a
    couple thunderstorms during the late afternoon to early evening.
    Greater thunderstorm potential will be largely relegated off the
    coast.

    ...Far southeast MA...
    While buoyancy will be scant and likely elevated above a
    near-surface inversion, strengthening large-scale ascent downstream
    of a potent Great Lakes shortwave trough may prove adequate for a
    thunderstorm or two to occur in the Martha's Vineyard vicinity
    before convection shifts entirely offshore.

    ...Lower MS Valley...
    A modifying air mass will return northward from the western Gulf
    with elevated showers overnight. However, elevated instability is
    expected to remain insufficient for lightning production prior to
    12Z.

    ..Grams/Squitieri.. 01/05/2022

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 5 19:57:23 2022
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS01 KWNS 051957
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 PM CST Wed Jan 05 2022

    Valid 052000Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible mainly this
    afternoon/evening along the Outer Banks of North Carolina and far
    southeast Massachusetts.

    ...20Z Update...
    No changes needed to the previous outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 01/05/2022

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1023 AM CST Wed Jan 05 2022/

    ...Outer Banks of NC...
    Within the warm conveyor along a baroclinic zone that will shift
    offshore this evening, showers might sufficiently deepen into a
    couple thunderstorms during the late afternoon to early evening.
    Greater thunderstorm potential will be largely relegated off the
    coast.

    ...Far southeast MA...
    While buoyancy will be scant and likely elevated above a
    near-surface inversion, strengthening large-scale ascent downstream
    of a potent Great Lakes shortwave trough may prove adequate for a
    thunderstorm or two to occur in the Martha's Vineyard vicinity
    before convection shifts entirely offshore.

    ...Lower MS Valley...
    A modifying air mass will return northward from the western Gulf
    with elevated showers overnight. However, elevated instability is
    expected to remain insufficient for lightning production prior to
    12Z.

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 14 19:56:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Fri Aug 14 2026

    Valid 142000Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms remain possible this afternoon and evening
    across parts of the middle Missouri and middle Mississippi Valleys.
    Isolated severe wind gusts may also still occur in parts of the
    central Plains and from the Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic, as well
    as parts of the Northeast and Southwest.

    ...20Z Update...
    The previous forecast (see below) remains on track, with only minor
    changes made to thunder and severe probabilities to reflect
    observations and the latest guidance consensus.

    ..Squitieri.. 08/14/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1143 AM CDT Fri Aug 14 2026/

    ...Mid Missouri and mid Mississippi Valleys...
    Thunderstorms have largely weakened through the early morning across
    the middle Missouri Valley, with more of a lingering persistence
    across Illinois/Indiana. Scattered showers remain rather common,
    however, regionally with semi-prevalent cloud cover. Multiple MCVs
    persist regionally at midday, including across central Iowa, and
    more prominently near the Nebraska/Iowa border. Regional WSR-88D
    data from Omaha/Des Moines/Davenport continue to sample enhanced
    westerlies (35-50 kt) between 4-8 km AGL in association with these
    MCVs.

    Primary severe risk across this region today will be linked to the
    amount of air mass recovery and associated destabilization that
    occurs along the southern periphery of the residual convection and
    ahead of the aforementioned slow-moving MCVs. Ample low-level
    moisture is in place, and differential heating between the residual
    cloud debris may yield an effective warm-front-like zone across
    southern Iowa or near the Iowa/Missouri border. The airmass along
    and south of this is forecast to destabilize and become moderately
    to strongly unstable by the late afternoon. This should result in
    renewed thunderstorm development by late afternoon into evening,
    with sufficient deep-layer shear to support organized updrafts and
    potentially some initial supercells. Modestly enhanced low-level
    winds/SRH could yield a tornado risk. Strong wind gusts will
    otherwise be possible with water-loaded downdrafts, as well as with
    any bowing segments through this evening.

    ...Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians/Mid-Atlantic...
    Outflows/differential heating across the lower Ohio Valley will
    influenced thunderstorm redevelopment this afternoon, while storms
    are starting to develop/increase across the Appalachians vicinity.
    Vertical shear will generally be weak, but strong updrafts and ample
    moisture will yield the potential for wet microbursts regionally.

    ...Central High Plains...
    A shortwave trough currently moving through the Lower Colorado River
    Valley is forecast to continue northeastward through the Four
    Corners. Ascent associated with this wave will combine with
    orographic lift in the foothills of the Rockies to support scattered
    convective initiation by early afternoon. Thunderstorms will then
    move northeastward into the moderately buoyant airmass over the
    central High Plains. Deep-layer shear will be modest but sufficient
    for a few organized updrafts capable of hail and damaging gusts.

    ...Northeast States...
    Influenced by strong northwesterly flow aloft, a few stronger to
    locally severe relatively low-topped storms may occur this afternoon
    across northern/upstate New York into southern New England, with
    strong/gusty winds as the primary hazard as convection progresses southeastward.

    ...Lower Colorado River ...
    With a moist air mass across the region, strong heating will support
    afternoon airmass destabilization, yielding moderate buoyancy this
    afternoon. Slightly stronger mid-level flow is anticipated over the
    southern Nevada vicinity, supporting the potential for isolated
    strong wind gusts.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 15 01:02:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Fri Aug 14 2026

    Valid 150100Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...MID-ATLANTIC
    AND INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible this evening into the overnight across parts of the mid
    Missouri and mid Mississippi Valleys. Isolated severe gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the Mid-Atlantic, central Plains
    and Intermountain West.

    ...Mid Missouri and Mid Mississippi Valleys...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a broad anticyclonic flow
    pattern in place from the Great Plains to the Appalachians. An
    embedded mid-level shortwave trough appears to be located from
    south-central Iowa into far northwest Missouri. Ahead of this
    feature, surface dewpoints across far southern Iowa and northern
    Missouri are in the upper 70s F. The RAP currently has an
    east-to-west corridor of strong instability in north-central
    Missouri, where MLCAPE is estimated to be in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg
    range. Along the instability gradient in northern Missouri,
    low-level flow will increase this evening, fueling the development
    of numerous thunderstorms. Some RAP forecast soundings near the
    instability gradient this evening have effective shear in the 25 to
    30 knot range with 850 to 500 mb lapse rates around 6.5 C/km. This
    should support a hail threat with the stronger elevated storms. An
    isolated potential for severe gusts may also develop if any of the
    cells can remain surface-based. The severe threat is expected to
    continue into the overnight period.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow is evident on water vapor imagery
    over the eastern U.S. At the surface, dewpoints are in the 70s F
    from the Mid-Atlantic southward into the Carolinas, where the RAP
    has MLCAPE in the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range. Scattered thunderstorms
    are ongoing along the northern edge of the stronger instability over
    eastern Virginia. Near this convection, the WSR-88D VWP at Wakefield
    has 0-6 km shear of 30 to 35 knots which could support a marginal
    severe threat for another hour or two this evening. Severe wind
    gusts and hail will be possible.

    ...Central Plains...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow is currently in place over much of the
    central U.S. At the surface, a quasi-stationary front is located
    from eastern Colorado into central Kansas. Surface dewpoints near
    the front are from the mid 60s to mid 70s F, and the RAP has MLCAPE
    in the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range. Along the western edge of the
    stronger instability, scattered thunderstorms are ongoing across
    eastern Colorado. RAP forecast soundings just ahead of the storms
    near the Colorado-Kansas state line this evening have 0-6 km shear
    around 40 knots with 700-500 mb lapse rates around 7 C/km. This will
    support a marginal severe threat. A few severe wind gusts and hail
    will be possible with the stronger cells.

    ...Intermountain West...
    Water vapor imagery currently shows southwesterly mid-level flow
    over the Intermountain West with a subtle shortwave trough moving
    into the region from the southwest. Ahead of this feature, an axis
    of moderate instability is located from northwestern Arizona into
    southeast Nevada, along which the RAP has MLCAPE in the 1000 to 1500
    J/kg range. Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing near the instability
    axis early this evening. RAP forecast soundings just downstream from
    the storms early this evening have 0-6 km shear around 30 knots
    along with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 7.5 C/km suggesting a
    potential for isolated severe wind gusts.

    ..Broyles.. 08/15/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 15 06:01:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY SOUTHEASTWARD INTO THE CAROLINAS...AND IN THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible from late afternoon into the evening across the central
    High Plains. Severe wind gusts will also be possible this afternoon
    into the early evening from parts of the Ohio Valley southeastward
    into the Carolinas.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys/Central
    Appalachians/Carolinas...
    At mid-levels today, a broad anticyclonic flow pattern will be in
    place over the eastern U.S. Within the flow, a shortwave trough will
    move eastward into the lower Ohio Valley. Ahead of this feature, a
    moist and unstable airmass will be located from the mid Mississippi
    Valley east-southeastward into the Ohio Valley and southern
    Appalachians. In the morning, a convective complex is forecast to
    move eastward into the southern Great Lakes, and will likely be
    associated with a potential for severe wind gusts. To the south of
    this complex, a quasi-stationary front and moist axis will be
    located from the lower Ohio Valley southeastward into the southern Appalachians, along which moderate instability will develop by
    afternoon. Low-level convergence near the front will be the focus
    for convective development. A new complex of surface-based
    thunderstorms appears likely to form near the front and move
    east-southeastward from western Ohio into the Virginias during the
    afternoon. Additional storms will develop along and near the
    instability axis over the western Carolinas due to topographical
    forcing.

    Model forecasts in the moist air suggest that MLCAPE will peak in
    the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range in most areas. Near the instability
    axis, precipitable water values in the 1.8 to 2 inch range and
    moderate deep-layer shear will likely support a threat for severe
    wet downbursts. This threat should persist into the early evening
    with any line segments that become sustained over the higher terrain
    of the southern and central Appalachians.

    ...Central Plains...
    West-southwesterly mid-level flow will be in place over the
    southwestern and central U.S. today. At the surface, a moist airmass
    will be located from the foothills of the Rockies eastward into the
    central Plains. By afternoon, moderate instability will develop over
    much of the region. Scattered thunderstorms will form in the higher
    terrain and move eastward into the lower elevations during the mid
    to late afternoon. Some RAP forecast soundings at 21Z from eastern
    Colorado northward into western Nebraska have 0-6 km shear near 35
    knots with steep low to mid-level lapse rates exceeding 7 C/km. This environment will support a mixed mode with supercells and multicell
    line segments possible. Supercells should be capable of isolated
    large hail, while severe wind gusts will be possible with supercells
    and organized multicells. The severe threat should persist into the
    early to mid evening as a complex of storms moves eastward through
    the central High Plains.

    ..Broyles/Lyons.. 08/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 15 12:51:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151251
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151249

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026

    Valid 151300Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AS WELL AS THE MIDDLE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible from late afternoon into the evening across the central
    High Plains. Severe wind gusts will also be possible this afternoon
    into the early evening across parts of the Ohio Valley.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Relatively moist southwesterly flow aloft coupled with strong
    daytime heating and lift both from orographic effects and a weak
    vorticity maximum will support another day of thunderstorms across
    the central Rockies. These thunderstorms should gradually move off
    the higher terrain into the central High Plains, where a moderately
    buoyant airmass will be in place. Around 30 to 35 kt of effective
    bulk shear is expected over the region as well, which is strong
    enough to support a mixed mode with supercells and multicell line
    segments. Isolated large hail is possible with any supercells, while
    severe wind gusts will be possible with both supercells and line
    segments. The severe threat should persist into the early to mid
    evening as this complex of storms moves eastward through the central
    High Plains.

    ...Central OH Valley...
    An expansive, slow-moving MCS, characterized by widespread showers
    and sub-severe thunderstorms, is centered over central IL this
    morning. This MCS has been supported overnight by a southwesterly
    low-level jet that extends from the southern High Plains into the
    Mid MS Valley. This low-level jet is forecast to wane throughout the
    morning, with a subsequent decrease in coverage and intensity of the
    showers and thunderstorms within the MCS. Even so, the vorticity
    maximum associated with this system will gradually drift eastward,
    likely supporting renewed thunderstorm development across the
    middle/upper OH Valley as it interacts with a diurnally
    destabilizing airmass. Lapse rates will be poor, but dewpoints in
    the 70s will still support moderate buoyancy, particularly in areas
    where cloud cover does not overly inhibit diurnal heating. This
    currently appears most likely from far southeast IN into southern OH
    and northern KY. Strong updrafts and high precipitable water will
    support the potential for wet microbursts capable of producing
    damaging gusts.

    ...Central Appalachians into the Carolinas and GA...
    A very moist airmass, characterized by dewpoints in the low to mid
    70s, is in place from the GA and Carolinas into the central
    Appalachians. Strong heating is forecast to destabilize this airmass
    by the early afternoon, resulting in a large reservoir of moderate
    buoyancy. Thunderstorm development is anticipated within this
    destabilized airmass across the higher terrain of the central
    Appalachians as well as any area of low-level convergence across the
    remainder of the region. Vertical shear will be weak, and limited
    storm organization is anticipated. Even so, the moderate buoyancy
    could still support updrafts/downdrafts strong enough to produce
    occasional damaging gusts.

    ...Central Plains/Mid MO Valley into the Mid MS Valley...
    Elevated thunderstorms are expected again this evening through
    tonight, initiated by both an approaching cold front and warm-air
    advection. Ample low-level moisture and moderate buoyancy will be in
    place, but vertical shear will be marginal. Isolated strong to
    severe storms are expected, but a predominantly elevated and
    clustered storm mode should limit the overall severe potential.

    ..Mosier/Dean.. 08/15/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 15 16:37:04 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151636
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151635

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1135 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026

    Valid 151630Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE FRONT RANGE/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND MIDDLE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail are
    possible from late afternoon into the evening across the central
    High Plains. Severe wind gusts may also occur this afternoon through
    early evening across parts of the Ohio Valley and Southeast.

    ...Front Range/Central High Plains...
    Modestly strong southwesterly flow aloft coupled with strong
    daytime heating, low-level upslope flow, and orographic lift will
    support another day of thunderstorms regionally. These thunderstorms
    should gradually move off the higher terrain into the central High
    Plains later this afternoon, where a moderately
    buoyant airmass will be in place. Around 30-35 kt of effective
    bulk shear is expected over the region, which will support a mixed
    mode with supercells and multicell line segments. Isolated large
    hail is possible with any supercells, while severe wind gusts will
    be possible with both supercells and line segments. The severe
    threat should persist into the evening as this complex of storms
    moves eastward through the central High Plains including
    west/southwest Kansas.

    ...Midwest/Middle Ohio Valley...
    Thunderstorms have generally weakened since the overnight, although
    scattered showers/some thunderstorms and plentiful cloud cover
    continue in areas progressively north of the Ohio River. An MCV is
    readily apparent in observational data as it continues to move into
    northwest Indiana, with an enhanced belt (40+ kt) of westerly winds
    associated with the MCV per regional WSR-88D VWP data.

    As clouds thin/abate, a gradual increase in renewed thunderstorm
    coverage and intensity is expected later this afternoon. Mid-level
    lapse rates will be poor, but dewpoints in the 70s F will support
    moderate buoyancy, particularly in areas where cloud cover does not
    overly inhibit diurnal heating, which will tend to generally be
    southward toward the Ohio River. Strong updrafts and high
    precipitable water will support the potential for wet microbursts
    capable of producing damaging gusts, and some enhancement to the
    low-level winds could also yield a brief tornado.

    ...Central Appalachians/Carolinas/Georgia...
    A very moist airmass, characterized by dewpoints in the low to mid
    70s, is in place regionally. Strong heating will destabilize the
    airmass by the early afternoon, resulting in a large reservoir of
    moderate buoyancy. Thunderstorm development is anticipated within
    this destabilized airmass across the higher terrain of the central
    Appalachians as well as any area of low-level convergence across the
    remainder of the region. Vertical shear will be weak, and limited
    storm organization is anticipated. Even so, the moderate buoyancy
    could still support updrafts/downdrafts strong enough to produce
    occasional damaging gusts.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley to Mid Mississippi Valley...
    Elevated thunderstorms are expected again tonight, initiated by both
    an approaching cold front and warm-air advection. Ample low-level
    moisture and moderate buoyancy will be in place, but vertical shear
    will be marginal. Isolated strong to severe storms are expected, but
    a predominantly elevated and clustered storm mode should limit the
    overall severe potential.

    ..Guyer/Chalmers.. 08/15/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 15 19:43:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151942
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151941

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026

    Valid 152000Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY AND PARTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail remain
    possible from late afternoon into the evening across the central
    High Plains. Severe wind gusts may also still occur this afternoon
    through early evening across parts of the Ohio Valley and Southeast.

    ...20Z Update...
    The previous forecast (see below) remains generally on track, with
    only minor changes made to the 20Z Day 1 Convective Outlook Update
    to reflect the latest observations and latest guidance consensus.
    There were considerations to add a Category 1/Marginal Risk for
    severe wind/hail over portions of the Pacific Northwest into the
    northern Rockies given appreciable cool temperatures aloft
    overspreading a heated boundary layer. Nonetheless, vertical wind
    shear should remain quite weak. Therefore, while a 50+ kt gust or
    instance of 1+ inch hail may occur with any of the stronger storms,
    the severe threat should be very sparse, precluding severe
    probabilities this outlook.

    ..Squitieri.. 08/15/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1135 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026/

    ...Front Range/Central High Plains...
    Modestly strong southwesterly flow aloft coupled with strong
    daytime heating, low-level upslope flow, and orographic lift will
    support another day of thunderstorms regionally. These thunderstorms
    should gradually move off the higher terrain into the central High
    Plains later this afternoon, where a moderately
    buoyant airmass will be in place. Around 30-35 kt of effective
    bulk shear is expected over the region, which will support a mixed
    mode with supercells and multicell line segments. Isolated large
    hail is possible with any supercells, while severe wind gusts will
    be possible with both supercells and line segments. The severe
    threat should persist into the evening as this complex of storms
    moves eastward through the central High Plains including
    west/southwest Kansas.

    ...Midwest/Middle Ohio Valley...
    Thunderstorms have generally weakened since the overnight, although
    scattered showers/some thunderstorms and plentiful cloud cover
    continue in areas progressively north of the Ohio River. An MCV is
    readily apparent in observational data as it continues to move into
    northwest Indiana, with an enhanced belt (40+ kt) of westerly winds
    associated with the MCV per regional WSR-88D VWP data.

    As clouds thin/abate, a gradual increase in renewed thunderstorm
    coverage and intensity is expected later this afternoon. Mid-level
    lapse rates will be poor, but dewpoints in the 70s F will support
    moderate buoyancy, particularly in areas where cloud cover does not
    overly inhibit diurnal heating, which will tend to generally be
    southward toward the Ohio River. Strong updrafts and high
    precipitable water will support the potential for wet microbursts
    capable of producing damaging gusts, and some enhancement to the
    low-level winds could also yield a brief tornado.

    ...Central Appalachians/Carolinas/Georgia...
    A very moist airmass, characterized by dewpoints in the low to mid
    70s, is in place regionally. Strong heating will destabilize the
    airmass by the early afternoon, resulting in a large reservoir of
    moderate buoyancy. Thunderstorm development is anticipated within
    this destabilized airmass across the higher terrain of the central
    Appalachians as well as any area of low-level convergence across the
    remainder of the region. Vertical shear will be weak, and limited
    storm organization is anticipated. Even so, the moderate buoyancy
    could still support updrafts/downdrafts strong enough to produce
    occasional damaging gusts.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley to Mid Mississippi Valley...
    Elevated thunderstorms are expected again tonight, initiated by both
    an approaching cold front and warm-air advection. Ample low-level
    moisture and moderate buoyancy will be in place, but vertical shear
    will be marginal. Isolated strong to severe storms are expected, but
    a predominantly elevated and clustered storm mode should limit the
    overall severe potential.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 16 00:53:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160052
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160051

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 PM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026

    Valid 160100Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this evening across parts of the central Plains. Isolated
    severe wind gusts may also occur this evening into tonight across
    parts of the lower Missouri and Ohio Valleys.

    ...Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is evident on water vapor imagery over
    eastern Colorado within west-southwesterly flow. Ahead of this
    feature, a moist airmass is present across the central Plains.
    Surface dewpoints in eastern Colorado and western Kansas are in the
    60s F, and the RAP has MLCAPE in the 1500 to 3000 J/kg range. Along
    the western edge of moderate instability, scattered thunderstorms
    are ongoing from western Nebraska southward into the Oklahoma
    Panhandle. In addition to moderate instability, RAP forecast
    soundings early this evening downstream from the storms near Dodge
    City and Hill City and have 0-6 km shear around 30 knots with 0-3 km
    lapse rates near 7.5 C/km. The steep low to mid-level lapse rates
    are evident on the Dodge City 00Z sounding. This environment should
    support an isolated severe threat for several more hours this
    evening as the storms move across the central Plains. Severe wind
    gusts and hail will be the primary threats...see MCD 1992. During
    the overnight period, a convective cluster or line segment is
    forecast to move east-northeastward across northern Kansas and
    southern Nebraska, potentially reaching far northwest Missouri late
    in the period. Isolated severe gusts will be possible with these
    storms.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is evident on water vapor imagery over
    the Ohio Valley within west-northwesterly flow. At the surface, a
    moist axis is located from central Illinois southeastward into
    eastern Kentucky, along which surface dewpoints are in the 70s F.
    Near the moist axis, the RAP has MLCAPE in the 2500 to 3500 J/kg
    range. To the east and northeast of the strongest instability,
    scattered thunderstorms are currently ongoing ahead of the shortwave
    trough in western Ohio and northern Kentucky. The Wilmington, Ohio
    00Z sounding has 0-6 km shear around 30 knots with a surface
    dewpoint in the mid 70s F, and precipitable water near 2.15 inches.
    This moist and unstable environment should support a potential for
    isolated severe wet downbursts with the stronger multicells early
    this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 08/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 16 05:58:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160557
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160556

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY...CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...MID-ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts will be possible from this
    afternoon into early evening over parts of the Ohio Valley and
    Mid-Atlantic. Large hail and isolated severe wind gusts will also be
    possible in parts of the central High Plains.

    ...Ohio Valley/Mid-Atlantic...
    A mid-level shortwave trough, embedded in west-northwesterly flow,
    will move through the Ohio Valley today. Ahead of the shortwave
    trough, a moist airmass will be in place from the Ohio Valley
    southeastward to the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Surface dewpoints along
    this west-northwest to east-southeast corridor will be in the 70s F,
    which will contribute to the development of moderate instability by
    midday. At the surface, a cold front will advance eastward into the
    Ohio Valley, as a pre-frontal trough moves into the central
    Appalachians. These two features will focus convective development
    during the day. A complex of storms appears likely to form over the
    higher terrain in West Virginia, and move east-southeastward into
    the lower elevations of Virginia and Maryland during the mid to late
    afternoon.

    RAP forecast soundings from West Virginia into the Virginia in the
    late afternoon have 0-6 km shear in the 25 to 30 knot range. Some
    directional shear is present in the low-levels and 0-3 km lapse
    rates are steep approaching 7 C/km. This environment will support a
    wind-damage threat with organized multicells. Isolated supercells
    with severe gusts will also be possible. The threat may continue
    into the early evening across parts of the Mid-Atlantic.

    Further west into parts of the lower Ohio Valley, a very moist
    airmass will also be in place. Surface dewpoints in the 70s F will
    contribute to the development of moderate instability. Scattered
    thunderstorms are expected to form along zones of low-level
    convergence during the afternoon. Although large-scale ascent will
    be weaker further west, the thermodynamic environment will be
    sufficient for isolated severe gusts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    At mid-levels, a ridge will move through the Intermountain West
    today as flow remains westerly over much of the central U.S. As
    surface temperatures warm, scattered thunderstorms will develop in
    the foothills of the central Rockies. These storms will move
    eastward into the lower elevations of eastern Colorado and western
    Nebraska. RAP forecast soundings across the central High Plains by
    late afternoon have moderate instability (MLCAPE around 2500 J/kg),
    0-6 km shear near 35 knots and 700 to 500 mb lapse rates in the 7 to
    7.5 C/km range. This should support a threat for large hail and
    isolated severe gusts with rotating storms and organized line
    segments. The threat will likely persist into the evening across
    parts of the central High Plains.

    ..Broyles/Lyons.. 08/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 16 12:44:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161244
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161242

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0742 AM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026

    Valid 161300Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY...CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...MID-ATLANTIC...AND CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with damaging wind gusts will be possible from this
    afternoon into early evening over parts of the Ohio Valley and
    Mid-Atlantic. Large hail and isolated severe wind gusts will also be
    possible in parts of the central High Plains.

    ...Lower MO Valley through the OH Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Satellite and regional radar imagery shows several vorticity maxima
    embedded within the moderate westerly flow aloft that extends from
    the central Plains across the OH Valley and into the Mid-Atlantic.
    The strongest vorticity maximum is currently moving through
    north-central KS and south-central NE, while more subtle maxima
    exist across western IL, southwestern Lower MI/far northern IN, and
    western PA. Each of these features will likely contribute to showers
    and thunderstorms later today. The most consequential of these
    storms will likely occur in tandem with the western IL and
    southwestern Lower MI waves as they interact with a moist and
    diurnally destabilized airmass from the middle OH Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic. Airmass destabilization appears likely by the early
    afternoon, with renewed thunderstorm development anticipated from
    southeast Lower MI into southern IN. Moderate vertical shear will be
    in place, supporting a predominantly multicellular mode. Mid-level
    winds may increase slightly throughout the afternoon, and a
    supercell or two is possible over southern OH. A trend towards
    clustering and the development of linear segments is anticipated
    over time, with damaging gusts as the primary risk throughout the
    day.

    These storms will continue eastward across WV into Mid-Atlantic
    during the late afternoon/early evening. Moderate buoyancy will
    support storm persistence and the potential for continued damaging
    gusts. Additional thunderstorm development is possible ahead of
    these clusters in areas of low-level convergence during the
    afternoon. Moderate vertical shear could support a few more
    organized storms, with water-loaded downbursts as the primary severe
    risk. A tornado or two is also possible, particularly across
    northern VA where southerly surface winds could result in adequate
    low-level hodograph curvature.

    Farther west (across the Lower MO Valley), the well-defined
    vorticity maximum currently over north-central KS/southern-central
    NE is forecast to be east of the region by the late afternoon, but
    airmass destabilization in its wake is uncertain. If the airmass can
    recover, additional thunderstorms are likely along a cold front
    moving into the region this evening. Strong buoyancy will support
    robust updrafts, but modest vertical shear will keep storm
    organization limited. If thunderstorms form, a few strong gusts are
    possible across this region this evening.

    ...Northern/Central High Plains...
    Scattered thunderstorm development in anticipated this afternoon
    across the northern and central High Plains. Thunderstorms over the
    northern High Plains will be supported by low-level convergence
    along the western edge of the moist airmass over the Plains.
    Moderate vertical shear could support a few supercells capable of
    hail and strong gusts, but modest buoyancy should keep the overall
    severe threat isolated.

    Thunderstorm development farther south across the central High
    Plains will result from a combination of moist low-level easterlies,
    westerly flow aloft and orographic effects. Here, more cellular
    development over the high terrain and immediate foothills could pose
    a risk for large hail before transitioning towards more linear
    structures with strong gusts as the primary severe risk.

    ..Mosier/Dean.. 08/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 13:16:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171256
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171254

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 AM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026

    Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...AND THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS INTO
    THE NORTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
    afternoon and evening across parts of the central and northern
    Plains. Damaging gusts will also be possible in parts of the
    southern Appalachians into the North Carolina Piedmont, Oklahoma and
    Arkansas.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Modest height falls are expected across the northern Plains as
    troughing over central Canada deepens. As it does, an associated
    surface low will shift eastward and an attendant cold front will
    push southward/southeastward across eastern MT, ND, and northwest
    MN. The airmass preceding this front will be moist and strongly
    unstable, with dewpoints likely in the upper 60s and MLCAPE over
    2500 J/kg. Several different areas of initial development appear
    possible, including along the front from eastern ND into
    northwestern MN, in the vicinity of the pre-frontal trough over the
    NE Panhandle vicinity, and south of the front across eastern MT.

    Development across eastern ND/northwestern MN and the NE Panhandle
    should progress southeastward into the corridor of greater buoyancy.
    Even so, weak ascent and relatively warm mid-levels could limit both
    overall storm coverage and updraft longevity. That being said,
    vertical shear will be strong enough to support updraft organization
    and supercell structures with any deep updrafts. Steep low-level
    lapse rates and high cloud bases suggest strong gusts are the
    primary severe risk, but some isolated large hail is also possible.
    Widely scattered nature of the storms casts doubt regarding upscale
    growth into a coherent MCS, but several separate bowing clusters
    appear probable.

    Thunderstorm coverage is expected to remain isolated from central
    into eastern MT as well, with modest ascent attendant to a shortwave
    trough progressing through the northern periphery of the western
    CONUS ridging acting as the primary impetus for initiation.
    Predominantly outflow-dominant storm structures are anticipated,
    with strong gusts as the primary severe risk through the evening.
    Convective evolution is uncertain, but these storms could continue
    eastward through SD and NE overnight, reintensifying as they
    interact with the stronger buoyancy expected to be in place. In
    addition to strong gusts, large hail would be possible with these
    storms if reintensification occurs.

    ...Central/Southern Appalachians into the Piedmont...
    Early-morning satellite and regional radar imagery show a decaying
    MCS progressing across central KY, well ahead of weak cold front
    that extends from far northwest OH southwestward through far
    southeast MO and northern AR. This MCS is forecast to continue
    eastward throughout the day, moving through the central Appalachians
    and eventually central VA. The airmass over this region is very
    moist, with recent surface analysis sampling upper 60s dewpoints
    over the higher terrain and low to mid 70s farther east from central
    VA into the Carolina Piedmont.

    General expectation is for renewed thunderstorm development along
    the southern flank of the MCS, likely from far southeast KY into
    Middle TN. Some reintensification is also possible farther north
    over WV and downstream in northern/central VA, but buoyancy will be
    lower than farther south, suggesting predominantly muted/transient
    updrafts. Currently, the highest storm coverage appears most likely
    across far western WV, eastern TN, and western NC. Vertical shear
    will be weak, but moderate/strong buoyancy and steep low-level lapse
    rates will still support the potential for damaging gusts. These
    strong outflows could promote the development of several
    forward-propagating line segments, where updrafts/downdrafts along
    the outflows could result in additional damaging gusts.

    ...Oklahoma/Arkansas...
    An MCS continues to progress eastward into northeast OK this
    morning, with a well-defined MCV noted in radar imagery back across
    far northwest OK. An associated outflow boundary currently arcs from
    the leading edge of the MCS in Osage County back southwestward
    through southwest OK. This MCS is forecast to weaken as it
    progresses eastward this morning, with weakening outflow also moving southeastward. A composite outflow/cold front will likely extend
    from southern OK into central AR this afternoon. Low-level
    convergence near this boundary will likely result in widely
    scattered thunderstorms by the late afternoon. Vertical shear will
    be weak, limiting storm organization. However, moderate instability,
    high cloud bases, and steep low-level lapse rates will still support
    the potential for isolated severe downbursts.

    ..Mosier/Dean.. 08/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 13:41:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 162002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 162000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026

    Valid 162000Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN THE FRONT
    RANGE AND PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...AND PORTIONS
    OF THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with damaging wind gusts will be possible this
    afternoon and early evening over parts of the Ohio Valley and
    Mid-Atlantic. Large hail and isolated severe wind gusts will also be
    possible across the Front Range and central/northern High Plains.

    ...20Z Update...
    Ongoing convection within the Upper Ohio Valley vicinity continues
    eastward this afternoon. Behind this convection, buoyancy has been
    reduced. Wind probabilities have also been reduced, though isolated
    strong to marginally severe storms are possible where some airmass
    recovery has occurred. Elsewhere, the forecast remains on track with
    only minor changes to the general thunderstorm forecast.

    ..Wendt.. 08/16/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1144 AM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026/

    ...Upper Ohio Valley to Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas...
    An MCV persists at midday across far southeast Michigan and northern
    Ohio, with some recent uptick in convection ahead of it across
    northern Ohio. Reference Mesoscale Discussion 1195 for short-term
    details regarding a further increase in severe potential through early/mid-afternoon within this regional corridor.

    While storms have weakened, showers/cloud cover remain prevalent
    near/east of the Appalachians at midday across the Mid-Atlantic
    region. This will tend to limit/delay destabilization in many areas
    (especially with north-northeastward extent). That said, air mass recovery/advection is expected from the west, with ample upstream
    clearing per visible satellite imagery across the Cumberland Plateau
    into parts of the Allegheny Plateau. Pending the timing/location of destabilization, some terrain/lee trough-related development may
    diurnally occur, although the most prevalent/more certain scenario
    may be for potentially severe storms to spread into the region this
    evening. Damaging winds will be the most common hazard regionally,
    although a tornado could occur, attributable to MCV-enhanced flow
    and/or with any storms interacting with the effective warm front
    across the Mid-Atlantic region.

    ...Middle Mississippi Valley including Missouri/Illinois...
    An MCV over the Nebraska/Kansas/Iowa/Missouri border vicinity late
    this morning will likely continue generally eastward, while probably
    largely maintaining its related belt of enhanced mid-level flow as
    observed from regional WSR-88D VWP data. A key downstream
    uncertainty is the midday persistence of weak convection across
    eastern Missouri into west/southwest Illinois, and that mid-level
    lapse rates are rather poor to its north aside from some lingering
    cloud cover.

    More certain/greater destabilization may occur to the west across
    Missouri, with the southeastward-advancing front being a focus for
    renewed thunderstorm development later this afternoon and evening
    amidst moderate/locally strong buoyancy. Deep-layer shear will tend
    to be limited to around 30 kt in most areas, although somewhat
    stronger MCV-related winds aloft may support upwards of 35-40 kt
    effective shear for any storms across northern Missouri into west-central/southwest Illinois. Bouts of damaging winds are the
    most likely hazard regionally.

    ...Front Range/Raton Mesa and northern/central High Plains...
    A relatively similar pattern/scenario as prior few days will
    continue regionally, except a somewhat more northward-extent of the
    severe risk (such as Black Hills vicinity) and a trend toward a more
    northerly component to the flow aloft across the north-central High
    Plains. At least widely scattered thunderstorm development is
    expected into mid/late afternoon spanning the Front Range/Raton Mesa
    vicinity northward across eastern Wyoming/southeast Montana and the
    Black Hills vicinity. In the presence of upwards of 1500-2000 J/kg
    MLCAPE, moderate vertical shear (30-40 kt) could support a few
    supercells capable of severe hail. Isolated damaging winds will be
    possible. This includes the most probable zone for gradual
    upscale-growing linear cluster(s) across the south-central High
    Plains/Raton Mesa vicinity including southeast Colorado/northeast
    New Mexico toward the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles and far southwest
    Kansas. A couple of southeastward-moving thunderstorm clusters
    capable of wind/damage may also emerge this evening out of the Black
    Hills vicinity/western Nebraska.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 13:46:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161645
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161644

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1144 AM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026

    Valid 161630Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE FRONT
    RANGE AND CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND OHIO
    VALLEY/MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with damaging wind gusts will be possible this
    afternoon and early evening over parts of the Ohio Valley and
    Mid-Atlantic. Large hail and isolated severe wind gusts will also be
    possible across the Front Range and central/northern High Plains.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley to Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas...
    An MCV persists at midday across far southeast Michigan and northern
    Ohio, with some recent uptick in convection ahead of it across
    northern Ohio. Reference Mesoscale Discussion 1195 for short-term
    details regarding a further increase in severe potential through early/mid-afternoon within this regional corridor.

    While storms have weakened, showers/cloud cover remain prevalent
    near/east of the Appalachians at midday across the Mid-Atlantic
    region. This will tend to limit/delay destabilization in many areas
    (especially with north-northeastward extent). That said, air mass recovery/advection is expected from the west, with ample upstream
    clearing per visible satellite imagery across the Cumberland Plateau
    into parts of the Allegheny Plateau. Pending the timing/location of destabilization, some terrain/lee trough-related development may
    diurnally occur, although the most prevalent/more certain scenario
    may be for potentially severe storms to spread into the region this
    evening. Damaging winds will be the most common hazard regionally,
    although a tornado could occur, attributable to MCV-enhanced flow
    and/or with any storms interacting with the effective warm front
    across the Mid-Atlantic region.

    ...Middle Mississippi Valley including Missouri/Illinois...
    An MCV over the Nebraska/Kansas/Iowa/Missouri border vicinity late
    this morning will likely continue generally eastward, while probably
    largely maintaining its related belt of enhanced mid-level flow as
    observed from regional WSR-88D VWP data. A key downstream
    uncertainty is the midday persistence of weak convection across
    eastern Missouri into west/southwest Illinois, and that mid-level
    lapse rates are rather poor to its north aside from some lingering
    cloud cover.

    More certain/greater destabilization may occur to the west across
    Missouri, with the southeastward-advancing front being a focus for
    renewed thunderstorm development later this afternoon and evening
    amidst moderate/locally strong buoyancy. Deep-layer shear will tend
    to be limited to around 30 kt in most areas, although somewhat
    stronger MCV-related winds aloft may support upwards of 35-40 kt
    effective shear for any storms across northern Missouri into west-central/southwest Illinois. Bouts of damaging winds are the
    most likely hazard regionally.

    ...Front Range/Raton Mesa and northern/central High Plains...
    A relatively similar pattern/scenario as prior few days will
    continue regionally, except a somewhat more northward-extent of the
    severe risk (such as Black Hills vicinity) and a trend toward a more
    northerly component to the flow aloft across the north-central High
    Plains. At least widely scattered thunderstorm development is
    expected into mid/late afternoon spanning the Front Range/Raton Mesa
    vicinity northward across eastern Wyoming/southeast Montana and the
    Black Hills vicinity. In the presence of upwards of 1500-2000 J/kg
    MLCAPE, moderate vertical shear (30-40 kt) could support a few
    supercells capable of severe hail. Isolated damaging winds will be
    possible. This includes the most probable zone for gradual
    upscale-growing linear cluster(s) across the south-central High
    Plains/Raton Mesa vicinity including southeast Colorado/northeast
    New Mexico toward the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles and far southwest
    Kansas. A couple of southeastward-moving thunderstorm clusters
    capable of wind/damage may also emerge this evening out of the Black
    Hills vicinity/western Nebraska.

    ..Guyer/Chalmers.. 08/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 14:01:04 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Sun Aug 16 2026

    Valid 170100Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND ACROSS THE CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts will be possible this evening
    from parts of the Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic. Thunderstorms
    with isolated severe gusts and hail will be possible in parts of the
    High Plains.

    ...Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians/Mid-Atlantic...
    On water vapor imagery, a mid-level shortwave trough is evident in
    the Ohio Valley within west-northwest flow. This feature is moving
    into the central Appalachians where surface dewpoints are mostly in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s F. Moderate instability is analyzed by
    the RAP across much of the region. Low-level convergence is
    maximized along a pre-frontal trough in the Mid-Atlantic where
    isolated strong thunderstorms are ongoing. A secondary max of
    convergence is located from central Kentucky into western West
    Virginia, along which an organized line segment is ongoing. These
    storm clusters are expected to persist for a few more hours.

    Ahead of the ongoing storms, the WSR-88D VWPs at Jackson, Kentucky
    and Blacksburg, Virginia have 0-6 km shear of about 30 knots with
    nearly unidirectional west to northwesterly winds in the low to
    mid-levels. The 00Z sounding at Roanoke, Virginia has MLCAPE around
    2200 J/kg, with 0-3 km lapse rates near 7.5 C/km. This environment
    will support a potential for severe wind gusts with the stronger
    cells this evening.

    Further west into the mid Mississippi Valley, strong thunderstorms
    are currently ongoing along a gradient of moderate to strong
    instability, analyzed by the RAP in eastern Missouri. The unstable thermodynamic environment along with sufficient deep-layer shear
    will support an isolated wind-damage threat for a few more hours
    this evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Mid-level flow is west-northwesterly over the High Plains this
    evening. According to water vapor imagery, a shortwave trough is
    located over eastern Colorado. Ahead of this feature, a moist
    airmass is present over much of the central Plains, where surface
    dewpoints are mostly in the 60s F. An axis of moderate instability
    is analyzed by the RAP from the northern Texas Panhandle northward
    into northwestern Nebraska. Along and near this axis, multiple small
    clusters of strong to severe storms are ongoing. The strongest
    deep-layer shear is analyzed by the RAP from east-central Colorado
    northward into western Nebraska, where 0-6 km shear is estimated to
    be in the 30 to 40 knot range. Within this zone, low to mid-level
    lapse rates are estimated to be around 7 C/km. This environment will
    be sufficient for an isolated severe threat this evening. Severe
    wind gusts and hail will be the primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 08/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 14:20:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170604
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170602

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0102 AM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS...AND IN THE SOUTHERN
    APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
    afternoon and evening across parts of the central and northern
    Plains. Severe gusts will also be possible in parts of the southern Appalachians. Isolated severe gusts may occur in parts of Oklahoma
    and Montana.

    ...Central and Northern Plains...
    At mid-levels, a subtle shortwave trough will move across the
    northern Plains today, within west-northwesterly flow. Ahead of this
    feature, a broad corridor of low-level moisture will be in place
    over the central and northern Plains. A moist axis, with surface
    dewpoints in the upper 60s and lower 70s F, will setup from
    northwest Kansas north-northeastward into central Nebraska and
    eastern South Dakota. Along and near the moist axis, moderate to
    strong instability will develop by midday with MLCAPE likely
    increasing into the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range. At the surface, a cold
    front will move southeastward across the Dakotas during the day.
    Low-level convergence will become maximized ahead of the front
    across central Nebraska and southeast South Dakota. This will lead
    to scattered convective initiation, with thunderstorms forming and
    moving southeastward into the stronger instability during the late
    afternoon and early evening.

    RAP forecast soundings near the instability axis at 00Z from
    northeastern Nebraska into eastern South Dakota have 0-6 km shear
    near 40 knots with low to mid-level lapse rates in the 7 to 7.5 C/km
    range. This will support supercell development and isolated large
    hail production in areas that have the best overall environment.
    However, a mixed mode is expected. Supercells and multicells will be
    capable of severe wind gusts. The severe threat will likely continue
    into the mid evening, as a somewhat large convective cluster moves southeastward into the mid Missouri and upper Mississippi Valleys.

    ...Southern Appalachians...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move east-southeastward across the
    Ohio and Tennessee Valleys today, reaching the southern Appalachians
    by early evening. Ahead of this feature, a moist and unstable
    airmass will be in place. Surface dewpoints in the 70s F will lead
    to the development of moderate to strong instability by midday. At
    the surface, a cold front will advance southeastward into the
    southern Appalachians. Low-level convergence along the front, along
    with topographic forcing, will result in scattered thunderstorm
    development in the afternoon. These storms are expected to move east-southeastward across the higher terrain of the southern
    Appalachians and into the lower elevations by early evening. The
    very moist and unstable air, along with 0-6 km shear in the 20 to 30
    knot range will support a wind-damage threat. Severe gusts will be
    most likely with short organized line segments. The severe threat
    could persist into the early evening.

    ...Southern Plains...
    At the surface, a quasi-stationary front will remain in place across
    southern and western Oklahoma today. Within the post-frontal air,
    surface dewpoints will be from the mid 60s to the mid 70s F. As
    surface temperatures warm, moderate to strong instability will
    develop along and near the most axis. The instability, combined with
    sufficient deep-layer shear and 0-3 km lapse exceeding 8 C/km will
    be favorable for isolated severe wet downbursts.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    West-northwest mid-level flow will be in place in the northern High
    Plains over the top of a post-frontal airmass. Surface dewpoints in
    parts of central and eastern Montana will be around 50 F. MLCAPE
    will increase into the 500 to 1000 J/kg range over parts of the
    northern High Plains. As temperatures warm during the day,
    thunderstorms are expected to form in the higher terrain of central
    Montana, with isolated cells moving eastward across the upper
    Missouri Valley. Very steep low to mid-level lapse rates could
    support an isolated potential for severe wind gusts during the late
    afternoon and early evening.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 08/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 16:58:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171654
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171652

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1152 AM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026

    Valid 171630Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTH-CENTRAL PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail are expected
    this afternoon and evening across parts of the central and northern
    Plains. Damaging gusts will also be possible in parts of the
    southern Appalachians to the North Carolina Piedmont, and possibly
    across portions of the Mid-South and southern Plains.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Weak height falls are expected regionally with a seasonally
    prominent strengthening of northwesterly flow aloft. A surface low
    will shift eastward and an attendant cold front will push southward/southeastward across eastern Montana, North Dakota and
    toward west/northwest Minnesota. The airmass preceding this front
    will be moist and strongly unstable, with dewpoints in the upper 60s
    and MLCAPE over 2500 J/kg. Multiple areas of initial development are
    expected, including along the front from eastern Dakotas into
    western Minnesota, and in the vicinity of the pre-frontal trough
    and/or front over the NE Panhandle vicinity, southern South Dakota,
    and southeast Montana/far eastern Wyoming.

    Mid/Late-afternoon storm development in each of these areas will
    progress into zones of greater buoyancy by evening. Some initial
    supercells capable of large hail are expected, especially given the
    strength of the deep-layer wind profiles, while steep low-level
    lapse rates and high cloud bases will support strong wind gust
    potential, especially with the possibility that storms may
    cluster/organize this evening across Nebraska/southern South Dakota,
    and possibly across Siouxland and western Minnesota.

    ...Central/Southern Appalachians into the Piedmont...
    Within a very moist airmass, renewed thunderstorm development is
    expected along the southern flank of a remnant thunderstorm cluster
    and in vicinity of the higher terrain/mountains this afternoon.
    Vertical shear will not be overly strong, but moderate/strong
    buoyancy and steep low-level lapse rates will still support the
    potential for damaging wind gusts. These strong outflows could
    promote the development of several
    forward-propagating/southeast-moving line segments with a persistent
    potential for wind damage, at least through early evening.

    ...Oklahoma/Arkansas to Mid-South...
    Aided by an MCV, a small cluster of storms with a morning history of
    occasional severe-caliber winds continues at midday across northwest
    Arkansas. For additional short-term details, see Mesoscale
    Discussion 2010. While not certain or perhaps likely, a general eastward-persistence of this cluster could occur. Additional
    isolated storm development may occur regionally later this afternoon
    along the remnant outflow and/or front, with steep low-level lapse
    rates and ample buoyancy supportive of damaging downburst potential
    through around sunset.

    ..Guyer/Chalmers.. 08/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 17 20:07:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 172005
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 172003

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0303 PM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026

    Valid 172000Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN PARTS OF
    THE NORTH-CENTRAL PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...AND SOUTHERN
    APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail are expected
    this afternoon and evening across parts of the central and northern
    Plains. Damaging gusts will also be possible in parts of the
    southern Appalachians to the North Carolina Piedmont, and possibly
    across portions of the Mid-South and southern Plains.

    ...20Z Update...
    Given the earlier than expected development within western South
    Dakota/eastern Wyoming, the Slight Risk has been expanded
    northwestward. See MD 2012 for additional information. One or more
    organized clusters may eventually develop out of this activity as
    the low-level jet increases into northern Nebraska/southern South
    Dakota. Confidence on where a greater corridor of wind risk exists
    is still too low for a categorical upgrade. Elsewhere, the forecast
    remains on track.

    ..Wendt.. 08/17/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1152 AM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026/

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Weak height falls are expected regionally with a seasonally
    prominent strengthening of northwesterly flow aloft. A surface low
    will shift eastward and an attendant cold front will push southward/southeastward across eastern Montana, North Dakota and
    toward west/northwest Minnesota. The airmass preceding this front
    will be moist and strongly unstable, with dewpoints in the upper 60s
    and MLCAPE over 2500 J/kg. Multiple areas of initial development are
    expected, including along the front from eastern Dakotas into
    western Minnesota, and in the vicinity of the pre-frontal trough
    and/or front over the NE Panhandle vicinity, southern South Dakota,
    and southeast Montana/far eastern Wyoming.

    Mid/Late-afternoon storm development in each of these areas will
    progress into zones of greater buoyancy by evening. Some initial
    supercells capable of large hail are expected, especially given the
    strength of the deep-layer wind profiles, while steep low-level
    lapse rates and high cloud bases will support strong wind gust
    potential, especially with the possibility that storms may
    cluster/organize this evening across Nebraska/southern South Dakota,
    and possibly across Siouxland and western Minnesota.

    ...Central/Southern Appalachians into the Piedmont...
    Within a very moist airmass, renewed thunderstorm development is
    expected along the southern flank of a remnant thunderstorm cluster
    and in vicinity of the higher terrain/mountains this afternoon.
    Vertical shear will not be overly strong, but moderate/strong
    buoyancy and steep low-level lapse rates will still support the
    potential for damaging wind gusts. These strong outflows could
    promote the development of several
    forward-propagating/southeast-moving line segments with a persistent
    potential for wind damage, at least through early evening.

    ...Oklahoma/Arkansas to Mid-South...
    Aided by an MCV, a small cluster of storms with a morning history of
    occasional severe-caliber winds continues at midday across northwest
    Arkansas. For additional short-term details, see Mesoscale
    Discussion 2010. While not certain or perhaps likely, a general eastward-persistence of this cluster could occur. Additional
    isolated storm development may occur regionally later this afternoon
    along the remnant outflow and/or front, with steep low-level lapse
    rates and ample buoyancy supportive of damaging downburst potential
    through around sunset.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 01:01:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Mon Aug 17 2026

    Valid 180100Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS...AND FROM NORTHEASTERN ALABAMA INTO
    WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail are expected
    this evening across parts of the central and northern Plains.
    Isolated severe gusts will also be possible from parts of the
    northern Gulf Coast States into the southern Appalachians and
    Carolinas.

    ...Central and Northern Plains...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows west-northwesterly flow over
    much of the northern U.S., with a low-amplitude shortwave trough
    moving through the flow in the northern Plains. At the surface, a
    cold front is advancing southeastward through the Dakotas. Ahead of
    the front, surface dewpoints are in the 60s F. The RAP has an axis
    of moderate to strong instability located from central Nebraska
    northeastward into eastern South Dakota, along which MLCAPE is
    estimated in the 2500 to 3500 J/kg range. Isolated thunderstorms are
    ongoing near the instability axis with scattered storms ongoing to
    the west of the instability max in western Nebraska and southwestern
    South Dakota.

    These storms are located along the eastern edge of an elevated mixed
    layer extending eastward from the central Rockies. Near the storms,
    the RAP is estimating 700-500 mb lapse rates in the 7.5 to 8.5 C/km
    range. In addition, the North Platte WSR-88D VWP has 0-6 km shear
    near 50 knots with significant directional shear evident in the
    lowest 3 km above ground level. This environment will support
    supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts this evening. The
    more intense storms could produce hailstones exceeding 2 inches in
    diameter. Short-term model forecast suggest that the storms will
    continue to move east-southeastward toward the instability axis this
    evening, remaining relatively discrete. However, a transition to a
    broken line segment should eventually occur, which would result in a
    greater wind-damage threat. A few severe gusts above 75 mph will be
    possible. The severe threat should persist into the mid to late
    evening...See MCD 2019.

    ...Northern Gulf Coast States/Southern Appalachians/Carolinas...
    The latest surface analysis shows a distinct outflow boundary from
    northern Alabama eastward into the western Carolinas. Strong to
    severe thunderstorms are ongoing near the outflow boundary. To the
    south of the boundary, surface dewpoints are in the 70s F and the
    RAP is estimating MLCAPE in the 2000 to 3500 J/kg range. Within the
    most unstable air, RAP forecast soundings early this evening have
    0-3 km lapse rate in the 7.5 to 8 C/km range, with precipitation
    water above 2 inches. In addition, the WSR-88D VWP in northeast
    Alabama has 0-6 km shear in the 20 to 25 knot range. This
    environment will support a potential for severe wet downbursts for a
    couple more hours this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 08/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 05:58:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180558
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180556

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the central Plains into the
    lower Missouri Valley. Isolated severe gusts and hail will also be
    possible from the Northern High Plains eastward into the Midwest and
    southern Great Lakes.

    ...Central and Northern Plains...
    At mid-levels, a broad cyclonic flow pattern will be in place over
    the northern U.S. A shortwave trough will move across the central
    and northern Plains. At the surface, a cold front will advance
    southward into Nebraska by afternoon. To the south of the front, an
    outflow boundary from morning convection will move southward into
    northern Kansas. A moist airmass will exist between the two
    boundaries with surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to lower 70s F.
    Within the moist air, moderate to strong instability will develop by
    afternoon. The outflow boundary will be a focus for convective
    initiation during the day, while additional storms are expected to
    develop further west across the central High Plains in the late
    afternoon. Increasing convective coverage during the early evening
    should result in the development of a line segment.

    RAP forecast soundings at 00Z from Salina to Kansas City have MLCAPE
    in the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear around 40 knots.
    700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be in the 7 to 8 C/km range.
    This environment will support supercells with isolated large hail.
    The large hail threat will extend west-northwestward into southwest
    Nebraska during the late afternoon where mid-level lapse rates will
    be steeper and cells will likely remain discrete. The greatest
    wind-damage potential is forecast from northern and eastern Kansas
    into far western Missouri, where the development of an organized
    bowing line segment will be possible in the early evening. Wind
    gusts above 75 mph will be possible along the path of any intense
    line segment. The severe threat may impact parts of lower Missouri
    Valley and Ozarks by mid to late evening.

    ...Midwest/Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move across the north-central U.S.
    today, as a cold front advances southeastward across the Midwest and
    Great Lakes. To the south of the front, surface dewpoints in the 60s
    F will contribute to moderate instability along an west-northwest-to-east-northeast axis from the mid Mississippi
    Valley into the southern Great Lakes. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms appear likely to form along and south of the front in
    the late afternoon and early evening. MLCAPE in the 1000 to 2000
    J/kg range, 0-6 km shear around 40 knots and precipitable water in
    the 1.7 to 1.9 inch range will be favorable for isolated severe
    storms capable of severe wet downbursts.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    Northwesterly mid-level flow will be in place today from the
    Northern Rockies into the Northern High Plains. At the surface,
    dewpoints along the moist axis from northeastern Wyoming into
    central Montana will be around 50 F. As surface temperatures warm
    during the day, MLCAPE is expected to increase to around 1000 J/kg
    in parts of the northern High Plains. Thunderstorms are expected to
    form in the higher terrain in the afternoon, moving
    east-southeastward into the lower elevations. Due to the instability
    and steep low to mid-level lapse rates, isolated severe wind gusts
    will be possible with the stronger cells.

    ..Broyles/Jirak.. 08/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 12:49:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181249
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181247

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0747 AM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 181300Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    KANSAS INTO CENTRAL MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the central Plains into the
    lower Missouri Valley. Isolated severe gusts and hail will also be
    possible from the Northern Rockies into the central High Plains, and
    eastward into the Midwest and southern Lower Michigan. Damaging
    gusts could also occur across parts of Mississippi and Alabama.

    ...Central Plains into Lower MO Valley...
    Warm-air advection showers and thunderstorms are currently ongoing
    across south-central/southeast NE. This activity is likely
    reinforcing an outflow boundary from an earlier MCS that extends
    from northwest KS into the NE/KS/MO border vicinity. These showers
    and thunderstorms are expected to continue southeastward over the
    next few hours, while gradually diminishing in coverage and
    intensity. How this outflow modifies will influence the thunderstorm
    potential across northern KS this afternoon. If the boundary does
    not wash out, there could be a region of notable convergence that
    develops across in the northwestern/north-central KS between the
    outflow (reinforced by an approaching cold front) and a heat-driven
    surface low that develops across western KS. Even with this
    potential convergence, convective initiation is uncertain. Most
    guidance maintains warm low/mid level temperatures, with the
    resultant capping suppressing any thunderstorm development. Steep
    lapse rates, moderate deep-layer vertical shear, and strong buoyancy
    are expected north of the boundary, and there is a conditional risk
    for large to very large hail and strong downdrafts if any updrafts
    can mature.

    A more certain scenario is expected farther east across eastern KS,
    where evening thunderstorm development is anticipated as the
    low-level jet increases. Steep lapse rates and moderate vertical
    shear support the potential for thunderstorms capable of large hail
    during the initially more cellular mode. These storms will likely
    cluster quickly, with a trend towards upscale growth into a
    forward-propagating MCS which then moves into MO. Damaging gusts
    will become the primary risk once this occurs.

    ...Northern Rockies through the Central High Plains...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to progress southeastward from
    British Columbia/Alberta into the northern Rockies. Thunderstorm
    development is anticipated across the northern Rockies as this wave
    interacts with the destabilized and buoyant airmass across the
    region. Moderate westerly flow will accompany this wave as well,
    supporting the potential for more organized storm structures and the development of several line segments. These widely scattered
    thunderstorms are forecast to progress eastward/southeastward this afternoon/evening, with additional development possible from WY into
    the central High Plains. The moderate westerly flow aloft, high
    storm bases, and steep low-level lapse rates support the potential
    for strong to severe wind gusts as these storms progress eastward/southeastward.

    ...Southern WI/northern IL into Lower MI...
    Low-level moisture is expected to increase across the Midwest ahead
    of an approaching cold front, resulting in moderate buoyancy by the
    late afternoon. Convergence along the front will be weak but still
    sufficient for convective initiation, with the combination of
    moderate buoyancy and moderate westerly flow aloft supporting strong
    to severe storms. An initially more cellular mode could yield large
    hail within the strongest storms. A quick transition towards more
    linear modes is anticipated, with damaging gusts becoming the
    primary severe risk within any strong line segments.

    ...MS/AL...
    Afternoon thunderstorm development is anticipated across MS and AL
    as a weak vorticity maximum progresses southeastward into the warm,
    moist, and unstable environment in place across the region. Vertical
    shear will be weak, and an outflow-dominant, multicellular mode is
    expected. Even so, some clustering into one or more line segments
    appears probable, resulting in scattered thunderstorm coverage.
    Steep low-level lapse rates and relatively high cloud bases support
    the potential for strong downdrafts with any more robust convection.

    ..Mosier/Bunting.. 08/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 16:52:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181652
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181651

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1151 AM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 181300Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS/LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY AND UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the central Plains into the
    lower Missouri Valley, as well as the Upper Midwest. Other storms
    capable of severe wind gusts and hail will also be possible from the
    Northern Rockies into the central High Plains this afternoon into
    tonight.

    ...Central Plains into Lower Missouri Valley...
    Scattered weakening thunderstorms continue across northeast
    Kansas/southeast Nebraska into northern Missouri, reinforcing a
    convective boundary that extends across the region. Thunderstorm redevelopment/intensification is conditionally possible through the
    diurnal heating cycle near the boundary, which would carry with it
    the potential for at least isolated hail/damaging winds.

    A more certain scenario is expected this evening, when thunderstorm development/re-invigoration is more probable as the low-level jet
    increases. Steep lapse rates and moderate vertical shear support the
    potential for thunderstorms capable of large hail during the
    initially more cellular mode. These storms will likely cluster
    quickly, with a trend towards upscale growth into a
    forward-propagating MCS with an increasing damaging wind potential
    as it spreads toward/across Missouri.

    ...Northern Rockies through the Central High Plains...
    A shortwave trough will progress southeastward from British
    Columbia/Alberta into the northern Rockies. Thunderstorm development
    is anticipated across the northern Rockies as this wave interacts
    with the destabilized and buoyant airmass across the region.
    Moderate westerly flow aloft with support the potential for more
    organized storm structures and the development of several line
    segments. These widely scattered thunderstorms are forecast to
    progress east-southeastward this afternoon/evening, with additional
    development possible from Wyoming into the central High Plains. The
    moderate westerly flow aloft, high storm bases, and steep low-level
    lapse rates support the potential for strong to severe wind gusts
    and possibly some increased hail potential through evening/early
    overnight as these storms progress east-southeastward toward the
    richer reservoir of moisture/buoyancy across the central High
    Plains, including western Nebraska/northeast Colorado/northwest
    Kansas.

    ...Upper Midwest including portions of Iowa/Wisconsin/Michigan...
    Low-level moisture is expected to increase across the Midwest ahead
    of an approaching cold front, resulting in moderate buoyancy by late
    afternoon. Near-frontal convergence will influence convective
    initiation, with the combination of moderate buoyancy and seasonally
    strong westerly flow aloft supporting strong to severe storms
    including some initial/semi-discrete supercells, which could yield
    large hail. A transition into linear segments is expected by
    evening, with damaging wind gusts becoming the more prevalent severe
    risk as storms spread generally southeastward.

    ...Mississippi/Alabama to northern Florida...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected this afternoon,
    particularly across portions of Mississippi into western/southern
    Alabama and northern Florida. These storms will develop amidst a
    very moist and unstable environment. Vertical shear will be weak,
    with an outflow-dominant/multicellular mode expected. Some
    clustering into one or more line segments appears probable,
    resulting in scattered thunderstorm coverage. Steep low-level lapse
    rates and relatively high cloud bases support the potential for
    strong downdrafts capable of locally damaging winds.

    ..Guyer/Wendt.. 08/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 17:14:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181714
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181712

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1212 PM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 181630Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS/LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY AND UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the central Plains into the
    lower Missouri Valley, as well as the Upper Midwest. Other storms
    capable of severe wind gusts and hail will also be possible from the
    Northern Rockies into the central High Plains this afternoon into
    tonight.

    ...Central Plains into Lower Missouri Valley...
    Scattered weakening thunderstorms continue across northeast
    Kansas/southeast Nebraska into northern Missouri, reinforcing a
    convective boundary that extends across the region. Thunderstorm redevelopment/intensification is conditionally possible through the
    diurnal heating cycle near the boundary, which would carry with it
    the potential for at least isolated hail/damaging winds.

    A more certain scenario is expected this evening, when thunderstorm development/re-invigoration is more probable as the low-level jet
    increases. Steep lapse rates and moderate vertical shear support the
    potential for thunderstorms capable of large hail during the
    initially more cellular mode. These storms will likely cluster
    quickly, with a trend towards upscale growth into a
    forward-propagating MCS with an increasing damaging wind potential
    as it spreads toward/across Missouri.

    ...Northern Rockies through the Central High Plains...
    A shortwave trough will progress southeastward from British
    Columbia/Alberta into the northern Rockies. Thunderstorm development
    is anticipated across the northern Rockies as this wave interacts
    with the destabilized and buoyant airmass across the region.
    Moderate westerly flow aloft with support the potential for more
    organized storm structures and the development of several line
    segments. These widely scattered thunderstorms are forecast to
    progress east-southeastward this afternoon/evening, with additional
    development possible from Wyoming into the central High Plains. The
    moderate westerly flow aloft, high storm bases, and steep low-level
    lapse rates support the potential for strong to severe wind gusts
    and possibly some increased hail potential through evening/early
    overnight as these storms progress east-southeastward toward the
    richer reservoir of moisture/buoyancy across the central High
    Plains, including western Nebraska/northeast Colorado/northwest
    Kansas.

    ...Upper Midwest including portions of Iowa/Wisconsin/Michigan...
    Low-level moisture is expected to increase across the Midwest ahead
    of an approaching cold front, resulting in moderate buoyancy by late
    afternoon. Near-frontal convergence will influence convective
    initiation, with the combination of moderate buoyancy and seasonally
    strong westerly flow aloft supporting strong to severe storms
    including some initial/semi-discrete supercells, which could yield
    large hail. A transition into linear segments is expected by
    evening, with damaging wind gusts becoming the more prevalent severe
    risk as storms spread generally southeastward.

    ...Mississippi/Alabama to northern Florida...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected this afternoon,
    particularly across portions of Mississippi into western/southern
    Alabama and northern Florida. These storms will develop amidst a
    very moist and unstable environment. Vertical shear will be weak,
    with an outflow-dominant/multicellular mode expected. Some
    clustering into one or more line segments appears probable,
    resulting in scattered thunderstorm coverage. Steep low-level lapse
    rates and relatively high cloud bases support the potential for
    strong downdrafts capable of locally damaging winds.

    ..Guyer/Wendt.. 08/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 18 19:54:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181954
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181952

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 PM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 182000Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE GREAT LAKES...ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE PLAINS...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the central Plains into the
    lower Missouri Valley, as well as the Upper Midwest. Other storms
    capable of severe wind gusts and hail will also be possible from the
    Northern Rockies into the central High Plains this afternoon into
    tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    The primary adjustment for this update was the introduction of
    additional 15% wind probabilities across southern Montana into
    northern Wyoming and far western South Dakota. Latest GOES imagery
    and lightning trends show deepening convection within the higher
    terrain of southern to central MT. An approaching shortwave trough
    will promote additional ascent and east/southeastward propagation
    off the terrain through late afternoon and early evening. As this
    occurs, thunderstorms will spread into a warm and deeply-mixed
    environment featuring 0-3 km lapse rates on the order of 8-9 C/km
    and sufficient buoyancy to sustain convection. Given this favorable thermodynamic profile and ample shear across the region (sampled by
    18 UTC RAOBs from RIW and UNR), the potential for severe winds
    appears higher than previously anticipated. Recent HRRR/RRFS
    time-lagged ensemble guidance appears to be capturing this trend and
    depicts higher severe wind potential than earlier solutions.

    ...Southeast Wyoming into Colorado and Nebraska...
    The early stages of deepening convection is noted near the Casper,
    WY area ahead of a weak mid-level disturbance and where daytime
    heating has resulted in surface temperatures climbing into the low
    80s. While this initial activity will likely remain sub-severe, the
    potential for intensification should steadily increase as it spreads
    southeast into a more moist air mass. Similarly, cumulus is noted
    across north-central CO on the western fringe of the higher-quality
    moisture. Guidance continues to show considerable spread regarding
    convective coverage and evolution across both regions, but given
    these observed trends and a fairly supportive environment downstream
    of emerging convection, expanding hail and wind risk probabilities
    appeared prudent.

    ...Northeast Kansas/western Missouri...
    Latest guidance continues to show additional thunderstorm
    development later tonight within a warm advection regime across
    northeast KS into west/northwest MO. However, there has been a
    notable northward trend in recent HRRR/RRFS solutions compared to
    12z guidance. 15% hail and wind probabilities have been adjusted
    northward to account for this trend.

    ..Moore.. 08/18/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1212 PM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026/

    ...Central Plains into Lower Missouri Valley...
    Scattered weakening thunderstorms continue across northeast
    Kansas/southeast Nebraska into northern Missouri, reinforcing a
    convective boundary that extends across the region. Thunderstorm redevelopment/intensification is conditionally possible through the
    diurnal heating cycle near the boundary, which would carry with it
    the potential for at least isolated hail/damaging winds.

    A more certain scenario is expected this evening, when thunderstorm development/re-invigoration is more probable as the low-level jet
    increases. Steep lapse rates and moderate vertical shear support the
    potential for thunderstorms capable of large hail during the
    initially more cellular mode. These storms will likely cluster
    quickly, with a trend towards upscale growth into a
    forward-propagating MCS with an increasing damaging wind potential
    as it spreads toward/across Missouri.

    ...Northern Rockies through the Central High Plains...
    A shortwave trough will progress southeastward from British
    Columbia/Alberta into the northern Rockies. Thunderstorm development
    is anticipated across the northern Rockies as this wave interacts
    with the destabilized and buoyant airmass across the region.
    Moderate westerly flow aloft with support the potential for more
    organized storm structures and the development of several line
    segments. These widely scattered thunderstorms are forecast to
    progress east-southeastward this afternoon/evening, with additional
    development possible from Wyoming into the central High Plains. The
    moderate westerly flow aloft, high storm bases, and steep low-level
    lapse rates support the potential for strong to severe wind gusts
    and possibly some increased hail potential through evening/early
    overnight as these storms progress east-southeastward toward the
    richer reservoir of moisture/buoyancy across the central High
    Plains, including western Nebraska/northeast Colorado/northwest
    Kansas.

    ...Upper Midwest including portions of Iowa/Wisconsin/Michigan...
    Low-level moisture is expected to increase across the Midwest ahead
    of an approaching cold front, resulting in moderate buoyancy by late
    afternoon. Near-frontal convergence will influence convective
    initiation, with the combination of moderate buoyancy and seasonally
    strong westerly flow aloft supporting strong to severe storms
    including some initial/semi-discrete supercells, which could yield
    large hail. A transition into linear segments is expected by
    evening, with damaging wind gusts becoming the more prevalent severe
    risk as storms spread generally southeastward.

    ...Mississippi/Alabama to northern Florida...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected this afternoon,
    particularly across portions of Mississippi into western/southern
    Alabama and northern Florida. These storms will develop amidst a
    very moist and unstable environment. Vertical shear will be weak,
    with an outflow-dominant/multicellular mode expected. Some
    clustering into one or more line segments appears probable,
    resulting in scattered thunderstorm coverage. Steep low-level lapse
    rates and relatively high cloud bases support the potential for
    strong downdrafts capable of locally damaging winds.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 19 01:02:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Tue Aug 18 2026

    Valid 190100Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
    evening from parts of the central Plains into the lower Missouri
    Valley. Isolated severe gusts and hail will also be possible in
    parts of the central and northern High Plains, and from the Midwest
    into the Great Lakes.

    ...Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows west-northwesterly mid-level
    flow over the central U.S. with a shortwave trough embedded in the
    flow over western Kansas. At the surface, a moist airmass is located
    from the mid Mississippi Valley westward into the central Plains,
    where surface dewpoints are mostly from the upper 60s and lower 70s
    F. Low-level convergence is maximized along and near a well-defined
    outflow boundary located across central Kansas. Isolated severe
    thunderstorms are ongoing near this boundary. In this area, moderate
    deep-layer shear and steep low to mid-level lapse rates will be
    favorable for isolated large hail and severe wind gusts over the
    next few hours.

    Further to the north across northern Kansas and southern Nebraska,
    the RAP has strong instability analyzed with MLCAPE in the 3000 to
    3500 J/kg range. Thunderstorms are currently ongoing in western
    Nebraska and northeastern Colorado. These storms will move toward
    the stronger instability over the next few hours. As this happens,
    the storms may increase in intensity. If this were to occur, the
    strong instability and moderate deep-layer shear over northwest
    Kansas and southwest Nebraska would support a threat for hail and
    isolated severe wind gusts. A second severe threat area is expected
    to become active further east from northeast Kansas into
    west-central Missouri as low-level flow increases this evening.
    Thunderstorms are now developing in north-central Kansas and this
    convection should expand in coverage over the next couple of hours.
    The primary threat would be wind damage, especially if a short
    intense line segment can become organized. Along its path, severe
    wind gusts could exceed 70 mph...see MCD 2031.

    ...Midwest/Great Lakes...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a distinct shortwave trough
    over the mid Mississippi Valley within west-northwesterly flow
    aloft. At the surface, a moist airmass is located from the mid
    Missouri Valley east-northeastward into the lower Michigan, where
    surface dewpoints are mostly in the upper 60s and lower 70s F. An
    axis of low-level convergence is located from northern Iowa into far
    southern Wisconsin, along which thunderstorms are ongoing. A couple
    of cells have remained discrete across northwestern Iowa, where an
    axis of moderate instability is analyzed. As these cells move
    southeastward into north-central Iowa this evening, isolated large
    hail and a few severe wind gusts will be possible. Further east, the
    storms have organized into a line segment over far southern
    Wisconsin. These storms will have an isolated wind-damage threat
    over the next couple of hours. A marginal severe threat may also
    continue over parts of lower Michigan early this evening.

    ...Central and Northern High Plains...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow is currently located across the
    northern Rockies and northern High Plains, with a distinct shortwave
    trough moving through Montana. At the surface, an axis of low-level
    moisture is present from eastern Wyoming into eastern Montana, along
    which surface dewpoints are near 60 F. This is contributing to
    MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg along parts of the moist axis. Isolated
    strong to severe storms are ongoing near the moist axis in far
    northeast Wyoming and in northeast Montana. Moderate deep-layer
    shear and steep low to mid-level lapse rates will support a
    potential for isolated severe gusts and hail this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 08/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 19 05:59:40 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190559
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190557

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
    afternoon across the mid Mississippi Valley. Isolated severe gusts
    and hail will also be possible from the lower to mid Missouri Valley
    westward into the Great Plains. A few severe gusts could also occur
    in southern Arizona and in the Southeast.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough and an associated speed max will
    move southeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley today. At the
    surface, an outflow boundary associated with morning convection will
    move southward into southern Missouri by midday. To the north of the
    boundary, surface dewpoints will be in the 70s F. Moderate
    instability is expected to develop in areas that are not impacted by
    morning outflow. As low-level convergence becomes focused near the
    boundary during the late afternoon and early evening, isolated to
    scattered convective initiation is expected. From this convection, thunderstorms will likely develop and move eastward across the mid
    Mississippi. One or two organized line segments will be possible
    during the evening.

    Early evening RAP forecast soundings in south-central Missouri,
    where the strongest instability is expected, have 0-6 km shear
    around 40 knots with precipitable water near 2 inches. MLCAPE is
    expected to peak in the 2500 to 3000 J/kg range with 0-3 km lapse
    rates around 7.5 C/km. This environment will support a severe threat
    with supercells and multicell line segments. Severe wind gusts and
    hail will be the primary hazards. The severe threat could persist
    into the mid to late evening, with storms that are maintained by a
    low-level jet that is forecast to strengthen in southeast Missouri.

    ...Great Plains...
    Mid-level northwesterly flow will be in place across the Great
    Plains today. At the surface, dewpoints in the 60s and 70s F will
    contribute to moderate destabilization over much of the region.
    During the afternoon, isolated storm development will be possible
    within the unstable airmass from the lower to mid Missouri Valley
    southwestward into the central Plains. A few severe gusts and hail
    will be possible but the storms will remain isolated due to limited
    large-scale ascent. The greater convective coverage is expected
    further south in the higher terrain of eastern Colorado and
    northeast New Mexico. Thunderstorms will likely form due to
    topographic forcing during the mid to late afternoon and move east-southeastward into the lower elevations. Ahead of these storms,
    RAP forecast soundings at 00Z in the northern Texas Panhandle and
    southwest Kansas have 0-6 km shear around 40 knots with 0-3 km lapse
    rates near 8 C/km, and surface-temperature dewpoint spreads
    exceeding 30 degrees. This environment will support an isolated
    potential for severe gusts.

    ...Southern Arizona...
    Low-level moisture will be in place today across southern Arizona,
    where surface dewpoints will be mostly in the 50s F. As surface
    temperature warm, isolated to scattered convective initiation will
    occur in the higher terrain of southeastern Arizona. These storms
    will move west-southwestward toward an axis of instability. Steep
    low to mid-level lapse rates and large temperature-dewpoint spreads
    will support and isolated potential for severe gusts late this
    afternoon into early evening.

    ...Southeast...
    A very moist airmass will be in place today across the Southeast,
    where surface dewpoints will be in the 70s F. As surface
    temperatures warm, moderate instability will develop over much of
    the region. Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop and move
    southward across parts of Mississippi and western Alabama. The deep
    low-level moisture combined with steep low-level lapse rates will
    support an isolated wind-damage threat during the mid to late
    afternoon.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 08/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 19 12:57:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191255
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191254

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 AM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026

    Valid 191300Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE OZARKS
    INTO THE MID MS VALLEY AND SOUTHERN AZ....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
    afternoon across the mid Mississippi Valley. Isolated severe gusts
    and hail will also be possible from the lower to mid Missouri Valley
    westward into the Great Plains. A few severe gusts could also occur
    in southern Arizona and in the Southeast.

    ...Mid MO Valley...
    Early-morning satellite imagery depicts a low-amplitude shortwave
    trough moving through western SD/NE. Showers and thunderstorms are
    ongoing downstream of this wave across central/eastern SD and north-central/northeast NE. Recent surface analysis place a corridor
    of moderate low-level moisture (i.e. upper 60s dewpoints) from
    eastern NE northwestward to a weak surface low over central SD.
    Instability will likely build within this corridor as the shortwave
    continues eastward, potential resulting increasing thunderstorm
    coverage and intensity later this morning into the afternoon across
    eastern NE. Vertical shear will be strong enough for organized storm
    structures and the potential for a few supercells. This potential
    will be largely dictated by how much the airmass can destabilize
    amid the cloud cover and limited heating. Large hail is possible
    within the initially more cellular activity, but a transition to a
    more linear mode results in damaging gusts becoming the primary
    hazard with eastward/southeastward extent.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid MS Valley...
    Regional radar imagery shows a large cluster of showers and
    thunderstorms progressing across the region. A few stronger updrafts
    are possible within this cluster, but limited buoyancy downstream
    and a weakening low-level jet are forecast to result in gradually
    diminishing storm strength over the next few hours. The airmass is
    forecast to gradually recover in the wake of this cluster, with
    strong buoyancy (i.e. MLCAPE over 2000 J/kg) in place by the late
    afternoon. The shortwave trough mentioned in the preceding paragraph
    is forecast to continue southeastward, and ascent attendant to this
    wave coupled with weak low-level convergence along the cold front
    will support thunderstorm development within this destabilized
    airmass this evening. Strengthening mid-level flow will result in
    moderate to strong deep-layer vertical shear supportive of
    supercells. Large hail and damaging gusts are the primary hazards,
    but a strengthening low-level jet will result in enough low-level
    shear to support the potential for a few tornadoes as well. Storms
    will tend to cluster with eastward extent, with the threat for
    damaging gusts persisting within these bowing line segments.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    A somewhat secondary area of late afternoon/early evening
    thunderstorm development is anticipated from central IL into central
    IN and central OH. Moderate buoyancy and strong westerly flow aloft
    support the potential for isolated supercells capable of large hail
    and isolated damaging gusts.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...
    Surface analysis places 60s dewpoints into the Colorado Foothills
    this morning, increasing into the upper 60s farther east/southeast
    into southwest KS. Strong heating/mixing of this airmass is
    anticipated this afternoon, promoting the development of moderate
    buoyancy. Thunderstorm development is expected across the high
    terrain before then progressing eastward into the lower elevations.
    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft will be support organized storms
    structures, and large hail is possible along the Foothill.
    Thereafter, a trend towards an outflow-dominant storm mode will
    result in strong to severe gusts across portions of the
    central/southern High Plains. Higher probabilities may be needed in
    later outlooks if guidance continues to indicate increased coverage.


    ...AZ...
    The presence of monsoon moisture will support moderate buoyancy
    across the lower elevations of south-central AZ during the late
    afternoon. This should allow for storms that develop over the high
    terrain to maintain intensity as they process southwestward into the
    lower elevations this afternoon/evening. Steep low to mid-level
    lapse rates and large temperature-dewpoint spreads will support the
    potential for severe gusts.

    ...Southeast into northern FL...
    A very moist airmass (i.e. dewpoints in the 70s) will be in place
    today from MS into FL. Strong heating is anticipated, with high
    temperatures in the upper 90s across much of the region. As surface temperatures warm, moderate instability will develop, with scattered thunderstorms expected amid modest low-level convergence from MS
    into western/southern AL and across the FL Panhandle into northern
    FL. The deep low-level moisture combined with steep low-level lapse
    rates will support an isolated wind-damage threat during the mid to
    late afternoon.

    ..Mosier/Bunting.. 08/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 19 16:36:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191636
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191634

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1134 AM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026

    Valid 191630Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE MID AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND
    SOUTHERN ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and hail will be possible
    this afternoon across the lower to mid Missouri Valley, the mid
    Mississippi Valley, and southern Arizona.

    ...Mid MO Valley...
    Radar/visible satellite mosaic imagery depicts a small cluster of
    severe thunderstorms immediately ahead of a migratory shortwave
    trough moving southeast over the mid MO Valley. Some heating
    downstream of this activity will result in temperatures warming and
    the airmass gradually destabilizing amid filtered sunshine. Gradual
    upscale growth is underway and should continue into the early
    afternoon. Large hail and severe gusts 60-70 mph will be the
    primary severe hazards as this cluster moves into adjacent portions
    of NE/MO/IA later this afternoon.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid MS Valley...
    Residual showers/thunderstorms from an overnight MCS over the
    southeast MO into western KY vicinity will slowly dissipate this
    afternoon with greater heating ensuing in the wake of these storms.
    Models continue to show moderate destabilization by late this
    afternoon ahead of the MO Valley upper vort. Weak low-level
    convergence along an upstream cold front will support thunderstorm
    development within this destabilized airmass this evening.
    Strengthening mid-level flow will result in moderate to strong
    deep-layer vertical shear supportive of supercells. Models vary
    regarding the propensity for cellular mode to be maintained beyond
    the initial storm development phase, casting doubt on supercell
    longevity and tornado potential. Nonetheless, some strengthening of
    850-mb flow during the evening may enable some mesocyclone potential
    to persist, and an accompanying isolated risk for a tornado or two.
    Otherwise, storms will tend to cluster with eastward extent, with
    the threat for damaging gusts persisting within these bowing line
    segments.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    A somewhat secondary area of late afternoon/early evening
    thunderstorm development is anticipated from central IL into central
    IN and central OH. Moderate buoyancy and strong westerly flow aloft
    supports the potential for isolated supercells capable of large hail
    and isolated damaging gusts.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...
    A seasonably moist airmass will undergo strong heating/mixing and
    result in moderate buoyancy by mid-late afternoon. Thunderstorm
    development is expected across the higher terrain before then
    progressing eastward into the lower elevations. Moderate
    northwesterly flow aloft will support organized storms
    structures, and large hail is possible along the Foothills.
    Steep lapse rates and large temperature-dewpoint depressions will
    lead to outflow-dominant storms capable of severe gusts with the
    more intense cores/outflow.

    ...AZ...
    The presence of monsoon moisture will support moderate buoyancy
    across the lower elevations of south-central AZ during the late
    afternoon. Scattered storms are expected to eventually develop
    towards the early evening. Trends in model guidance showing a
    cluster potentially evolving within an adequately moist/inverted-V
    environment lend confidence in introducing a level 1 intensity
    highlight for peak gusts in the 70-80 mph range.

    ...Southeast into northern FL...
    A very moist airmass analyzed late this morning (mid to upper 70s F
    surface dewpoints) will remain in place along the Gulf Coast. Strong
    heating is anticipated, with high temperatures in the upper 90s
    across much of the region. As surface temperatures warm, moderate
    instability will develop, with scattered thunderstorms expected amid
    modest low-level convergence from MS into western/southern AL and
    across the FL Panhandle into northern FL. The deep low-level
    moisture combined with steep low-level lapse rates will support an
    isolated wind-damage threat during the mid to late afternoon.

    ..Smith/Wendt.. 08/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 19 19:59:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026

    Valid 192000Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND
    SOUTHERN ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and hail will be possible
    this afternoon across the lower Missouri Valley, the mid Mississippi
    Valley, and southern Arizona.

    ...20z Update...
    A compact, but severe, MCS has begun tracking eastward along a
    residual/diffuse frontal zone into southeast NE. Based on the recent
    18 UTC OAX RAOB, the MCS is beginning to orient more orthogonal to
    the deep-layer bulk shear vector, which should continue to promote
    storm organization and intensity. The potential for severe winds,
    including winds near 75 mph, should continue through late afternoon
    and early evening hours before moving into more stable air mass
    across north-central MO. See MCD #2041 for additional short-term
    details.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley/lower Ohio Valley...
    Recent GOES visible imagery and surface observations show
    temperatures rebounding into the low to mid 80s as skies clear ahead
    of an approaching mid-level wave. This destabilization appears to be
    on track with recent guidance, which suggests that initially discrete/semi-discrete storm development should begin by around
    22-00 UTC across south-central MO on the western fringe of the
    residual cold pool. Forecast soundings from this region depict
    elongated hodographs conducive for large hail, including the
    potential for hail up to 2 inches in diameter (based on sounding
    analogs and hodograph structure). Given a favorable kinematic
    environment, adequate buoyancy, and a signal in recent high-res
    ensemble guidance for strong convection, a CIG 1 hail contour has
    been introduced to portions of southern Missouri.

    Elsewhere, only minor modifications were made based on recent
    convective trends. See the discussion below and MCD #2040 for
    additional details.

    ..Moore.. 08/19/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1134 AM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026/

    ...Mid MO Valley...
    Radar/visible satellite mosaic imagery depicts a small cluster of
    severe thunderstorms immediately ahead of a migratory shortwave
    trough moving southeast over the mid MO Valley. Some heating
    downstream of this activity will result in temperatures warming and
    the airmass gradually destabilizing amid filtered sunshine. Gradual
    upscale growth is underway and should continue into the early
    afternoon. Large hail and severe gusts 60-70 mph will be the
    primary severe hazards as this cluster moves into adjacent portions
    of NE/MO/IA later this afternoon.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid MS Valley...
    Residual showers/thunderstorms from an overnight MCS over the
    southeast MO into western KY vicinity will slowly dissipate this
    afternoon with greater heating ensuing in the wake of these storms.
    Models continue to show moderate destabilization by late this
    afternoon ahead of the MO Valley upper vort. Weak low-level
    convergence along an upstream cold front will support thunderstorm
    development within this destabilized airmass this evening.
    Strengthening mid-level flow will result in moderate to strong
    deep-layer vertical shear supportive of supercells. Models vary
    regarding the propensity for cellular mode to be maintained beyond
    the initial storm development phase, casting doubt on supercell
    longevity and tornado potential. Nonetheless, some strengthening of
    850-mb flow during the evening may enable some mesocyclone potential
    to persist, and an accompanying isolated risk for a tornado or two.
    Otherwise, storms will tend to cluster with eastward extent, with
    the threat for damaging gusts persisting within these bowing line
    segments.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    A somewhat secondary area of late afternoon/early evening
    thunderstorm development is anticipated from central IL into central
    IN and central OH. Moderate buoyancy and strong westerly flow aloft
    supports the potential for isolated supercells capable of large hail
    and isolated damaging gusts.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...
    A seasonably moist airmass will undergo strong heating/mixing and
    result in moderate buoyancy by mid-late afternoon. Thunderstorm
    development is expected across the higher terrain before then
    progressing eastward into the lower elevations. Moderate
    northwesterly flow aloft will support organized storms
    structures, and large hail is possible along the Foothills.
    Steep lapse rates and large temperature-dewpoint depressions will
    lead to outflow-dominant storms capable of severe gusts with the
    more intense cores/outflow.

    ...AZ...
    The presence of monsoon moisture will support moderate buoyancy
    across the lower elevations of south-central AZ during the late
    afternoon. Scattered storms are expected to eventually develop
    towards the early evening. Trends in model guidance showing a
    cluster potentially evolving within an adequately moist/inverted-V
    environment lend confidence in introducing a level 1 intensity
    highlight for peak gusts in the 70-80 mph range.

    ...Southeast into northern FL...
    A very moist airmass analyzed late this morning (mid to upper 70s F
    surface dewpoints) will remain in place along the Gulf Coast. Strong
    heating is anticipated, with high temperatures in the upper 90s
    across much of the region. As surface temperatures warm, moderate
    instability will develop, with scattered thunderstorms expected amid
    modest low-level convergence from MS into western/southern AL and
    across the FL Panhandle into northern FL. The deep low-level
    moisture combined with steep low-level lapse rates will support an
    isolated wind-damage threat during the mid to late afternoon.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 20 01:02:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed Aug 19 2026

    Valid 200100Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE MID
    MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS AND SOUTHERN ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and hail remain possible
    this evening across the mid Mississippi and lower Ohio Valleys and
    southern Arizona. More isolated strong storms are possible through
    the evening across parts of the central/southern High Plains and
    parts of the Southeast.

    ...Mid MS Valley to the lower OH Valley.
    Evening water vapor imagery showed a broad trough and enhanced
    northwesterly mid-level flow stretching from the southern Dakotas
    into the mid MS Valley. Downstream of a flattened upper ridge over
    the Southwest, this trough and stronger flow aloft should continue
    eastward this evening aiding in thunderstorm development across
    parts of the Mid MS and lower OH valleys this evening.

    Several clusters of storms are already ongoing this evening near a
    diffuse frontal zone across MO and into southern IL and western KY.
    As the upper trough approaches, ascent form a 30+ kt southwesterly
    low-level jet may support an increase in storm coverage, possibly
    along the flank of the exist cluster in MO and farther south along
    the frontal zone later this evening. Moderate, and likely somewhat
    elevated buoyancy (2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE), and 40-50 kt of
    deep-layer shear will favor organized clusters or supercell
    structures. Hail is possible, along with some damaging winds and
    perhaps a tornado, especially if storms can develop into a more
    coherent MCS. These storms should spread eastward overnight into the
    lower OH Valley with a continued severe risk.

    ...Central and southern High Plains...
    Scattered thunderstorms, including a few supercells are ongoing
    across the central and southern High Plains within a broad upslope
    flow regime. Aided by an upper trough with moderate northwesterly
    flow aloft, organized storms structures capable of large hail should
    continue along the Foothills and adjacent high plains this evening.
    Steep lapse rates and large temperature-dew point depressions may
    also favor a few severe gusts with the more intense cores/clusters
    that can develop.

    ...AZ...
    Scattered storms across the higher terrain of southern AZ should
    continue to move toward the southwest into the Lower Deserts this
    evening. Adequate monsoon moisture amid very hot temperatures (100
    F+) and steep low-level lapse rates will support strong downdrafts
    with severe gusts of 60-75 mph possible.

    ...Southeast...
    Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing early this evening from MS into western/southern AL and across the FL Panhandle in association with
    a weak MCV. A warm boundary layer and seasonably high moisture
    content should continue to support scattered strong storms through
    this evening. PWATs over 2 inches will favor strong water-loaded
    downdrafts with isolated damaging gusts potential. Storms should
    gradually diminish in coverage and intensity tonight as the boundary
    layer stabilizes.

    ..Lyons.. 08/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 20 06:02:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID ATLANTIC...THE MIDWEST AND CENTRAL PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible today and tonight across parts
    of the Mid Atlantic, posing a risk for damaging wind gusts. Large
    hail and isolated wind damage will be possible with severe storms
    from Nebraska into northwest Wisconsin.

    ...Mid Atlantic and central Appalachians...
    A shortwave trough embedded within broader northwesterly flow aloft
    is forecast to move eastward from the OH valley into the Mid
    Atlantic through today. Embedded within a broader upper trough over
    the eastern Great Lakes, this shortwave perturbation will serve as a
    focus for convective development across the Mid Atlantic and central Appalachians this afternoon. As ascent overspreads the area, a warm
    front is forecast to lift northward across southern PA, northern MD
    into NJ and southern NY.

    South of the front, a very moist air mass (dewpoints in the 70s F)
    will lift northward. Despite poor low and mid-level lapse rates,
    moderate buoyancy is expected south of the front and ahead of a
    trailing lee trough into southern VA. Ongoing storms from a remnant
    morning cluster may reintensify as they cross the Appalachians late
    morning and early afternoon. Additional, possibly discrete,
    development may occur east of the Blue Ridge and across the higher
    terrain of southern PA and northern MD near the front by late
    morning. 40-50 kt of deep-layer shear ahead of the front is forecast
    to support a mix of supercells and line segments. Damaging winds and
    isolated severe gusts appear probable. Enlarged low-level hodographs
    near the front may also support a couple of tornadoes and marginally
    severe hail with any more robust QLCS segments or supercells.

    ...Central Plains...
    Strong northwesterly flow aloft will overspread a cold front moving
    southward from the western Great Lakes into the central Plains.
    Ahead of the front, warm temperatures and dewpoints in the mid to
    upper 60s F will support moderate to large buoyancy by mid
    afternoon. A shortwave impulse within the broader trough should
    overspread the destabilizing air mass and aide in convective
    development along the front across MN and SD, and farther south near
    the front and surface trough intersection in central NE.

    Forecast soundings show supercell wind profiles, with
    elongated/straight hodographs aloft. Isolated to widely scattered
    storms will develop by late afternoon/early evening, posing a risk
    for large hail, severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado. Some
    significant hail (greater than 2 inch diameter) is possible across
    the southern risk area given steeper mid-level lapse rates/cool
    temperatures aloft and somewhat deeper low-level moisture. Some risk
    for isolated damaging gusts may persist into the early overnight
    across southern NE and northern KS if clustering can occur.

    ...Southeast...
    South of the primary upper wave over parts of the Western Carolinas
    and TN Valley, a surface trough in the lee of the Appalachians may
    focus convective development during the afternoon. A few stronger
    clusters with damaging gusts are possible, though weaker flow aloft
    suggests more limited storm organization.

    Additional scattered thunderstorms are expected again this afternoon
    within a seasonably hot and humid air mass across the southeast and
    lower MS Valley. Convective coverage is likely to focus along a
    weakening cold front sagging southward across parts of AR/LA and
    western MS and near a weak MCV across the central Gulf Coast. With
    PWATs upwards of 2 inches, some potential for wet microbursts are
    possible with the stronger storm clusters through early evening.

    ...AZ...
    Strong heating beneath a prominent upper ridge will support another
    round of scattered thunderstorms this afternoon and evening.
    Seasonably rich monsoon moisture (dewpoints in the upper 50s to 60s
    F) will support moderate destabilization amid modest easterly
    mid-level flow. A few high-based clusters are possible, initially
    over the higher terrain, before expanding west and south into the
    lower elevations. This could support a few severe gusts given steep
    lapse rates.

    ..Lyons/Thornton.. 08/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 20 12:48:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201248
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201246

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 AM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026

    Valid 201300Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND FROM THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE UPPER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible today and tonight across parts
    of the Mid Atlantic, posing a risk for damaging wind gusts. Large
    hail and isolated wind damage will be possible with severe storms
    from Nebraska into northwest Wisconsin.

    ...Central Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Broad upper troughing currently extends from the northern Plains
    through New England, with an embedded shortwave trough progressing
    across the Mid MS Valley into the Lower OH Valley. Showers and
    thunderstorms are ongoing ahead of this shortwave, and the
    expectation is that these showers and thunderstorms will continue
    weakening this morning. A moist airmass is in place downstream of
    this wave (i.e. from the central Appalachians and upper OH Valley
    into the Mid-Atlantic), and reintensification and/or new development
    is expected ahead of this wave as it continues northeastward into
    this diurnally destabilized region.

    Surface low associated with this wave is currently over the IN/OH/KY
    border vicinity. This low is forecast to deepen slightly as it moves northeastward just ahead of the parent shortwave trough. Modest
    low-level moisture advection will precede this low, and a warm front
    is forecast to lift northward across southern PA, northern MD, and
    most of NJ. Despite poor lapse rates, ample low-level moisture south
    of the front will support moderate buoyancy. Reintensification
    and/or new thunderstorm development is expected first near the Blue
    Ridge and across the higher terrain of southern PA and northern MD
    before increasing in coverage and intensity with eastward extent. A
    belt of slightly stronger mid-level flow will precede the shortwave,
    resulting 40 to 50 kt of effective bulk shear. This is more than
    sufficient to support a mix of supercells and organized line
    segments. Damaging wind gusts will be the primary risk, but
    southerly winds will enlarge low-level hodographs from the Delmarva
    into central NJ, supporting the potential for a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Carolinas into the Southeast...
    Ample low-level moisture and strong heating will result in an
    unstable airmass from the Carolinas into much of the Southeast.
    Low-level convergence along a cold front that will extend from the
    western Carolinas into AR this afternoon will result in scattered
    thunderstorm coverage. Vertical shear will be weak, and an
    outflow-dominant storm structure is anticipated. Even so, moderate
    to strong buoyancy and ample moisture (PW around 2") will support
    occasionally strong water-loaded downbursts, particularly from
    western TN into AL and MS where high temperatures in the upper 90s
    are anticipated.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper MS Valley...
    A reservoir of greater low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints in the
    upper 60s) currently extends from AR/eastern OK northwestward across
    much of KS and into NE. Modest low-level moisture advection is
    anticipated throughout this corridor today, as a tightening surface
    pressure gradient results in stronger southerly surface winds. Mid
    60s dewpoints could reach as far north as southwest MN. Moderate to
    strong buoyancy will develop within this corridor, with the greatest
    buoyancy likely from the CO/KS/NE border vicinity northeastward into
    southeast SD. At the same time, a cold front will progress
    southeastward across western MN, central SD and western NE,
    interacting with this buoyancy to support thunderstorm development. Thunderstorm initiation is anticipated first across the Upper MS
    Valley before expanding southwestward.

    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft will support supercell wind
    profiles, with elongated/straight hodographs, and the threat for all
    severe hazards. Large to very large hail (i.e. greater than 2 inch
    diameter) will be the primary severe hazard, particularly during the
    early evening as the storms move into greater instability. Isolated
    strong to severe gusts (i.e. 55 to 75 mph) are possible as well.
    Given the supercellular storm mode and low-level southerly flow, a low-probability tornado risk also exists.
    Some risk for isolated damaging gusts may persist into the early
    overnight across southern NE and northern KS if clustering can
    occur.

    ...AZ...
    Another round of scattered thunderstorms this afternoon and evening
    amid seasonably rich monsoon moisture (dewpoints in the upper 50s to
    60s F) and moderate buoyancy. The lower elevations will be
    characterized by greater convective inhibition than yesterday, with
    the overall buoyancy slightly lower as well. Consequently, despite a
    similar upper pattern, the overall potential for strong gusts is
    expected to be lower than yesterday. Even so, isolated gusts are
    still possible as storms move off the high terrain into the deeply
    mixed airmass over the lower elevations.

    ..Mosier/Bunting.. 08/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 20 16:35:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201635
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201633

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1133 AM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026

    Valid 201630Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST...AND FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible this afternoon into this
    evening across parts of the Mid Atlantic, posing a risk for a couple
    of tornadoes and damaging wind gusts. Large hail and isolated wind
    damage will be possible late today into tonight with severe storms
    from Nebraska into northwest Wisconsin. Scattered damaging gusts
    are possible over parts of the Deep South this afternoon into the
    early evening.

    ...Central Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Radar mosaic late this morning showed a couple of weak convectively
    related vorticity maxima moving east across the central and southern Appalachians (i.e., southwest PA, eastern KY). One of these lead
    disturbances was sampled by the WSR-88D VAD at Jackson, KY, with an
    upstream shortwave trough over the OH Valley moving towards the
    Mid-Atlantic states.

    The airmass across the Mid-Atlantic into the Carolinas will continue
    to heat amid patchy but thinning cloud cover. Model guidance shows
    moderate buoyancy developing by early to mid afternoon from the
    southern Appalachians northward into the northern Mid-Atlantic
    region. A belt of stronger 700-500 mb westerly flow (30-45 kt) will
    overspread the northern half of VA northward into PA/NJ. Beneath
    this stronger flow, southerly low-level flow veering and
    strengthening with height will support hodographs favorable for
    organized severe storms, including supercells and organized line
    segments. The latest model guidance shows a few simulated
    supercells developing in the area centered over MD and the upper
    Chesapeake Bay vicinity during the 20-00z timeframe. This scenario
    seems plausible given some low-level enlargement to the hodograph
    and effective shear around 40 kt. A tendency for upscale growth
    into a line segment is expected as this activity moves east towards
    the coast during the evening. A couple of supercell tornadoes are
    possible with this activity, in addition to a line-embedded
    mesovortex and scattered damaging gusts.

    ...Carolinas into the TN Valley and lower MS Valley...
    Ample low-level moisture and strong heating will result in an
    unstable airmass from the Carolinas into much of the Southeast.
    Low-level convergence along a cold front that will extend from the
    western Carolinas into AR this afternoon will result in scattered
    thunderstorm coverage as 2500-4000 J/kg MLCAPE develops by mid
    afternoon. High PW (in excess of 2 inches) and steep 0-3 km lapse
    rates and modest westerly to west-northwesterly flow will favor
    damaging downbursts with the stronger southeast-moving clusters.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper MS Valley...
    A tongue of relatively rich low-level moisture (mainly 60s F surface
    dewpoints) will extend from the central Great Plains northward ahead
    of a cold front, which is forecast to be draped from western MN into
    western NE this afternoon. Thunderstorm initiation is anticipated
    first across the Upper MS Valley before expanding southwestward.

    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft will support supercell wind
    profiles, with elongated/straight hodographs, and the threat for all
    severe hazards. Large to very large hail (i.e. greater than 2 inch
    diameter) will be the primary severe hazard, particularly during the
    early evening as the storms move into greater instability. Isolated
    strong to severe gusts (i.e. 55 to 75 mph) are possible as well.
    Given the supercellular storm mode and low-level southerly flow, a low-probability tornado risk also exists. Some risk for isolated
    damaging gusts may persist into the early overnight across southern
    NE and northern KS if clustering can
    occur.

    ...AZ...
    Not much change from prior forecast thinking in that isolated to
    widely scattered storms are forecast but a generally lower risk for
    severe gusts is anticipated later today into this evening. Steep
    lapse rates and inverted-V profiles will support an isolated risk
    for severe gusts with the more intense downdrafts.

    ..Smith/Wendt.. 08/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 20 19:57:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201957
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026

    Valid 202000Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST...AND FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible this afternoon into this
    evening across parts of the Mid Atlantic, posing a risk for a couple
    of tornadoes and damaging wind gusts. Large hail and isolated wind
    damage will be possible late today into tonight with severe storms
    from Nebraska into northwest Wisconsin. Scattered damaging gusts
    are possible over parts of the Deep South this afternoon into the
    early evening.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor
    adjustments made based on recent convective trends and recent
    guidance. Regional radar mosaics show the development of discrete
    and semi-discrete supercells across the northern MD into southern PA
    ahead of a mid-level perturbation and weak cold front. The recent 18
    UTC IAD sounding sampled modest buoyancy (around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE),
    which seems to be more marginal compared to recent RAP mesoanalysis
    MLCAPE depictions. Nonetheless, strong shear was sampled by this
    RAOB, including just under 200 m2/s2 effective SRH. This environment
    likely exists downstream into far southeast PA and western NJ and
    warranted a slight northward expansion of the CIG1 tornado contour.
    Confidence in convective coverage with southwestward extent into
    southern VA and NC remains limited based on trends in
    radar/satellite trends and latest high-res guidance. Other forecast
    thoughts outlined in the previous discussion below remain on track.


    ...Northern MS/AL...
    Convection is developing along/ahead of a weak surface front and
    mid-level wave across southeast AR into northern MS. This aligns
    well with recent guidance, especially RRFS solutions, which depict
    increasing thunderstorm coverage through early evening. Wind and
    hail probabilities have been adjusted slightly across northern
    AL/southern TN to reflect these solutions and capture areas where
    air mass recovery continues.

    ...Northern MN...
    A surface low is becoming apparent in surface observations and GOES
    visible imagery across northern MN with early stages of convection
    noted over the past 45 minutes. With 64-66 F dewpoints spreading
    north towards north-central MN, some potential exists for more
    robust convection than previously depicted by guidance. Recent
    RRFS/HRRR time-lagged ensembles have also trended slightly north
    with the strongest UH signals, which matches these recent
    observations and warranted a northward expansion of probabilities.

    Elsewhere, the forecast outlined below remains on track. See MCD
    #2053 for additional short-term details regarding the near-term
    severe threat across north-central NE.

    ..Moore.. 08/20/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1133 AM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026/

    ...Central Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Radar mosaic late this morning showed a couple of weak convectively
    related vorticity maxima moving east across the central and southern Appalachians (i.e., southwest PA, eastern KY). One of these lead
    disturbances was sampled by the WSR-88D VAD at Jackson, KY, with an
    upstream shortwave trough over the OH Valley moving towards the
    Mid-Atlantic states.

    The airmass across the Mid-Atlantic into the Carolinas will continue
    to heat amid patchy but thinning cloud cover. Model guidance shows
    moderate buoyancy developing by early to mid afternoon from the
    southern Appalachians northward into the northern Mid-Atlantic
    region. A belt of stronger 700-500 mb westerly flow (30-45 kt) will
    overspread the northern half of VA northward into PA/NJ. Beneath
    this stronger flow, southerly low-level flow veering and
    strengthening with height will support hodographs favorable for
    organized severe storms, including supercells and organized line
    segments. The latest model guidance shows a few simulated
    supercells developing in the area centered over MD and the upper
    Chesapeake Bay vicinity during the 20-00z timeframe. This scenario
    seems plausible given some low-level enlargement to the hodograph
    and effective shear around 40 kt. A tendency for upscale growth
    into a line segment is expected as this activity moves east towards
    the coast during the evening. A couple of supercell tornadoes are
    possible with this activity, in addition to a line-embedded
    mesovortex and scattered damaging gusts.

    ...Carolinas into the TN Valley and lower MS Valley...
    Ample low-level moisture and strong heating will result in an
    unstable airmass from the Carolinas into much of the Southeast.
    Low-level convergence along a cold front that will extend from the
    western Carolinas into AR this afternoon will result in scattered
    thunderstorm coverage as 2500-4000 J/kg MLCAPE develops by mid
    afternoon. High PW (in excess of 2 inches) and steep 0-3 km lapse
    rates and modest westerly to west-northwesterly flow will favor
    damaging downbursts with the stronger southeast-moving clusters.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper MS Valley...
    A tongue of relatively rich low-level moisture (mainly 60s F surface
    dewpoints) will extend from the central Great Plains northward ahead
    of a cold front, which is forecast to be draped from western MN into
    western NE this afternoon. Thunderstorm initiation is anticipated
    first across the Upper MS Valley before expanding southwestward.

    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft will support supercell wind
    profiles, with elongated/straight hodographs, and the threat for all
    severe hazards. Large to very large hail (i.e. greater than 2 inch
    diameter) will be the primary severe hazard, particularly during the
    early evening as the storms move into greater instability. Isolated
    strong to severe gusts (i.e. 55 to 75 mph) are possible as well.
    Given the supercellular storm mode and low-level southerly flow, a low-probability tornado risk also exists. Some risk for isolated
    damaging gusts may persist into the early overnight across southern
    NE and northern KS if clustering can
    occur.

    ...AZ...
    Not much change from prior forecast thinking in that isolated to
    widely scattered storms are forecast but a generally lower risk for
    severe gusts is anticipated later today into this evening. Steep
    lapse rates and inverted-V profiles will support an isolated risk
    for severe gusts with the more intense downdrafts.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 21 00:54:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210054
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210052

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 PM CDT Thu Aug 20 2026

    Valid 210100Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST TO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...THE SOUTHEAST AND MID
    ATLANTIC TO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms remain likely this evening across parts of
    the southern Mid Atlantic and Appalachians with a risk for damaging
    wind gusts and a brief tornado. Large hail and isolated damaging
    winds are expected with severe storms from Nebraska into Wisconsin
    and Minnesota. Scattered damaging gusts are possible over parts of
    the Deep South this evening.

    ...Mid Atlantic into the TN valley and the Carolinas...
    Evening water vapor imagery showed a shortwave trough moving across
    southern PA and the DelMarVa toward the Atlantic Coast this evening.
    Numerous thunderstorms were ongoing ahead of the upper wave near a
    frontal zone from southern NY and PA southward into VA. As the wave
    moves offshore through the remainder of this evening, the front will
    begin to surge eastward with the associated moist and unstable air
    mass eventually moving offshore with it. Damaging gusts and a brief
    tornado will remain possible with a mix of supercells and line
    segments ahead of the front before moving offshore late this
    evening.

    Farther south, more isolated convection remains ongoing across
    southern VA and the western Carolinas. Displaced from the stronger
    ascent of the passing shortwave trough and flow aloft, storm
    coverage should remain lower here. However, moderate buoyancy and
    25-35 kt of deep-layer shear will support some risk for organized storms/clusters with damaging gusts into the early overnight hours
    across eastern TN, northern AL and the western Carolinas.

    ...Midwest and central Plains...
    Isolated to widely scattered strong/severe thunderstorms have
    developed and should continue to do so ahead of a cold front and
    surface trough from northern MN, the eastern Dakotas and into NE
    this evening. Moderate to large buoyancy and strong northwesterly
    flow will remain favorable for organized supercells with hail and
    severe gusts. An isolated tornado and very large hail are also
    possible, particularly from eastern SD into NE where locally
    stronger buoyancy may support maximum diameters of 2-3 inches.

    Some clustering and a local increase in the damaging wind risk may
    occur across southern NE and northern KS this evening as storms move
    nearly due south. Very hot surface temperatures and steep lapse
    rates in low-levels could support few gusts of 65-75+ mph before
    convection slowly weakens after sunset.

    ...Southeast...
    Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing ahead of a weak cold front from southeastern OK, into southern AR and LS/MS this evening. Additional
    scattered storms were noted near a weak MCV along the central Gulf
    Coast. Modestly enhanced northwesterly flow may maintain a few
    stronger clusters through this evening within a warm and seasonably
    moist air mass. While mid-level lapse rates are generally poor,
    2000-3000 J/kg of MLCAPE and PWATs over 2 inches will support some
    potential for damaging gusts with stronger downdrafts and storm
    clusters.

    ...AZ...
    Beneath the upper ridge, scattered thunderstorms are ongoing this
    evening mostly over the higher terrain of central AZ. Expectations
    are for these storms to persist this evening owing to very hot
    surface temperatures and a seasonably moist boundary layer. Steep
    lapse rates and inverted-V profiles will support an isolated risk
    for severe gusts with the more intense downdrafts this evening.

    ..Lyons.. 08/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 21 05:59:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210558
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210556

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...THE MIDWEST AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered damaging hail (some greater than 2 inch diameter) and
    severe wind gusts may occur over parts of the central Plains this
    afternoon and evening. Scattered storms, some with severe wind gusts
    and hail, also are possible across parts of the Midwest. Scattered
    to numerous storms with damaging wind guts are possible over the
    Carolinas and Southeast.

    ...Central Plains...
    Mid-level ridging over the western US is forecast to intensify,
    strengthening northwesterly flow aloft over much of the central US.
    Several embedded disturbances will pass overhead with the enhanced northwesterlies through the day. A surface low will move
    southeastward through the Great Lakes as a weak trailing cold front
    moves southward through the central Plains and Midwest.

    Ahead of the front, a plume of steep mid-level lapse rates will
    shift eastward across the central Plains toward the Mid-MO Valley
    atop a corridor of rich low-level moisture. Diurnal destabilization
    should result in 3000-4000 J/kg of MLCAPE from SD to NE. Isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected from the Black
    Hills southeastward along the cold front. Elongated/straight
    hodographs and 45+ kt effective shear will favor initial supercells.
    Large to very large hail (some greater than 2 inches diameter) will
    be possible. With time, a forward propagating cluster or two may
    develop and move southeast across parts of NE and KS with the
    potential for severe gusts (a few near 70-80 mph). It is unclear
    exactly how far southeast any storms will persist overnight, but any
    more substantial clustering could allow at least an isolated severe
    threat to continue into early Saturday.

    A much drier and hotter environment over the High Plains to the west
    could also support isolated to widely scattered high-based storms
    from eastern CO into western KS. Very steep lapse rates in the
    lowest 2-3 km with modest buoyancy aloft could allow a few severe
    gusts.

    ...Midwest...
    Beneath the upper trough over the western Great Lakes, cool
    mid-level temperatures and robust surface moisture should result in
    moderate destabilization from WI into eastern IA and northwest IL.
    Scattered thunderstorms by mid afternoon ahead of the cold front
    spreading southeastward. Enhanced northwesterly flow with deep-layer
    shear of 30-40 kt will promote a mix of organized clusters and
    supercells. The large buoyancy will support a risk for damaging
    gusts and some hail.

    ...Southeast and Gulf Coast...
    A broad upper trough will move across the central US into parts of
    the southern Appalachians while a weak cold front moves southward
    from the mid Atlantic today and tonight. Weak ascent from the upper
    trough and near the front should focus diurnal thunderstorm activity
    across the Carolians and southern Appalachians. Warm surface
    temperatures and plentiful boundary-layer moisture will support
    large buoyancy (3000+ J/kg MLCAPE) through the afternoon and evening
    despite modest mid-level lapse rates. With scattered to numerous
    storms expected, a few organized clusters may emerge with a risk
    primarily for damaging wind gusts. Slight enhancement of the
    westerly flow aloft could also support some isolated hail with the
    stronger updrafts.

    Farther south and west, a very humid and warm air mass is forecast
    to become strongly unstable by early afternoon across the lower MS
    Valley and Gulf Coast. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are
    expected along prior outflows and a weak, southward moving cold
    front from East TX into LA/MS. The very strong buoyancy and high
    PWAT content will support clustering and strong downdrafts with
    sporadic damaging gust potential. Otherwise, weak vertical shear
    will limit overall organization.

    ..Lyons/Weinman.. 08/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 21 12:44:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211244
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211242

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0742 AM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026

    Valid 211300Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...MIDWEST...AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail (some
    2+ inches) and severe winds may occur over parts of the central
    Plains into the Midwest this afternoon and evening. Damaging winds
    will also be possible with scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    across portions of the Carolinas and Southeast.

    ...Central Plains into the Midwest...
    Elevated and widely spaced thunderstorms have developed this morning
    from far southwest SD into central NE, and separately across eastern
    OK. Weak low-level warm/moist advection is aiding this activity, and
    ascent associated with a northwesterly mid/upper-level jet may also
    be supporting the central Plains convection. Evolution of the
    ongoing thunderstorms across NE remains unclear, as the airmass
    downstream into southeast NE/northern KS will gradually destabilize
    through the day. One possibility is for convection to slowly
    strengthen and eventually develop into a bowing cluster this
    afternoon across these areas, with an associated risk for
    severe/damaging winds.

    Another scenario is for this morning activity to weaken, and then
    for isolated supercells to potentially develop later today in a
    rather unstable airmass and strongly sheared mid/upper-level
    northwesterly flow regime along/south of a front. Large hail (some
    2+ inches) would be a threat with any sustained supercells, and
    severe gusts could also occur as lapse rates become steepened.
    Either scenario appears plausible, with recent high-resolution
    guidance varying on possible solutions, including the potential for
    one or more clusters to develop and persist tonight. Have therefore
    maintained the Slight Risk across the central Plains with minimal
    changes.

    Thunderstorms are also occurring this morning over parts of WI to
    the east of a weak surface low and associated mid-level
    perturbation. While effective bulk shear is forecast to remain
    fairly modest (around 20-30 kt), a mix of multicells and marginal
    supercells is expected to develop later this afternoon across parts
    of southern WI into northern/central IL along and ahead of a weak
    front. Severe hail may occur with any persistent cells, while the
    threat for damaging winds should increase as small clusters form and
    spread east-southeastward through the early evening. While low-level
    flow is not forecast to become overly strong, sufficient veering
    with height through low/mid levels should exist to support modest
    low-level hodograph curvature and some risk for a brief tornado.

    ...Carolinas into the Southeast/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Convection continues this morning along/ahead of a surface cold
    front from central AL northeastward into the western NC. Modest
    large-scale ascent associated with a weak mid-level shortwave trough
    over the TN Valley is likely aiding this activity. Around 20-30 kt
    of mid-level flow should be present today over parts of the
    Carolinas, with similar values of deep-layer shear forecast.
    Moderate to locally strong instability is expected to develop this
    afternoon ahead of the front across the central/eastern Carolinas,
    as a rather moist low-level airmass remains over these areas.
    Thunderstorms should gradually increase in both coverage and
    intensity this afternoon, with sufficient deep-layer shear for some
    updraft organization. Multicell clusters capable of producing
    isolated to scattered damaging winds should be the main threat as
    low-level lapse rates become steepened with filtered daytime
    heating. Still, some of the stronger cores could produce occasional
    hail as well, even though lapse rates aloft appear poor. This
    convection will spread towards the Atlantic Coast through the
    afternoon/early evening before eventually weakening with the loss of
    daytime heating.

    Farther south across the Gulf Coast states into the lower MS Valley,
    mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear are forecast to be
    weaker (generally less than 20 kt). Even so, at least an isolated
    threat for damaging winds should exist with scattered thunderstorms
    that develop along/south of the front and spread southward through
    the afternoon, as the airmass should become quite unstable with
    robust diurnal heating.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 21 16:25:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211625
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211624

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 AM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026

    Valid 211630Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...MIDWEST...LOWER MS VALLEY...AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail (some
    2+ inches) and severe winds may occur over parts of the central
    Plains into the Midwest this afternoon and evening. Damaging winds
    will also be possible with scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    across portions of the Carolinas and northern Gulf Coast states.

    ...Central Plains into the Midwest...
    A northwest flow regime will result in a weakly forced and in a
    limited confidence severe setup across the central Plains. Ongoing
    widely scattered storm activity may persist and reinvigorate during
    the afternoon, or new development occurs along residual outflow as
    the airmass becomes moderately to strongly unstable. Forecast
    sounding profiles show moist low levels beneath steep 700-500 mb
    lapse rates amid veering and strengthening flow with height. Large
    hail (some 2+ inches) would be a threat with any sustained
    supercells along with severe gusts (60-75 mph). If a small cluster
    can eventually develop, the severe-wind hazard would likely focus
    with these potential storms.

    A small west to east oriented band of storms is moving south across
    southern WI to the east of a weak surface low and immediately
    downstream of an associated mid-level perturbation. While effective
    bulk shear is forecast to remain fairly modest (around 20-30 kt), a
    mix of multicells and marginal supercells is expected to develop
    later this afternoon across parts of southern WI into
    northern/central IL along and ahead of a weak front. Severe hail
    may occur with any persistent cells, while the threat for damaging
    winds should increase as small clusters form and spread
    east-southeastward through the early evening. While low-level
    flow is not forecast to become overly strong, sufficient veering
    with height through low/mid levels should exist to support modest
    low-level hodograph curvature and some risk for a brief tornado.

    ...Carolinas...
    Weakened shower/thunderstorm activity associated with an MCV over
    the western Carolinas will likely dissipate during the early
    afternoon. However, renewed storm development is forecast in
    proximity to this upper disturbance, as well as near residual
    outflow from the earlier convection and a surface cool front draped
    from the GA/SC Piedmont northeastward into the coastal plain of
    eastern NC. Strong heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer
    will result in strong instability by mid afternoon. Sufficient
    deep-layer shear for some organized multicell potential will be
    greatest near the upper-level feature. Farther southeast near the
    SC Low Country, weaker flow will result in a pulse thunderstorm
    mode. Scattered damaging gusts are possible with the stronger
    thunderstorms through the early evening before nocturnal stability
    weakens storms and ends the severe threat.

    ...North TX east into northern Gulf Coast states...
    Antecedent outflow from overnight storm clusters over the lower MS
    Valley and AL will serve as a focus for storm development this
    afternoon. Farther west, a more pronounced decaying MCS and
    associated southward-moving MCV over east-central OK will also focus
    storm activity across east TX into western LA. The 12 UTC Little
    Rock raob showed a belt of enhanced flow around the 4-5 km layer
    (35-40 kt). Other than a localized corridor where moderate
    northerly flow will overspread a strongly destabilizing boundary
    layer, slightly weaker northerly to northeasterly flow will
    encompass this larger region from north TX to Mobile Bay.
    Nonetheless, the development of very steep 0-3 km lapse rates (9 deg
    C/km) by early to mid afternoon and high PW (1.75-2.0 inches) will
    support scattered wind damage with the more intense downdrafts (most
    likely and concentrated from east TX through southern MS).

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Snake Valley...
    A mid-level vorticity max rotating northward around the western
    periphery of the Four Corners upper high, will move into northern
    NV/UT by late afternoon. Deep inverted-V profiles will develop by
    mid afternoon with a dry sub-cloud layer featuring large surface temperature-dewpoint spreads. A linear cluster of storms is
    expected to evolve and move north across the NV/UT/ID vicinity
    during the late afternoon and early evening. Evaporatively cooled
    downdrafts will be potentially capable of severe gusts 60-75 mph.

    ..Smith/Chalmers.. 08/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 21 20:02:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 212002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 212000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026

    Valid 212000Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...MIDWEST...LOWER MS VALLEY...AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail (some
    2+ inches) and severe winds may occur over parts of the central
    Plains into the Midwest this afternoon and evening. Damaging winds
    also remain possible with scattered to numerous thunderstorms across
    portions of the Carolinas and northern Gulf Coast states.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Lower MS Valley and Carolinas...
    The forecast generally remains on track with only a minor eastward
    expansion of the 15% wind probabilities in southern Alabama and the
    far western Florida Panhandle. Modestly stronger low-to-mid level
    flow (evident in the MOB VWP) and favorable thermodynamic profiles
    (steep low-level lapse rates and high PW) should support stronger
    downbursts and scattered damaging wind gusts, similar to areas
    farther east. See Mesoscale Discussion #2069 for additional
    short-term details.

    ...Midwest...
    The Level 1/Marginal risk and Level 2/Slight risk areas were
    expanded slightly northwestward based on observed convective
    development ongoing across as of 1945 UTC across southwestern
    Wisconsin. Some consideration was given to adding a targeted 5%
    tornado probability area along the remnant outflow boundary
    extending from southeast of Rockford, IL, into southwestern
    Wisconsin; however, uncertainty regarding the longevity of a
    supercellular storm mode (owing to the potential for cell
    mergers/interactions) and the presence of only modest low-level
    hodograph curvature/SRH precludes a 5% area at this time. See
    Mesoscale Discussion #2070 for additional short-term details.

    ...Central Plains...
    Latest high-res guidance has poorly captured the evolution of
    morning and ongoing convection across portions of central and
    eastern Nebraska through early this afternoon, which lends
    uncertainty to the evolution of the severe threat through the rest
    of the period. Given the continued potential for ongoing convection
    to intensify and/or for additional redevelopment through the
    evening, however, severe probabilities have been maintained with
    only minor expansions made to the CIG1 wind and hail areas.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Snake Valley...
    Convective development is ongoing across portions of central/eastern
    Nevada, with thunderstorms forecast to evolve northward through the
    afternoon. The 5% wind probabilities and CIG1 area were expanded
    westward and northward based on the placement of ongoing
    thunderstorm activity and the latest HRRR/RRFS runs.

    ..Chalmers/Moore.. 08/21/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1124 AM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026/

    ...Central Plains into the Midwest...
    A northwest flow regime will result in a weakly forced and in a
    limited confidence severe setup across the central Plains. Ongoing
    widely scattered storm activity may persist and reinvigorate during
    the afternoon, or new development occurs along residual outflow as
    the airmass becomes moderately to strongly unstable. Forecast
    sounding profiles show moist low levels beneath steep 700-500 mb
    lapse rates amid veering and strengthening flow with height. Large
    hail (some 2+ inches) would be a threat with any sustained
    supercells along with severe gusts (60-75 mph). If a small cluster
    can eventually develop, the severe-wind hazard would likely focus
    with these potential storms.

    A small west to east oriented band of storms is moving south across
    southern WI to the east of a weak surface low and immediately
    downstream of an associated mid-level perturbation. While effective
    bulk shear is forecast to remain fairly modest (around 20-30 kt), a
    mix of multicells and marginal supercells is expected to develop
    later this afternoon across parts of southern WI into
    northern/central IL along and ahead of a weak front. Severe hail
    may occur with any persistent cells, while the threat for damaging
    winds should increase as small clusters form and spread
    east-southeastward through the early evening. While low-level
    flow is not forecast to become overly strong, sufficient veering
    with height through low/mid levels should exist to support modest
    low-level hodograph curvature and some risk for a brief tornado.

    ...Carolinas...
    Weakened shower/thunderstorm activity associated with an MCV over
    the western Carolinas will likely dissipate during the early
    afternoon. However, renewed storm development is forecast in
    proximity to this upper disturbance, as well as near residual
    outflow from the earlier convection and a surface cool front draped
    from the GA/SC Piedmont northeastward into the coastal plain of
    eastern NC. Strong heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer
    will result in strong instability by mid afternoon. Sufficient
    deep-layer shear for some organized multicell potential will be
    greatest near the upper-level feature. Farther southeast near the
    SC Low Country, weaker flow will result in a pulse thunderstorm
    mode. Scattered damaging gusts are possible with the stronger
    thunderstorms through the early evening before nocturnal stability
    weakens storms and ends the severe threat.

    ...North TX east into northern Gulf Coast states...
    Antecedent outflow from overnight storm clusters over the lower MS
    Valley and AL will serve as a focus for storm development this
    afternoon. Farther west, a more pronounced decaying MCS and
    associated southward-moving MCV over east-central OK will also focus
    storm activity across east TX into western LA. The 12 UTC Little
    Rock raob showed a belt of enhanced flow around the 4-5 km layer
    (35-40 kt). Other than a localized corridor where moderate
    northerly flow will overspread a strongly destabilizing boundary
    layer, slightly weaker northerly to northeasterly flow will
    encompass this larger region from north TX to Mobile Bay.
    Nonetheless, the development of very steep 0-3 km lapse rates (9 deg
    C/km) by early to mid afternoon and high PW (1.75-2.0 inches) will
    support scattered wind damage with the more intense downdrafts (most
    likely and concentrated from east TX through southern MS).

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Snake Valley...
    A mid-level vorticity max rotating northward around the western
    periphery of the Four Corners upper high, will move into northern
    NV/UT by late afternoon. Deep inverted-V profiles will develop by
    mid afternoon with a dry sub-cloud layer featuring large surface temperature-dewpoint spreads. A linear cluster of storms is
    expected to evolve and move north across the NV/UT/ID vicinity
    during the late afternoon and early evening. Evaporatively cooled
    downdrafts will be potentially capable of severe gusts 60-75 mph.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 22 01:04:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220104
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220102

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0802 PM CDT Fri Aug 21 2026

    Valid 220100Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail (some
    2+ inches) and severe winds should continue over parts of the
    central Plains into the Midwest this evening. Isolated damaging
    winds also remain possible across portions of the Carolinas and
    northern Gulf Coast states.

    ...Central Plains...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed a subtle mid-level perturbation
    embedded within a broad corridor of northwesterly flow aloft
    overspreading much of the central US. isolated storm development has
    taken place along the western portions of a stalled front over
    western NE. South of the front, very warm and humid conditions have
    allowed for strong destabilization over much of the central Plains.
    Robust deep-layer shear profiles are favorable for supercells with a
    risk for large to very large hail, damaging gusts and perhaps a
    tornado persisting this evening.

    Additional development is possible along the stalled front farther
    east late this evening with a forecast increase in the low-level
    jet. Initial supercell structures are possible with hail and could
    grow upscale into one ore more clusters with a risk for damaging
    gusts through the overnight hours.

    Isolated higher-based storms ongoing in eastern CO may persist for a
    few hours this evening owing to very warm surface temperatures and
    steep low/mid-level lapse rates. Located on the fringes of the more
    robust buoyancy, isolated severe gusts or hail are possible as they
    drift slowly southeastward.

    ...Midwest...
    Beneath the upper trough over the Great Lakes, isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorms have developed ahead of the southward moving
    cold front and remnant outflow boundary from southern WI into
    eastern IA and northern IL. Large buoyancy (2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE)
    is in place within a warm and very moist air mass. Modest
    enhancement of the mid-level flow is also supporting elongated
    hodographs sufficient for storm organization. A mix of supercells
    and multicells should continue for a few hours this evening with a
    risk for hail and damaging gusts. A tornado or two also remains
    possible where backed low-level flow is supporting stronger shear
    across southeastern IA and northern IL.

    ...Carolinas...
    Numerous thunderstorms developed along a frontal boundary across the
    Carolinas this afternoon. These storms have gradually clustered and
    produced numerous instance of wind damage. Given the extent of the
    convection, much of the available buoyancy has been removed and much
    of the convection has slowly weakened early this evening. Still,
    some lingering instability along the coast should support storms for
    a few hours this evening. High PWAT content and modest enhancement
    of mid-level flow from a weak MCV may support some isolated damaging
    wind gusts.

    ...Gulf Coast/Lower MS valley...
    Numerous thunderstorms are ongoing ahead of a weak surface cold
    front slowly moving southward along the lower MS Valley and central
    Gulf Coast. Very warm temperatures within the seasonably humid air
    mass are supporting moderate to large instability (2500-3500 J/kg of
    MLCAPE). This will be more than sufficient to maintain strong to
    severe storms within the ongoing clusters. Clustering and high PWAT
    content (1.75-2.3 inches) will support isolated wind damage with the
    more intense downdrafts for a few more hours this evening before
    they eventually move offshore or weaken after sunset.

    ...Northern Great Basin...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed an upper trough moving from south
    to north along the western periphery of a strong upper high centered
    over the central Rockies. On the eastern periphery of this trough,
    scattered thunderstorms are ongoing over parts of NV and western UT.
    Monsoon moisture is supporting weak to moderate buoyancy atop steep
    low-level lapse rates. The ongoing storms, with some clustering, are
    expected to continue and move northward across the NV/UT/ID vicinity
    through this evening. Deep inverted-V profiles and a dry sub-cloud
    layers will favor strong downdrafts, potentially capable of severe
    gusts 60-75 mph.

    ..Lyons.. 08/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 22 06:03:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220601

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered damaging gusts are likely across the Ohio Valley with more
    isolated damaging wind potential extending westward into the Mid
    Mississippi Valley and southern Plains this afternoon/evening.
    Isolated hail and damaging winds are also possible over the Front
    Range, Great Basin and parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...OH and TN Valleys...
    An upper low initially over the western Great Lakes is forecast to
    deepen as it moves southeastward today and tonight. A belt of
    stronger mid-level flow behind the trough will move into parts of
    the Plains and Midwest. A weak surface low and trailing cold front
    will move southeastward across the Lakes and into the upper OH
    Valley through the day. Ahead of the front, upper 60s to 70s F
    surface dewpoints and filtered diurnal heating should allow for
    moderate destabilization, sufficient for scattered to numerous
    thunderstorms by early afternoon. Despite generally modest to weak
    deep-layer shear, steepening of lower/mid-level lapse will support
    stronger downdrafts within organized multicell clusters. With time,
    some upscale growth into linear segments is also possible and would
    also favor a risk for scattered damaging gusts. This appears most
    likely across central/eastern OH and KY into western PA/WV.

    Farther south, more isolated storm coverage is expected ahead of the
    front from the western Carolina Piedmont to the TN Valley. Steep
    low-level lapse rates and enhanced low and mid-level northwesterly
    flow will still support some risk for isolated damaging gusts.

    ...Ozarks/Mid MS Valley...
    A weak convectively augmented shortwave trough is forecast to move
    from southeastern KS and southern MO into northern AR along western
    portions of a weak surface front by midday. Ahead of these features,
    a very warm and humid air mass will be in place, which should allow
    substantial diurnal destabilization and eventual thunderstorm
    development. Enhanced northwesterly flow may help organize a few
    thunderstorm clusters as they spread eastward from the Ozarks into
    the ArkLaTex and mid MS Valley. Damaging wind gusts and some hail
    are possible.

    ...Front Range and adjacent High Plains...
    Post-frontal upslope flow, aided by a weak short wave impulse on the
    eastern periphery of the upper ridge will support thunderstorm
    development along/east of the Laramie mountains through Colorado
    Front Range this afternoon. On the fringes of the stronger northwest
    flow aloft, deep-layer shear will be marginal for storm
    organization. Steep mid-level lapse rates and moderate buoyancy
    could support some hail with the stronger updrafts. Isolated
    damaging gusts are also possible, especially with any more
    persistent thunderstorm clusters.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Very hot surface temperatures (100+ F) are likely across parts of
    western North TX into southwestern and central OK this afternoon.
    Low-level convergence near a thermally enhanced surface low and weak
    front will aid high-based thunderstorm development late afternoon
    into the early evening. Weak buoyancy atop the steep low-level lapse
    rates and deep mixed layer will favor very strong downdrafts within
    the high-based storms. Isolated severe gusts (possibly 65-75 mph
    gusts) associated with microbursts are possible as convection is
    forecast to move southward through the evening.

    ...Northern Rockies to the Great Basin....
    An upper low along the western periphery of the substantial
    mid-level ridge over the Southwest will migrate northward toward the international border as a belt of stronger mid-level flow
    overspreads a plume of monsoon moisture from the Great Basin to the
    Northern Rockies. Ascent from the upper wave and heating of the
    modestly moist air mass should allow for weak destabilization and
    scattered thunderstorm development. Steep lapse rates could support
    isolated severe gusts.

    Isolated hail is also possible with scattered thunderstorms from
    eastern WA into the ID panhandle. Closer to the upper trough and
    beneath strong mid-level flow, elongated hodographs may promote
    organization with transient supercell structures. Cooler mid-level
    temperatures could favor hail production despite modest overall
    moisture.

    ..Lyons/Weinman.. 08/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 22 12:04:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221204
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221202

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0702 AM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026

    Valid 221300Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing scattered damaging winds should
    occur this afternoon across parts of the Ohio Valley into the
    central Appalachians, with isolated damaging winds possible across
    the lower Mississippi Valley to the southern Plains/Ozarks. Isolated
    hail and damaging winds may also occur over parts of the central
    Plains and northern Rockies into the Northwest.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Central Appalachians and Tennessee/Lower
    Mississippi Valleys...
    Upper troughing over Ontario and the Great Lakes will advance slowly
    eastward today across the OH Valley/Midwest in tandem with a weak
    surface cold front. Latest visible satellite imagery this morning
    shows mostly clear skies present across the upper OH Valley
    vicinity. While low-level moisture will remain fairly modest
    (surface dewpoints generally in the 60s) and lapse rates aloft will
    be near moist adiabatic, it still appears likely that around
    1000-2000 J/kg of MLCAPE will develop ahead of the front by early
    afternoon. A gradual increase in thunderstorm coverage and intensity
    is expected, with 20-30 kt of effective bulk shear fostering enough
    updraft organization for multicell clusters capable of producing
    scattered damaging winds. These thunderstorms will spread eastward
    from the upper OH Valley into the central Appalachians this
    afternoon and evening before eventually weakening with eastward
    extent. Isolated hail may occur with the stronger cores that
    develop, but the poor mid-level lapse rates present may limit this
    threat to some extent. There also appears to be some chance for
    strong to locally severe thunderstorms to develop along/east of the
    Blue Ridge Mountains this afternoon. If this occurs, then occasional
    damaging winds would be the main threat with this activity.

    There may be less thunderstorm coverage with southwestward extent
    along/ahead of the front into the TN Valley/Mid-South, as
    large-scale ascent will be weaker across these regions. Still, any
    convection which can develop and be sustained will exist in a
    favorable environment for damaging winds, with moderate to strong
    instability and sufficient deep-layer shear present to support
    multicell clusters.

    ...Southern/Central Plains into the Ozarks...
    On the eastern periphery of upper ridging over the
    Southwest/Rockies, thunderstorms have developed early this morning
    across parts of the southern/central Plains. This convection is
    being aided by modest low-level warm/moist advection, and multiple
    weak mid-level disturbances moving through the northwesterly
    mid-level flow across the Plains. While substantial MLCIN is
    present, sufficient MUCAPE coupled with moderate to strong
    deep-layer shear should continue to support updraft organization.
    Isolated hail and strong to locally severe gusts may occur with the
    more robust cores, and severe probabilities have been adjusted to
    account for ongoing convection. Subsequent development of
    thunderstorms this afternoon will be dependent on how this morning's
    convection evolves, with some weakening possible as a modest
    low-level jet gradually lessens over the next several hours. Still, redevelopment is forecast this afternoon along/south of a weak
    front. Moderate to locally strong instability, very steep low-level
    lapse rates, and moderate northwesterly deep-layer shear should
    support some clustering/updraft organization. Occasional hail and
    severe gusts may occur as thunderstorms spread southward across the
    southern Plains/Ozarks this afternoon/evening.

    A separate area of convection is forecast to develop this afternoon
    along the Front Range/Laramie Mountains in a weak post-frontal
    low-level upslope regime. While effective bulk shear should be
    somewhat weaker across this region, a narrow corridor of greater
    instability is forecast across the central High Plains. This may
    support loosely organized multicells and marginal supercell
    structures with an isolated severe hail/wind threat. This activity
    should spread slowly southeastward off the higher terrain before
    weakening this evening with the loss of daytime heating.

    ...Great Basin/Northern Rockies into the Northwest...
    Upper ridging will remain prominent from the Southwest into the
    northern Rockies/High Plains today. On the western periphery of this
    ridging, an upper trough/low will move northward along/near the
    coast of the Pacific Northwest. Enhanced south-southwesterly
    mid-level flow will overspread parts of the Great Basin, northern
    Rockies, and Northwest through the period, with the strongest winds
    forecast over WA/OR. Low-level moisture remains fairly limited over
    most of these regions, with somewhat greater surface dewpoints
    present over parts of the Great Basin.

    Diurnal heating should support modest destabilization and weak
    instability from the northern Great Basin into the interior Pacific
    Northwest and northern Rockies. Thunderstorms will develop this
    afternoon as the large-scale ascent preceding the upper trough/low
    overspreads these regions in tandem with orographic effects across
    the higher terrain. Where low-level lapse rates can become
    sufficiently steepened with a dry/well-mixed sub-cloud layer,
    isolated severe/damaging winds may occur. The overall severe threat
    should be limited by weak instability.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 22 16:32:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026

    Valid 221630Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND THE MID SOUTH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible over parts of the Mid
    South with 60 to 75 mph gusts being the primary hazard. Scattered
    damaging winds are possible this afternoon across parts of the Ohio
    Valley into the central Appalachians.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Central Appalachians and Tennessee/Lower
    Mississippi Valleys...
    An upper trough continues to dig southeast across the southwest
    Great Lakes during the midday as a surface front advances slowly
    east across the southern Great Lakes and OH Valley. Late morning
    surface analysis places a moist plume (65 to 70 deg F surface
    dewpoints) extending northeastward ahead of the front from the lower
    OH Valley into northeast OH. Visible satellite imagery shows a
    swelling cumulus field across the upper OH Valley where moderate
    buoyancy has developed. A gradual increase in thunderstorm coverage
    and intensity is expected, with 20-30 kt of effective bulk shear
    fostering enough updraft organization for multicell clusters capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds. See MCD #2081 for short-term
    details. These thunderstorms will spread eastward from the upper OH
    Valley into the central Appalachians this afternoon and evening
    before eventually weakening with eastward extent. Isolated hail may
    occur with the stronger cores that develop, but the poor mid-level
    lapse rates present may limit this threat to some extent. There
    also appears to be some chance for strong to locally severe
    thunderstorms to develop along/east of the Blue Ridge Mountains this
    afternoon. If this occurs, then occasional damaging winds would be
    the main threat with this activity.

    ...Southern/Central Plains into the Mid South...
    Satellite imagery late this morning shows a pair of convectively
    enhanced mid-level vorticity maxima moving southeast over eastern
    KS/OK on the eastern periphery of upper ridging centered over NM.
    Weak thunderstorm activity continues to progress southeast over
    eastern KS towards the Ozarks, where the airmass has heated near 90
    deg F to the downstream of greater cloud cover. Surface analysis
    this morning showed a reservoir of richer moisture (lower 70s deg F
    surface dewpoints) south of a stalled west-east frontal zone.
    Additional heating/destabilization ahead of the southeastward-moving thunderstorms and associated MCV will act to pre-condition the
    environment to support a greater risk for severe gusts and wind
    damage across parts of the Mid South this afternoon and early
    evening. CAM model guidance both from a model core and time-lagged
    ensemble, suggest the eventual development of a linear cluster
    developing over the Ozarks and moving east-southeast into a
    hot/unstable airmass featuring very steep 0-3 km lapse rates. Mid
    to upper-level flow will tend to weaken with southeast extent, but
    ample cloud-bearing shear for storm organization is evident. Have
    upgraded a corridor from northern ARK into northern MS where
    confidence is highest on an MCS developing and an associated risk
    for severe gusts and wind damage.

    Additional isolated storm development is expected later today across
    parts of the southern Great Plains. Moderate to locally strong
    instability, very steep low-level lapse rates, and moderate
    northwesterly deep-layer shear should support some
    clustering/updraft organization. Occasional hail and severe gusts
    may occur as thunderstorms spread southward this afternoon/evening.

    ...Central High Plains/Front Range...
    A separate area of convection is forecast to develop this afternoon
    along the Front Range/Laramie Mountains in a weak post-frontal
    low-level upslope regime. While effective bulk shear should be
    somewhat weaker across this region, a narrow corridor of greater
    instability is forecast across the central High Plains. This may
    support loosely organized multicells and marginal supercells with an
    isolated severe hail/wind threat.

    ...Great Basin/Northern Rockies into the Northwest...
    Upper ridging will remain prominent from the Southwest into the
    northern Rockies/High Plains today. On the western periphery of
    this ridging, an upper trough/low will move northward along/near the
    coast of the Pacific Northwest. Enhanced south-southwesterly
    mid-level flow will overspread parts of the Great Basin, northern
    Rockies, and Northwest through the period, with the strongest winds
    forecast over WA/OR. Low-level moisture remains fairly limited over
    most of these regions, with somewhat greater surface dewpoints
    present over parts of the Great Basin.

    Diurnal heating should support modest destabilization and weak
    instability from the northern Great Basin into the interior Pacific
    Northwest and northern Rockies. Thunderstorms will develop this
    afternoon as the large-scale ascent preceding the upper trough/low
    overspreads these regions in tandem with orographic effects across
    the higher terrain. Where low-level lapse rates can become
    sufficiently steepened with a dry/well-mixed sub-cloud layer,
    isolated severe/damaging winds may occur. The overall severe threat
    should be limited by weak instability.

    ..Smith/Chalmers.. 08/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 22 19:58:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026

    Valid 222000Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...THE MID SOUTH...AND
    THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible over parts of the Mid
    South and southern Great Plains with 60 to 75 mph gusts being the
    primary hazard. Scattered damaging winds also remain possible this
    afternoon across parts of the Ohio Valley into the central
    Appalachians.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Southern Great Plains...
    The primary change with this outlook update was an upgrade to a
    Level 2/Slight risk for portions of northwest Texas and the Texas
    Panhandle driven by the inclusion of 15% wind probabilities based on
    the latest CAM and time-lagged ensemble guidance. The 5% wind
    probability and CIG1 were similarly expanded across adjacent
    portions of the southern Great Plains. See Mesoscale Discussion 2085
    for additional short-term details.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Isolated convective initiation is ongoing across portions of the
    central Blue Ridge in far northwestern Virginia as of 1955 UTC.
    Latest CAM/time-lagged ensemble guidance continues to suggest the
    potential for some upscale growth/clustering of convection
    downstream across northern Virginia. Some consideration was given to
    a targeted upgrade to a Level 2/Slight risk (via the inclusion of a
    15% wind probability) for this area; however, weak low-level flow
    sampled by the Sterling (LWX) VWP and cooler downstream temperatures
    in the upper-70s F lend uncertainty to the coverage of the resultant
    severe risk and precluded an upgrade at this time. A locally greater
    risk for damaging wind gusts could materialize should a cluster of
    storms develop, however. See MCD 2083 for additional details.

    Elsewhere, only minor adjustments were made based on recent convective/observational trends and the latest forecast guidance.
    See the text below and Mesoscale Discussions 2084 and 2086 for
    additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Moore.. 08/22/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026/

    ...Ohio Valley into the Central Appalachians and Tennessee/Lower
    Mississippi Valleys...
    An upper trough continues to dig southeast across the southwest
    Great Lakes during the midday as a surface front advances slowly
    east across the southern Great Lakes and OH Valley. Late morning
    surface analysis places a moist plume (65 to 70 deg F surface
    dewpoints) extending northeastward ahead of the front from the lower
    OH Valley into northeast OH. Visible satellite imagery shows a
    swelling cumulus field across the upper OH Valley where moderate
    buoyancy has developed. A gradual increase in thunderstorm coverage
    and intensity is expected, with 20-30 kt of effective bulk shear
    fostering enough updraft organization for multicell clusters capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds. See MCD #2081 for short-term
    details. These thunderstorms will spread eastward from the upper OH
    Valley into the central Appalachians this afternoon and evening
    before eventually weakening with eastward extent. Isolated hail may
    occur with the stronger cores that develop, but the poor mid-level
    lapse rates present may limit this threat to some extent. There
    also appears to be some chance for strong to locally severe
    thunderstorms to develop along/east of the Blue Ridge Mountains this
    afternoon. If this occurs, then occasional damaging winds would be
    the main threat with this activity.

    ...Southern/Central Plains into the Mid South...
    Satellite imagery late this morning shows a pair of convectively
    enhanced mid-level vorticity maxima moving southeast over eastern
    KS/OK on the eastern periphery of upper ridging centered over NM.
    Weak thunderstorm activity continues to progress southeast over
    eastern KS towards the Ozarks, where the airmass has heated near 90
    deg F to the downstream of greater cloud cover. Surface analysis
    this morning showed a reservoir of richer moisture (lower 70s deg F
    surface dewpoints) south of a stalled west-east frontal zone.
    Additional heating/destabilization ahead of the southeastward-moving thunderstorms and associated MCV will act to pre-condition the
    environment to support a greater risk for severe gusts and wind
    damage across parts of the Mid South this afternoon and early
    evening. CAM model guidance both from a model core and time-lagged
    ensemble, suggest the eventual development of a linear cluster
    developing over the Ozarks and moving east-southeast into a
    hot/unstable airmass featuring very steep 0-3 km lapse rates. Mid
    to upper-level flow will tend to weaken with southeast extent, but
    ample cloud-bearing shear for storm organization is evident. Have
    upgraded a corridor from northern ARK into northern MS where
    confidence is highest on an MCS developing and an associated risk
    for severe gusts and wind damage.

    Additional isolated storm development is expected later today across
    parts of the southern Great Plains. Moderate to locally strong
    instability, very steep low-level lapse rates, and moderate
    northwesterly deep-layer shear should support some
    clustering/updraft organization. Occasional hail and severe gusts
    may occur as thunderstorms spread southward this afternoon/evening.

    ...Central High Plains/Front Range...
    A separate area of convection is forecast to develop this afternoon
    along the Front Range/Laramie Mountains in a weak post-frontal
    low-level upslope regime. While effective bulk shear should be
    somewhat weaker across this region, a narrow corridor of greater
    instability is forecast across the central High Plains. This may
    support loosely organized multicells and marginal supercells with an
    isolated severe hail/wind threat.

    ...Great Basin/Northern Rockies into the Northwest...
    Upper ridging will remain prominent from the Southwest into the
    northern Rockies/High Plains today. On the western periphery of
    this ridging, an upper trough/low will move northward along/near the
    coast of the Pacific Northwest. Enhanced south-southwesterly
    mid-level flow will overspread parts of the Great Basin, northern
    Rockies, and Northwest through the period, with the strongest winds
    forecast over WA/OR. Low-level moisture remains fairly limited over
    most of these regions, with somewhat greater surface dewpoints
    present over parts of the Great Basin.

    Diurnal heating should support modest destabilization and weak
    instability from the northern Great Basin into the interior Pacific
    Northwest and northern Rockies. Thunderstorms will develop this
    afternoon as the large-scale ascent preceding the upper trough/low
    overspreads these regions in tandem with orographic effects across
    the higher terrain. Where low-level lapse rates can become
    sufficiently steepened with a dry/well-mixed sub-cloud layer,
    isolated severe/damaging winds may occur. The overall severe threat
    should be limited by weak instability.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 23 01:02:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Sat Aug 22 2026

    Valid 230100Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...AND EXTREME NORTHWEST
    ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible for another couple
    hours across portions of the lower Mississippi Valley before
    thunderstorm intensity wanes later this evening and overnight.

    ... 01Z Update ...

    Thunderstorm intensity continues to wane across much of the United
    States this evening. The most intense thunderstorms continue to be a
    cluster of southeast moving thunderstorms across the lower
    Mississippi Valley. Here, strong instability will maintain a hail
    and wind threat for a couple more hours before weakening with the
    increasing boundary layer stability.

    Elsewhere, a few sporadic damaging wind gusts will be possible with
    a weakening line of storms across central Pennsylvania south into
    southern Virginia over the next couple of hours as well as across
    portions of the southern High Plains where a linear MCS continues to
    push south and west.

    Across portions of the Nebraska Panhandle northwest into eastern
    Wyoming and western South Dakota, strong vertical shear and 2000
    J/kg MUCAPE will maintain support for a few large hail stones and a
    couple of marginally severe wind gusts.

    A cluster of storms across south-central Colorado will be capable of
    marginally severe hail and wind gusts for another one or two hours
    before weakening with the loss of diurnal heating.

    Across the west, strong thunderstorm wind gusts will be possible
    from northern Utah northward toward far southwest Montana. These
    high-based storms will be capable of sporadic downbursts capable of
    strong erratic winds.

    Lastly, a low probability of marginally severe hail and wind gusts
    will remain possible across northern Washington this evening as a
    strong mid-level just streak continues to lift northeast into
    Canada.

    ..Marsh.. 08/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 23 06:12:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230611
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230609

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0109 AM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...MUCH OF CENTRAL MONTANA...AND PORTIONS OF THE
    EASTERN GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong-to-severe thunderstorms capable of large hail and damaging
    winds will be possible across portions of the northern Rockies and
    northern Plains. Additional severe thunderstorms capable of damaging
    winds will be possible across portions of northern Utah.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A sub-tropical mid-level ridge will remain in place across much of
    the West on Sunday, with a large-scale trough taking shape across
    much of the East. A seasonably strong short-wave trough will crest
    the ridge over southern Canada, with an attendant jet streak in its
    basal region moving across Montana. Broadly northwest mid-level flow
    will exist from the northern Plains east toward the Appalachians,
    between the western ridge and eastern trough.


    ... Intermountain West ...

    A well-mixed boundary layer will develop during the afternoon as
    cooler mid-level temperatures associated with the approaching
    short-wave trough overspread the northern Rockies. Scattered
    thunderstorms should develop during the early to mid-afternoon
    within an environment with steepening mid-level lapse rates.
    Effective shear on the order of 30-40 knots will support multicell
    clusters and transient supercell structures capable of producing
    large hail and damaging wind gusts.

    Farther south, multicell clusters should develop across eastern
    Nevada and western Utah during the late afternoon. Modest mid-level
    flow on the north side of the subtropical ridge, coupled with steep
    low-level lapse rates (inverted-V profiles) should support efficient
    downward momentum transfer with any sustained thunderstorm updraft.


    ... Northern Plains south into the Central High Plains ...

    A plume of steep mid-level lapse rates will advect out from the
    northern Rockies and overspread a moistening warm sector. The result
    will be afternoon MUCAPE values between 2000-3000 J/kg. Although
    vertical shear is not overly strong, forecast soundings/hodographs
    suggest enough shear to support multicells and transient supercell
    structures. Large hail will be possible with these initial
    thunderstorms. With time, congealing outflows should support some
    potential for upscale growth toward an MCS. Steep lapse rates will
    support severe winds (some significant) with any organized
    thunderstorm cluster.


    ... Northeast US ...

    Early morning convection should dissipate enough to support at least
    filtered sunshine during the late morning and early afternoon. This
    will support temperatures warming into the 70Fs to perhaps low 80Fs.
    This, when combined with upper 50Fs to low 60Fs dewpoints will
    support between 500-1000 J/kg MUCAPE during the afternoon. Vertical
    ascent downstream of the eastern trough will support clusters of
    thunderstorms across the region. Modest mid-level lapse rates should
    limit a more robust hail threat, but the degree of ascent and
    instability will support a marginal risk of severe hail and damaging
    wind.


    ... Northern Gulf Coast toward the Coastal Carolinas ...

    Strong diurnal heating of a moist boundary layer (dewpoint
    temperatures in the 70Fs) should support MUCAPE values between
    3000-4000 J/kg during the afternoon. High precipitable water values
    will support water-loaded updrafts capable of producing isolated
    damaging downbursts with the strongest cells.


    ... Southern Arizona ...

    Seasonably strong southeasterly mid-level flow will develop along
    the periphery of the mid-upper-level ridge. This enhanced flow will
    overspread a deeply mixed boundary layer (inverted-V) during the
    afternoon. In spite of the deeply mixed boundary layer, precipitable
    water values in excess of 1" will exist across the area during the
    late afternoon. This will support at least isolated thunderstorm
    clusters capable of producing damaging wind gusts.


    ... Southeast Kansas, Northeast Oklahoma, Southwest Missouri, and
    Northwest Arkansas ...

    A low amplitude mid-level trough will move southeast across the
    Central US on Sunday, within the broader northwest flow. Although an
    isolated thunderstorm cannot be ruled out with this feature during
    the afternoon, the more likely scenario is the environment across
    Kansas and Missouri remains capped during the afternoon.

    By late evening, the mid-level trough/jet streak should be across
    southern Missouri or northeast Arkansas, placing northeast Oklahoma
    and southeast Kansas in the right entrance region of the mid-level
    jet. Guidance is pretty confident in developing a strong low-level
    jet across the southern Plains in response to this mid-level jet.
    The result will be increasing warm-air advection/isentropic ascent
    during the overnight. This will lead to scattered thunderstorm
    development, with movement off to the east-southeast. Mid-level
    lapse rates should only be on the order of 6.5 C/km, but
    cloud-bearing shear around 30-40 knots should support strong
    updrafts. DCAPE values between 500-1000 J/kg will support at least
    marginally severe downbursts capable of wind damage.

    ..Marsh/Weinman.. 08/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 23 12:54:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231254
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231252

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 AM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026

    Valid 231300Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN ROCKIES/PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and severe/damaging
    winds are forecast across parts of the northern Rockies/Plains this
    afternoon and evening. Other thunderstorms with mainly a severe wind
    threat may occur over portions of the northern Great Basin.

    ...Great Basin into the Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough evident on water vapor satellite
    imagery this morning across the Pacific Northwest will move
    east-northeastward today across the northern Rockies and western
    Canada. 40-50 kt of west-southwesterly mid-level winds will
    overspread the northern Rockies and adjacent High Plains of
    central/eastern MT by this afternoon. As large-scale ascent
    preceding the mid-level trough spreads eastward, thunderstorms
    should initially form over the higher terrain of western MT.
    Downstream destabilization of a sufficiently moist low-level airmass
    will support the development of weak instability (MLCAPE generally
    500-1000 J/kg) into central/eastern MT and vicinity. 30-40 kt of
    effective bulk shear will support a mix of multicells and supercells
    initially moving off the higher terrain, with both severe hail and
    wind gusts possible. With time, upscale growth into bowing clusters
    seems probable with eastward extent in MT, and an increasing risk
    for severe/damaging winds. Given the very well-mixed boundary layer
    and enhanced mid-level flow expected, some of these gusts could
    exceed 75 mph on an isolated basis.

    A somewhat separate area of convection should develop this afternoon
    across parts of the northern Great Basin. While mid-level flow will
    be somewhat weaker across this region compared to locations farther
    north, the presence of generally 50s surface dewpoints across
    northern UT and vicinity suggests that sufficient low-level moisture
    exists to support robust updrafts. As daytime heating occurs and
    low-level lapse rates steepen, loosely organized cells/clusters
    should form and subsequently spread northeastward while posing a
    threat for scattered severe gusts.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    A band of elevated thunderstorms is ongoing this morning from
    southern SD into NE, aided by modest low-level warm/moist advection.
    This activity should gradually weaken through the morning as the
    low-level jet subsides, but an isolated threat for severe hail may
    continue in the short term given sufficient MUCAPE and deep-layer
    shear to support supercells. A narrow corridor of moderate to
    locally strong instability is forecast to develop this afternoon
    across the western Dakotas/NE along/east of a lee surface trough
    where greater low-level moisture will reside. At least isolated
    thunderstorms should develop by peak afternoon heating across these
    areas, with west-northwesterly flow strengthening with height
    through mid/upper levels. Around 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will
    support supercells and associated threat for large hail with any
    sustained surface-based convection.

    Overall coverage remains uncertain given weak/nebulous large-scale
    ascent, but some guidance shows these cells growing upscale into a
    cluster or two this evening with some severe wind risk. Regardless,
    severe hail should be the main concern with supercells initially,
    and the Slight Risk has been nudged westward a little to account for
    the probable zone of initiation. Weaker mid-level flow is expected
    with southward extent into the central High Plains, but occasional
    hail and gusty winds could still occur with any high-based
    convection that develops and spreads eastward through the early
    evening.

    ...Northeast Oklahoma/Southeast Kansas into the Ozarks...
    A weak mid-level disturbance aiding convection this morning over
    SD/NE will move southeastward today on the eastern periphery of
    upper ridging centered over the southern High Plains/Southwest. This
    feature, in tandem with increasing isentropic ascent associated with
    a modest south-southwesterly low-level jet, may aid thunderstorm
    development late tonight into early Monday morning across parts of
    northeast OK/southeast KS into the Ozarks. Instability is forecast
    to remain fairly weak (MUCAPE generally less than 1000 J/kg), but
    some clustering may occur with a low chance for gusty/locally
    damaging winds. No changes have been made to the Marginal Risk
    across this area, as confidence remains limited in both overall
    convective intensity and evolution.

    ...Northeast...
    An upper trough/low centered over Ontario and the Great Lakes this
    morning will translate slowly eastward across the Mid-Atlantic and
    Northeast through the period. A corresponding weak/occluding surface
    low will make only modest eastward progress into Quebec through the
    day, with a cold front forecast to move eastward across parts of the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast by this evening. Cloud cover is prevalent
    across these regions per latest visible satellite imagery. This,
    coupled with poor lapse rates aloft (reference 12Z observed
    soundings from ALB/OKX), will limit the amount of destabilization
    that can occur through this afternoon with filtered daytime heating.
    Still, enhanced south-southwesterly mid-level flow will be present
    today across parts of NY into New England, with around 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear supporting some updraft organization. Current
    expectations are for cells and clusters that develop along/ahead of
    this front this afternoon to pose a threat for mainly isolated
    damaging winds as they spread east-northeastward through this
    evening before eventually weakening. Marginally severe hail may also
    occur with the strongest cores. But, the weak instability and poor
    lapse rates aloft should generally limit the overall severe threat.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms should develop later today
    along/south of a weak front draped across the lower MS Valley into
    the Gulf Coast states, and continuing northeastward into the
    Carolinas. With the exception of the Carolinas, low/mid-level flow
    will remain quite weak for much of the Southeast. Still, any cells
    which can develop may pose an isolated threat for damaging winds, as
    moderate to strong MLCAPE coupled with steep low-level lapse rates
    through daytime heating support the potential for wet microbursts.
    On the southern periphery of mid/upper troughing over the Great Lakes/Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, stronger flow aloft will exist
    across the Carolinas. This may foster some updraft organization
    given sufficient deep-layer shear. But, most guidance continues to
    show any convection that forms this afternoon across the eastern
    Carolinas will move quickly offshore.

    ...Arizona...
    To the west of a mid/upper-level anticyclone centered over the
    southern Rockies/High Plains, weak southeasterly mid-level flow will
    exist today across southern/central AZ. Instability across this
    region is forecast to remain rather muted/weak owing to shallow
    low-level moisture. A deeply mixed boundary layer is forecast to
    develop with robust daytime heating, but confidence in thunderstorms
    developing over the higher terrain of southeast AZ and subsequent
    clustering into the lower deserts remains low. Even so, have
    maintained the Marginal Risk for severe gusts with no changes.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 23 16:37:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231637
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231635

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1135 AM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026

    Valid 231630Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN ROCKIES/PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and severe wind gusts
    are forecast across parts of the northern Rockies/Plains this
    afternoon and evening. Other thunderstorms with mainly a severe
    wind threat are probable over portions of the northern Great Basin.

    ...Great Basin into the Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    Water-vapor imagery this morning shows an eastward-migrating
    shortwave trough over the Pacific Northwest. A belt of 40-50 kt of west-southwesterly mid-level flow will overspread the northern
    Rockies and adjacent High Plains of central/eastern MT by this
    afternoon. Heating along with ascent attendant to the disturbance
    will favor initial storm development over the higher terrain over southwest/western MT. Steepening lapse rates over the High Plains
    will favor the potential for scattered severe gusts as thunderstorms move/develop over the plains during the late afternoon and evening.
    A mix of multicells and supercells may yield a risk for severe hail
    early before upscale growth into linear clusters (60-80 mph gusts)
    likely evolves during the evening.

    A somewhat separate area of convection should develop this afternoon
    across parts of the northern Great Basin and Upper Snake Valley.
    While mid-level flow will be somewhat weaker across this region
    compared to locations farther north, the presence of generally 50s
    surface dewpoints across northern UT and vicinity suggests that
    sufficient low-level moisture exists to support robust updrafts.
    Very steep lapse rates will favor ample evaporative cooling in the
    stronger downdrafts. Scattered severe gusts (60-80 mph) are
    possible with the stronger thunderstorm cores and outflow.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Morning surface analysis places a moisture plume (lower to mid 60s
    deg F dewpoints) extending from the TX-OK Panhandles
    north-northwestward through eastern CO/NE Panhandle and into the
    Black Hills vicinity. It is within this corridor moderate to strong instability is forecast by mid-late afternoon along/east of a lee
    surface trough. At least isolated thunderstorms should develop by
    peak afternoon heating across these areas, with west-northwesterly
    flow strengthening with height through mid/upper levels. Around
    35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will support supercells and associated
    threat for large hail from northeast CO northward into the western
    Dakotas.

    Farther south, high-based convection is forecast to slowly
    spread/move east of the Raton Mesa into the TX-OK Panhandles during
    the early evening. Very steep lapse rates and inverted-V profiles
    will favor evaporative cooling and an isolated threat for severe
    gusts with the stronger downdrafts and outflow surges.

    ...Northeast...
    Midday satellite imagery shows an upper trough/low over Ontario with
    a series of embedded shortwave impulses rotating through its base.
    A lead disturbance over the Lower Great Lakes will continue to
    rotate northeastward across the western portion of the Northeast and
    influence scattered thunderstorm development this afternoon.
    Heating of an adequately moist airmass but relatively meager
    mid-level lapse rate environment will result in weak buoyancy
    developing through mid afternoon as convection deepens. Around
    30-35 kt of deep-layer shear will support some updraft organization
    mainly in the form of bands of storms. An isolated risk for strong
    to locally severe gusts is expected across much of this region this
    afternoon. Towards early evening, an upstream impulse will approach
    the Lake Erie vicinity with some uptick in storm coverage and
    perhaps a lingering risk for wind damage before this activity
    weakens by the mid evening.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will likely develop along/south
    of a weak front draped across the lower MS Valley into the Gulf
    Coast states, and continuing northeastward into the Carolinas. An
    isolated threat for strong to locally severe gusts may result in
    pockets of wind damage with the more intense wet microbursts.

    ...Northeast Oklahoma/Southeast Kansas into the Ozarks...
    Some modest increase in isentropic ascent associated with
    a south-southwesterly low-level jet, may aid thunderstorm
    development late tonight into early Monday morning across parts of
    northeast OK/southeast KS into the Ozarks. Instability is forecast
    to remain fairly weak (MUCAPE generally less than 1000 J/kg), but
    some clustering may occur with a low chance for localized severe
    gusts.

    ...Arizona...
    On the western periphery of a mid-level anticyclone centered over
    eastern NM, weak southeasterly mid-level flow will remain across southern/central AZ. Model guidance only depicts weak buoyancy
    across much of central and southern AZ, with the exception of
    perhaps over far southern AZ. Nonetheless, hot temperatures and a
    deeply mixed boundary layer lend some potential for a localized
    microburst risk.

    ..Smith/Chalmers.. 08/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 23 20:01:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 232001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026

    Valid 232000Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN ROCKIES/PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and severe wind gusts
    are forecast across parts of the northern Rockies/Plains this
    afternoon and evening. Other thunderstorms with mainly a severe
    wind threat are probable over portions of the northern Great Basin.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Northern Rockies/Plains and Great Basin...
    Subtle adjustments were made to the existing Marginal/Slight risk
    areas based on ongoing convective trends. Recent CAM/TLE guidance
    suggests that upscale growth of convection into one or more linear
    clusters may result in localized corridors of greater
    damaging/severe wind coverage across portions of northern Utah and
    central Montana. The evolution of this scenario remains somewhat
    uncertain, however, which precludes the addition of 30% wind
    probabilities at this time. See MCDs 2099, 2100, and 2101 for
    additional short-term details.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    Recent mesoanalysis and observational data depict modestly elongated
    hodographs and effective shear around 35 kts in place across
    portions of the Coastal Carolinas. Despite poor mid-level lapse
    rates, this may allow for the occurrence of isolated, marginally
    severe hail with the most robust updraft cores. Thus, a targeted 5%
    hail probability area was included with this update, which is
    similarly supported by AI/ML guidance and recent CAM solutions.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains largely on track, with only minor
    adjustments made based on the latest forecast and observational
    trends. See the discussion below for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Moore.. 08/23/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1135 AM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026/

    ...Great Basin into the Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    Water-vapor imagery this morning shows an eastward-migrating
    shortwave trough over the Pacific Northwest. A belt of 40-50 kt of west-southwesterly mid-level flow will overspread the northern
    Rockies and adjacent High Plains of central/eastern MT by this
    afternoon. Heating along with ascent attendant to the disturbance
    will favor initial storm development over the higher terrain over southwest/western MT. Steepening lapse rates over the High Plains
    will favor the potential for scattered severe gusts as thunderstorms move/develop over the plains during the late afternoon and evening.
    A mix of multicells and supercells may yield a risk for severe hail
    early before upscale growth into linear clusters (60-80 mph gusts)
    likely evolves during the evening.

    A somewhat separate area of convection should develop this afternoon
    across parts of the northern Great Basin and Upper Snake Valley.
    While mid-level flow will be somewhat weaker across this region
    compared to locations farther north, the presence of generally 50s
    surface dewpoints across northern UT and vicinity suggests that
    sufficient low-level moisture exists to support robust updrafts.
    Very steep lapse rates will favor ample evaporative cooling in the
    stronger downdrafts. Scattered severe gusts (60-80 mph) are
    possible with the stronger thunderstorm cores and outflow.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Morning surface analysis places a moisture plume (lower to mid 60s
    deg F dewpoints) extending from the TX-OK Panhandles
    north-northwestward through eastern CO/NE Panhandle and into the
    Black Hills vicinity. It is within this corridor moderate to strong instability is forecast by mid-late afternoon along/east of a lee
    surface trough. At least isolated thunderstorms should develop by
    peak afternoon heating across these areas, with west-northwesterly
    flow strengthening with height through mid/upper levels. Around
    35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will support supercells and associated
    threat for large hail from northeast CO northward into the western
    Dakotas.

    Farther south, high-based convection is forecast to slowly
    spread/move east of the Raton Mesa into the TX-OK Panhandles during
    the early evening. Very steep lapse rates and inverted-V profiles
    will favor evaporative cooling and an isolated threat for severe
    gusts with the stronger downdrafts and outflow surges.

    ...Northeast...
    Midday satellite imagery shows an upper trough/low over Ontario with
    a series of embedded shortwave impulses rotating through its base.
    A lead disturbance over the Lower Great Lakes will continue to
    rotate northeastward across the western portion of the Northeast and
    influence scattered thunderstorm development this afternoon.
    Heating of an adequately moist airmass but relatively meager
    mid-level lapse rate environment will result in weak buoyancy
    developing through mid afternoon as convection deepens. Around
    30-35 kt of deep-layer shear will support some updraft organization
    mainly in the form of bands of storms. An isolated risk for strong
    to locally severe gusts is expected across much of this region this
    afternoon. Towards early evening, an upstream impulse will approach
    the Lake Erie vicinity with some uptick in storm coverage and
    perhaps a lingering risk for wind damage before this activity
    weakens by the mid evening.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will likely develop along/south
    of a weak front draped across the lower MS Valley into the Gulf
    Coast states, and continuing northeastward into the Carolinas. An
    isolated threat for strong to locally severe gusts may result in
    pockets of wind damage with the more intense wet microbursts.

    ...Northeast Oklahoma/Southeast Kansas into the Ozarks...
    Some modest increase in isentropic ascent associated with
    a south-southwesterly low-level jet, may aid thunderstorm
    development late tonight into early Monday morning across parts of
    northeast OK/southeast KS into the Ozarks. Instability is forecast
    to remain fairly weak (MUCAPE generally less than 1000 J/kg), but
    some clustering may occur with a low chance for localized severe
    gusts.

    ...Arizona...
    On the western periphery of a mid-level anticyclone centered over
    eastern NM, weak southeasterly mid-level flow will remain across southern/central AZ. Model guidance only depicts weak buoyancy
    across much of central and southern AZ, with the exception of
    perhaps over far southern AZ. Nonetheless, hot temperatures and a
    deeply mixed boundary layer lend some potential for a localized
    microburst risk.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 24 01:04:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240103
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240102

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0802 PM CDT Sun Aug 23 2026

    Valid 240100Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of large hail and severe-caliber wind gusts
    will continue this evening across eastern Montana and the western
    Dakotas, with other severe storms capable of wind gusts across the
    Great Basin.

    ...01z Update...
    Primary severe-weather corridor this evening will persist across
    east/northeast Montana to portions of the western Dakotas, but
    likely on a more marginal/isolated basis by the overnight.

    Other wind-producing storms will remain a possibility over the next
    couple of hours in areas such as northern Utah/far southeast Idaho,
    as well as southern Arizona.

    A couple of severe storms will remain a possibility this evening
    across northeast Ohio into northwest Pennsylvania. See Mesoscale
    Discussion 2108 for additional details.

    Later tonight, a modest increase in isentropic ascent associated
    with a south-southwesterly low-level jet may aid thunderstorm
    development late tonight and early Monday morning across parts of
    northeast Oklahoma and southeast Kansas to the Ozarks. Overall
    instability is expected to remain fairly weak (MUCAPE generally less
    than 1000 J/kg), but some clustering may occur with a low chance for
    localized severe wind gusts.

    ..Guyer.. 08/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 24 06:01:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...MIDDLE GULF
    COAST AND COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of large hail and damaging wind gusts
    will be possible mainly this afternoon and evening across the
    Dakotas and northwest Minnesota as well as the central High Plains.
    Other severe storms may focus across the lower Mississippi Valley
    and middle Gulf Coast, as well as the coastal Carolinas.

    ...Dakotas/Upper Midwest to central High Plains...
    An eastward-moving shortwave trough will emerge from the Canadian
    Rockies and move across the Canadian prairies through tonight, with
    a belt of moderately strong flow aloft and multiple MCVs influencing
    the Dakotas to Minnesota. Residual early day convection and
    lingering cloud cover will be complicating factors as far as the
    later-day forecast scenario.

    That said, at least widely scattered thunderstorms should develop
    and increase by late afternoon within a moist/unstable air mass near
    the eastward-moving front and weak surface wave across the
    east-central Dakotas and/or cross the international border and move southeastward into the region. Deep-layer wind profiles would be
    conducive to some supercells and the development of
    east/southeastward-moving clusters by evening, with large hail and
    damaging winds possible.

    More removed from the stronger cyclonic flow aloft, additional
    higher-based storms are expected by late afternoon and early evening south-southwestward across the Black Hills/western Nebraska in
    vicinity of the front and preceding trough. Sufficient
    strength/veering of winds with height should support some initial
    supercells capable of hail, prior to a clustering of these
    southeastward-moving storms, with wind damage being a possibility
    through mid/late evening across the central High Plains.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    The region will be influenced by moderately strong cyclonic flow
    aloft, with a moist and moderate-to-strongly unstable environment
    along the coastal plain to the east of a stationary/slow-moving
    front. The degree of buoyancy and upwards of 35-40 kt effective
    shear could support some initial supercells with hail this
    afternoon, although damaging winds should be the most prevalent
    concern as storms become more numerous. Severe potential should tend
    to wane by around sunset.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Middle Gulf Coast...
    Widely scattered elevated convection has developed early in the
    overnight across the Ozarks, and this regime may increase and
    probably shift south-southeastward today, potentially becoming
    surface based into the afternoon, influenced by cold pool
    development. It seems plausible that an upscale-growing/forward
    propagating cluster could gradually evolve during the day, with
    damaging wind potential increasing across the ArkLaMiss
    south-southeastward toward the Gulf Coast.

    ...Northern Great Basin/central Rockies...
    Scattered high-based thunderstorms are expected to develop this
    afternoon amid classic inverted-V profiles. Since these storms will
    develop along the periphery of stronger flow aloft, some
    organization is possible. Multiple dry microbursts may occur, some
    of which may pose a severe gust threat.

    ...Maine...
    By late morning into early afternoon, partially clearing skies will
    encourage surface temperatures to rise into the 70s F, resulting in
    marginal instability (e.g. a few hundred J/kg MLCAPE) given
    relatively poor mid-level lapse rates. Nonetheless, a southerly
    mid-to upper-level jet streak will overspread northern New England
    during the afternoon, resulting in highly elongated hodographs and
    30-40 kt of effective shear. As such, any storms that can develop
    and become sustained should become organized multicells capable of
    supporting a few damaging gusts and possibly some hail.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 08/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 24 12:32:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026

    Valid 241300Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/CENTRAL GULF COAST...AND COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and damaging
    winds will be possible this afternoon and evening across the Dakotas
    and northwest Minnesota as well as the central High Plains. Other
    severe thunderstorms with mainly a damaging wind threat may focus
    across the lower Mississippi Valley and coastal Carolinas.

    ...Dakotas/Upper Midwest into the Central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over Alberta/Saskatchewan will move
    eastward across the Canadian prairie provinces through tonight, with
    a belt of moderately strong flow aloft and multiple MCVs influencing
    the northern Plains to Upper Midwest. Residual/ongoing convection
    this morning and lingering cloud cover will be complicating factors
    for thunderstorm development and evolution later today.

    Even so, widely scattered thunderstorms should develop by late
    afternoon or early evening within a moist/unstable airmass near an eastward-moving front and weak surface wave across central/eastern
    ND. Other convection may initiate and then move southeastward from south-central Canada. Around 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will
    support supercells initially with a large hail threat. The
    development of east/southeastward-moving clusters should eventually
    occur this evening, with scattered severe/damaging winds possible.

    Farther south and a bit more removed from the stronger cyclonic flow
    aloft, additional high-based thunderstorms are expected to form by
    late afternoon/early evening across the Black Hills/western NE in
    the vicinity of the surface front. Strengthening and sufficient
    veering of winds with height through mid levels should support
    initial supercells capable of large hail, prior to a clustering of
    these southeastward-moving thunderstorms. Scattered severe/damaging
    winds may occur with this activity through mid/late evening across
    the central High Plains before increasing MLCIN encourages gradual
    weakening.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    The Carolinas will be influenced by modestly enhanced cyclonic flow
    aloft today, with a moist and moderately to strongly unstable
    environment forecast along the coastal plain to the east of a
    slow-moving front. This favorable instability and around 30-40 kt of
    effective bulk shear should support initial supercells with some
    hail risk this afternoon. However, scattered damaging winds will
    probably become the primary concern as thunderstorms increase in
    coverage. Severe potential should tend to wane by early evening as
    convection moves offshore and/or weakens with the loss of daytime
    heating.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Central Gulf Coast...
    Widely scattered elevated convection has developed this morning from
    southeast KS into AR in a low-level warm advection regime. This
    convection will shift south-southeastward today, potentially
    becoming surface based into the afternoon as diurnal heating
    supports downstream destabilization of a rather moist low-level
    airmass. Even though deep-layer shear will remain weak, an upscale-growing/forward-propagating cluster may evolve during the
    afternoon, with scattered damaging wind potential increasing across
    the ArkLaMiss south-southeastward toward the central Gulf Coast.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Central Rockies...
    Isolated to scattered high-based thunderstorms are expected to
    develop this afternoon across parts of the northern Great Basin into
    the central Rockies amid steepening low-level lapse rates with a
    very well-mixed boundary layer. Since this convection will develop
    along the periphery of stronger flow aloft, modest organization is
    possible even though low-level moisture and related instability
    should remain weak. Occasional dry microbursts may occur, some of
    which could pose an isolated threat for severe gusts.

    ...Maine...
    Across northern ME, partially clearing skies this afternoon should
    encourage surface temperatures to rise into the 70s, resulting in
    weak instability (up to 250-500 J/kg MLCAPE) given relatively poor
    mid-level lapse rates. Even so, a southerly mid/upper-level jet will
    overspread northern New England during the afternoon, resulting in
    highly elongated hodographs and 30-40 kt of effective bulk shear.
    Any thunderstorms that can develop and be sustained could become
    organized multicells capable of producing isolated damaging gusts
    and perhaps marginally severe hail.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 24 16:24:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241623
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241622

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026

    Valid 241630Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/CENTRAL GULF COAST...AND COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and severe wind
    gusts will be possible this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the Upper Midwest as well as the central High Plains. Other severe thunderstorms with mainly a damaging wind threat are possible across
    the central Gulf Coast and coastal Carolinas.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    Satellite/radar mosaic late this morning shows a cluster of storms
    moving south along the MS River. Mostly clear skies will promote
    additional heating to the south over the coastal plain, which will
    further destabilize the airmass and lead to steepening 0-2 km lapse
    rates (in excess of 8 deg C/km) as temperatures warm into the lower
    90s deg F. Deep-layer northerly steering flow will favor southward
    movement of the thunderstorm cluster and new updraft development on
    the leading edge of the cold pool. As this convection likely
    continues to develop and become surface-based through the mid
    afternoon, there will be a corresponding increase in potential for
    scattered wet microbursts (55-65 mph gusts capable of wind damage)
    with the stronger cores. This activity will likely push south of
    the coast by the early evening.

    ...Dakotas/Upper Midwest into the Central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over Alberta/Saskatchewan will move
    eastward across the Canadian prairie provinces through tonight, with
    a belt of moderately strong flow aloft and multiple MCVs influencing
    the northern Plains to Upper Midwest. Widely scattered
    thunderstorms are forecast to develop late this afternoon into the
    early evening within a moist/unstable airmass near an
    eastward-moving front and weak surface wave across central/eastern
    ND. Other convection may initiate and then move southeastward from south-central Canada. Around 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will
    support supercells initially with a large hail threat. The
    development of east/southeastward-moving clusters should eventually
    occur this evening, with scattered severe gusts possible.

    Farther south and a bit more removed from the stronger cyclonic flow
    aloft, additional high-based thunderstorms are expected to form by
    late afternoon/early evening across the Black Hills/western NE in
    the vicinity of the surface front. Strengthening and sufficient
    veering of winds with height through the mid levels should support
    initial supercells capable of large hail, prior to a clustering of
    these southeastward-moving thunderstorms. The risk for scattered
    severe gusts may linger through mid/late evening across the central
    High Plains before increasing MLCIN encourages gradual weakening.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    A larger-scale low/troughing centered over the St. Lawrence Valley
    will maintain cyclonic mid to high-level flow over the region this
    afternoon. The 12 UTC Charleston, SC and Newport, NC raobs showed a
    very unstable airmass in place to the southeast of a cold front
    draped over the Carolinas. Veering and strengthening flow with
    height will support deep-layer shear (30-35 kt) favorable for storm organization. The stronger storms will be capable of a
    hail/wind-damage risk this afternoon. See MCD #2112 for short-term
    details through early afternoon regarding severe potential.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Central Rockies...
    Isolated to scattered high-based thunderstorms are expected to
    develop this afternoon across parts of the northern Great Basin into
    the central Rockies amid steepening low-level lapse rates with a
    very well-mixed boundary layer. Since this convection will develop
    along the periphery of stronger flow aloft, modest organization is
    possible even though low-level moisture and related instability
    should remain weak. Occasional dry microbursts may occur, some of
    which could pose an isolated threat for severe gusts.

    ...Maine...
    Partly cloudy skies will promote some heating and resulting in
    weak instability (500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE) by early to mid afternoon.
    Forecast soundings show elongated hodographs due to a 100+ kt upper
    speed max overhead. A few of the stronger thunderstorms may be
    capable of a localized hail/wind risk for a few hours before this
    marginal threat subsides by early evening.

    ..Smith/Chalmers.. 08/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 24 20:02:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 242002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 242000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026

    Valid 242000Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...EASTERN IDAHO...CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY/CENTRAL GULF COAST...AND
    COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and severe wind
    gusts will be possible this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the Upper Midwest as well as the central High Plains. Other severe thunderstorms with mainly a damaging wind threat are possible across
    the central Gulf Coast, eastern Idaho, and coastal Carolinas.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Northern Great Basin...
    A targeted upgrade to a Level 2/Slight risk was introduced for
    portions of eastern Idaho where the latest HRRR/RRFS runs and TLE
    probabilities suggest a corridor of locally greater damaging/severe
    wind gust coverage may materialize in association with developing
    convection across southern Idaho given a favorable thermodynamic
    environment. Similarly, the 5% wind probability and CIG1 areas have
    also been expanded across adjacent areas of the northern Great Basin
    given the potential for high-based, loosely-organized convective
    clusters to produce isolated damaging/severe wind gusts. See MCD
    2115 for additional short-term details.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains generally on track with only minor
    adjustments made to the existing outlook. See the discussion below
    and MCDs 2116 and 2117 for additional short-term details.

    ..Chalmers/Moore.. 08/24/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1122 AM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026/

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    Satellite/radar mosaic late this morning shows a cluster of storms
    moving south along the MS River. Mostly clear skies will promote
    additional heating to the south over the coastal plain, which will
    further destabilize the airmass and lead to steepening 0-2 km lapse
    rates (in excess of 8 deg C/km) as temperatures warm into the lower
    90s deg F. Deep-layer northerly steering flow will favor southward
    movement of the thunderstorm cluster and new updraft development on
    the leading edge of the cold pool. As this convection likely
    continues to develop and become surface-based through the mid
    afternoon, there will be a corresponding increase in potential for
    scattered wet microbursts (55-65 mph gusts capable of wind damage)
    with the stronger cores. This activity will likely push south of
    the coast by the early evening.

    ...Dakotas/Upper Midwest into the Central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over Alberta/Saskatchewan will move
    eastward across the Canadian prairie provinces through tonight, with
    a belt of moderately strong flow aloft and multiple MCVs influencing
    the northern Plains to Upper Midwest. Widely scattered
    thunderstorms are forecast to develop late this afternoon into the
    early evening within a moist/unstable airmass near an
    eastward-moving front and weak surface wave across central/eastern
    ND. Other convection may initiate and then move southeastward from south-central Canada. Around 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will
    support supercells initially with a large hail threat. The
    development of east/southeastward-moving clusters should eventually
    occur this evening, with scattered severe gusts possible.

    Farther south and a bit more removed from the stronger cyclonic flow
    aloft, additional high-based thunderstorms are expected to form by
    late afternoon/early evening across the Black Hills/western NE in
    the vicinity of the surface front. Strengthening and sufficient
    veering of winds with height through the mid levels should support
    initial supercells capable of large hail, prior to a clustering of
    these southeastward-moving thunderstorms. The risk for scattered
    severe gusts may linger through mid/late evening across the central
    High Plains before increasing MLCIN encourages gradual weakening.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    A larger-scale low/troughing centered over the St. Lawrence Valley
    will maintain cyclonic mid to high-level flow over the region this
    afternoon. The 12 UTC Charleston, SC and Newport, NC raobs showed a
    very unstable airmass in place to the southeast of a cold front
    draped over the Carolinas. Veering and strengthening flow with
    height will support deep-layer shear (30-35 kt) favorable for storm organization. The stronger storms will be capable of a
    hail/wind-damage risk this afternoon. See MCD #2112 for short-term
    details through early afternoon regarding severe potential.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Central Rockies...
    Isolated to scattered high-based thunderstorms are expected to
    develop this afternoon across parts of the northern Great Basin into
    the central Rockies amid steepening low-level lapse rates with a
    very well-mixed boundary layer. Since this convection will develop
    along the periphery of stronger flow aloft, modest organization is
    possible even though low-level moisture and related instability
    should remain weak. Occasional dry microbursts may occur, some of
    which could pose an isolated threat for severe gusts.

    ...Maine...
    Partly cloudy skies will promote some heating and resulting in
    weak instability (500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE) by early to mid afternoon.
    Forecast soundings show elongated hodographs due to a 100+ kt upper
    speed max overhead. A few of the stronger thunderstorms may be
    capable of a localized hail/wind risk for a few hours before this
    marginal threat subsides by early evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 25 01:02:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Mon Aug 24 2026

    Valid 250100Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will remain possible this evening across
    eastern North Dakota/northwest Minnesota, as well as central South
    Dakota and western Nebraska, with large hail and damaging winds the
    primary hazards.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest and central High Plains...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms including a few supercells will
    continue across central South Dakota into northern Nebraska, and
    possibly west-central Nebraska within a zone of 60s F surface
    dewpoints and moderate instability ahead of a front and near a southward-extending pre-frontal trough. Large hail and damaging
    winds will remain possible this evening as storms persist
    southeastward.

    Somewhat richer low-level moisture exists ahead of the front across north-central/northeast South Dakota into eastern North Dakota where
    scattered severe storms continue this evening. 00z observed
    soundings from Aberdeen and Bismarck sampled effective shear around
    40 kt with 2000-2500 J/kg MLCAPE and steep mid-level lapse rates.
    Supercells will remain possible in the short-term, but a modest
    degree of upscale growth may occur as storms further cluster and
    progress southeastward with continued hail/wind potential at least
    through the evening.

    ...Northern Great Basin/north-central Rockies...
    A few stronger storms capable of gusty/potentially severe-caliber
    wind gusts will remain a possibility over the next hour or two this
    evening, with storm updraft/downdraft intensity expected to diminish thereafter.

    ..Guyer.. 08/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 25 05:59:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250559
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250557

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are likely across the central/southern
    Plains this afternoon and evening, and also possible across portions
    of the upper Mississippi Valley. Severe wind gusts and large hail
    are the primary hazards.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    The region will be influenced by a modest amplification of the
    large-scale pattern with a resultant increase in northwesterly flow
    aloft by late today into tonight, while a front progresses
    southeastward across the central High Plains. The front, as it
    intercepts a moist and moderate to strongly unstable boundary layer,
    will influence increasing thunderstorm development by mid/late
    afternoon, with an orographically influenced increase in
    thunderstorms also occurring along the Raton Mesa/Front Range.

    Influenced by the strengthening northwesterlies aloft, effective
    shear across Nebraska and western Kansas will generally at least be
    35-40 kt. On the eastern periphery of a stout elevated mixed layer,
    this will support some initial supercells capable of large hail,
    most probable across western/southern Nebraska into
    northern/possibly western Kansas.

    Influenced by the front and aggregating outflow, one or more southeastward-moving clusters capable of wind damage will likely
    evolve by evening across southern Nebraska and Kansas. While winds
    aloft will not be as strong, a similar upscale-growing quasi-linear
    trend will probably also occur with high-based storms from the Raton
    Mesa vicinity into the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles, and perhaps nearby
    Oklahoma, with severe-caliber wind gust potential spreading
    east-southeastward through the evening.

    ...Eastern Minnesota/western Wisconsin/western upper Michigan...
    A shortwave trough (and related mid/high-level speed max) will dig southeastward over southern Manitoba toward northern Minnesota and
    Lake Superior tonight. While residual early day convection and cloud
    cover may curb destabilization for a time, and keep the warm sector
    somewhat narrow, strong to severe thunderstorm development should
    occur near the eastward-advancing front by around mid/late
    afternoon. 60s F dewpoints will contribute to a zone of 2000+ J/kg
    MLCAPE across the eastern half of Minnesota/far northwest Wisconsin
    by peak heating. Some supercells will be possible aside from more
    prevalent multicells/small clusters. Large hail and damaging winds
    are expected to be the primary hazards, at least on a widely
    scattered basis.

    ...Coastal Southeast/middle Gulf Coast...
    A moist/unstable environment will be favorable for isolated
    pulse-type severe thunderstorms capable of water-loaded downdrafts
    and wind damage, particularly during mid/late afternoon through
    around sunset. This currently appears most probable across coastal
    South Carolina, southern Georgia and northern Florida, although some
    strong thunderstorm wind potential might also exist across the
    middle Gulf Coast such as southern Louisiana.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 08/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 25 12:42:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251242
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251240

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0740 AM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026

    Valid 251300Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS...AND EASTERN MINNESOTA INTO NORTHWEST
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across parts of the
    central/southern Plains this afternoon and evening, and also
    possible across portions of the upper Mississippi Valley. Severe
    wind gusts and large hail are the primary hazards.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    Between upper ridging centered over the Southwest and a shortwave
    trough over south-central Canada, the large-scale pattern across the central/southern Plains will undergo modest amplification, with a
    resultant increase in northwesterly flow aloft by late today into
    tonight. A surface cold front will also move southeastward across
    the central High Plains. Ongoing convection notwithstanding, this
    front will intercept a moist and unstable airmass into parts of
    western/central NE, which will likely aid additional thunderstorm
    development by mid to late afternoon. An orographically influenced
    increase in thunderstorms is also expected along the Raton
    Mesa/Front Range regions.

    With gradually strengthening northwesterlies aloft through the
    afternoon, effective bulk shear across NE and western KS will
    generally reach 30-40 kt. This region will exist on the eastern
    periphery of a stout EML, which should support some initial
    supercells capable of large hail, most probable across
    western/southern NE into northern/western KS. Influenced by the
    front and aggregating outflow, one or more southeastward-moving
    clusters capable of producing severe gusts (some 75+ mph) and wind
    damage should evolve this evening across southern NE into KS.

    Farther south, a similar upscale-growing trend will probably also
    occur with high-based thunderstorms developing off the Raton Mesa
    vicinity into the OK/TX Panhandles, and perhaps eventually western
    OK. Even though mid-level winds and deep-layer shear will remain
    more modest with southward extent into these areas, a favorable
    thermodynamic environment with rather steep low/mid-level lapse
    rates should support isolated to scattered severe/damaging winds
    spreading east-southeastward through the evening with this
    convection.

    ...Eastern Minnesota/Western Wisconsin/Western Upper Michigan...
    A mid-level shortwave trough (and related mid/high-level westerly
    jet) will dig southeastward from southern Manitoba toward northern
    MN and Lake Superior through the period. Ongoing morning convection
    and cloud cover may curb destabilization to some extent, and keep
    the surface warm sector relatively narrow this afternoon. Even so,
    strong to severe thunderstorm development should still occur near an eastward-advancing cold front by mid/late afternoon. Diurnal heating
    of a moist low-level airmass (generally 60s surface dewpoints) will
    contribute to a narrow zone of around 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE across
    the eastern half of MN/far northwest WI ahead of the front by late
    afternoon. Some supercells will be possible initially, aside from
    more prevalent multicells/clusters. Large hail and damaging winds
    are expected to be the primary hazards as convection tracks eastward
    through the evening, before weakening commences with the onset of
    nocturnal cooling.

    ...Southeast...
    While mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear are expected to
    remain weak, a moist and moderately unstable airmass will exist
    along/south of a stalled front across the Southeast today. As
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen through the afternoon,
    isolated pulse-type thunderstorms capable of producing water-loaded
    downdrafts and occasional wind damage may occur. This currently
    appears most probable across parts of coastal SC into southern GA
    and northern FL, although some gusty thunderstorm winds may also
    occur across parts of the central Gulf Coast, such as southern LA.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 25 16:32:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026

    Valid 251630Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE TEXAS
    PANHANDLE...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR EASTERN
    MINNESOTA INTO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN AND PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across parts of the
    central/southern Plains this afternoon and evening, and also
    possible across portions of the Upper Midwest. Severe wind gusts
    and large hail are the primary hazards.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    A prominent mid-level anticyclone will remain centered over NM with
    a couple of weak disturbances cresting the ridge. A lead vorticity
    max associated with morning showers/thunderstorms over western KS
    will continue slowly east-southeastward while an upstream
    disturbance over central CO moves into the central High Plains by
    late afternoon. In the low levels, a cold front extending
    southwestward from the Upper Midwest into the central High Plains
    will undergo frontolysis across the central High Plains. Farther
    south, a stationary boundary sagging southward to near I-40 in the
    TX Panhandle will extend east-northeast into north-central OK.
    North of the TX-OK boundary, a moisture plume with slightly richer
    low-level moisture analyzed this morning protrudes westward from
    north-central OK into the High Plains.

    Weak ascent associated with the disturbance moving into the High
    Plains later this afternoon combined with very strong heating will
    favor isolated to widely scattered initial storm development over
    the High Plains, particularly near the Raton Mesa where upslope flow
    is expected. Models generally show moderate buoyancy developing by
    mid afternoon with the stronger mid to high-level flow across
    western NE and decreasing with south extent. Supercells will be
    favored initially over parts of western NE with an attendant hail
    risk and with some clustering possible during the evening
    (severe-wind hazard). Farther south, have upgraded to 30-percent
    wind probabilities due primarily to increased confidence in a
    focused severe-wind threat forecast across the TX Panhandle late
    this afternoon through the evening. There is seemingly large model agreement/notable consistency in 00z and 12z AI and CAM ensembles,
    and time-lagged CAM explicit wind guidance and depictions of a
    linear mode within a very well mixed boundary layer which will be
    favorable for severe gusts (60-85 mph).

    ...Eastern Minnesota/Western Wisconsin/Western Upper Michigan...
    A mid-level shortwave trough (and related mid/high-level westerly
    jet) will dig southeastward from southern Manitoba toward northern
    MN and Lake Superior through the period. An adequately moist and
    destabilizing airmass will develop immediately ahead of an
    eastward-advancing cold front by mid/late afternoon. Models show a
    narrow zone of around 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE across the eastern half
    of MN/far northwest WI ahead of the front by late afternoon. Some
    supercells will be possible initially, aside from more prevalent multicells/clusters. Large hail and damaging winds are expected to
    be the primary hazards before storms gradually weaken during the
    evening.

    ...Southeast...
    While mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear are expected to
    remain weak, a moist and moderately unstable airmass will exist
    along/south of a stalled front across the Southeast today. As
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen through the afternoon,
    isolated pulse-type thunderstorms capable of producing water-loaded
    downdrafts and perhaps localized wind damage via 50-60 mph gusts.
    See MCD #2125 for short-term details regarding a potential isolated
    wind damage threat developing early this afternoon.

    ..Smith/Chalmers.. 08/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Aug 25 19:57:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026

    Valid 252000Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE TEXAS
    PANHANDLE...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR EASTERN
    MINNESOTA INTO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN AND PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across parts of the
    central/southern Plains this afternoon and evening, and also
    possible across portions of the Upper Midwest. Severe wind gusts and
    large hail are the primary hazards.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Central High Plains...
    The 15% wind/hail probability areas (and the corresponding Level
    2/Slight Risk area) were shifted westward with this outlook update
    based on the latest HRRR/RRFS and time-lagged ensemble guidance that
    suggest greater storm coverage is more likely from the southern
    Nebraska Panhandle into northeastern Colorado, southwestern
    Nebraska, and northwestern Kansas. The eastern extent of these
    probabilities was also trimmed across portions of south-central
    Nebraska and north-central Kansas where recent guidance is more
    suggestive of lower storm coverage.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains generally on track with only minor
    changes made to the existing outlook. See the discussion below and
    MCD 2127 for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 08/25/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026/

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    A prominent mid-level anticyclone will remain centered over NM with
    a couple of weak disturbances cresting the ridge. A lead vorticity
    max associated with morning showers/thunderstorms over western KS
    will continue slowly east-southeastward while an upstream
    disturbance over central CO moves into the central High Plains by
    late afternoon. In the low levels, a cold front extending
    southwestward from the Upper Midwest into the central High Plains
    will undergo frontolysis across the central High Plains. Farther
    south, a stationary boundary sagging southward to near I-40 in the
    TX Panhandle will extend east-northeast into north-central OK.
    North of the TX-OK boundary, a moisture plume with slightly richer
    low-level moisture analyzed this morning protrudes westward from
    north-central OK into the High Plains.

    Weak ascent associated with the disturbance moving into the High
    Plains later this afternoon combined with very strong heating will
    favor isolated to widely scattered initial storm development over
    the High Plains, particularly near the Raton Mesa where upslope flow
    is expected. Models generally show moderate buoyancy developing by
    mid afternoon with the stronger mid to high-level flow across
    western NE and decreasing with south extent. Supercells will be
    favored initially over parts of western NE with an attendant hail
    risk and with some clustering possible during the evening
    (severe-wind hazard). Farther south, have upgraded to 30-percent
    wind probabilities due primarily to increased confidence in a
    focused severe-wind threat forecast across the TX Panhandle late
    this afternoon through the evening. There is seemingly large model agreement/notable consistency in 00z and 12z AI and CAM ensembles,
    and time-lagged CAM explicit wind guidance and depictions of a
    linear mode within a very well mixed boundary layer which will be
    favorable for severe gusts (60-85 mph).

    ...Eastern Minnesota/Western Wisconsin/Western Upper Michigan...
    A mid-level shortwave trough (and related mid/high-level westerly
    jet) will dig southeastward from southern Manitoba toward northern
    MN and Lake Superior through the period. An adequately moist and
    destabilizing airmass will develop immediately ahead of an
    eastward-advancing cold front by mid/late afternoon. Models show a
    narrow zone of around 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE across the eastern half
    of MN/far northwest WI ahead of the front by late afternoon. Some
    supercells will be possible initially, aside from more prevalent multicells/clusters. Large hail and damaging winds are expected to
    be the primary hazards before storms gradually weaken during the
    evening.

    ...Southeast...
    While mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear are expected to
    remain weak, a moist and moderately unstable airmass will exist
    along/south of a stalled front across the Southeast today. As
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen through the afternoon,
    isolated pulse-type thunderstorms capable of producing water-loaded
    downdrafts and perhaps localized wind damage via 50-60 mph gusts.
    See MCD #2125 for short-term details regarding a potential isolated
    wind damage threat developing early this afternoon.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 26 01:01:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Tue Aug 25 2026

    Valid 260100Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms remain possible this evening across parts of
    the central/southern Plains, and also across portions of the Upper
    Midwest. Severe wind gusts and isolated large hail are the primary
    hazards.

    ...Southern/central High Plains...
    A storm cluster is moving southeastward across the TX/OK Panhandles
    this evening. A short-term threat for strong to severe gusts will
    persist through the evening with this cluster. The evolution of this
    cluster as it moves into a region influenced by westward-moving
    outflow is unclear. Cooler temperatures and weaker low-level lapse
    rates are observed within this outflow, though richer low-level
    moisture and stronger MUCAPE also noted, which may help to sustain
    the ongoing cluster and an attendant severe-wind threat through the
    evening.

    Farther north, widely scattered strong to severe storms are ongoing
    across parts of the central High Plains. Moderate buoyancy and
    effective shear of 30-40 kt will continue to support a threat of
    isolated hail and localized strong to severe gusts through dusk.
    Increasing CINH should eventually lead to a weakening trend later
    tonight, though any storm clustering this evening could lead to a
    longer duration of localized severe-wind potential. See MCD 2132 for
    more information regarding the short-term threat in this area.

    ...Parts of WI/Upper MI...
    Occasional strong to severe storms have been noted within a storm
    cluster across northwest WI this evening. MLCAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg
    and 30-40 kt of effective shear largely orthogonal to the surface
    front/trough will continue to support supercell potential through
    dusk, before a gradual weakening trend is expected. See MCD 2133 and
    WW 626 for more information.

    ..Dean.. 08/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 26 05:36:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260536
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260534

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 AM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...OZARKS/MID-SOUTH...AND MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe storms are expected across parts
    of the central and southern High Plains, Great Lakes into the Ohio
    Valley, and parts of the Ozarks to Lower Mississippi Valley.
    Damaging/severe gusts are the main threat across these regions,
    though large hail is also possible, particularly across the High
    Plains.

    ...Lower MI into parts of northwest OH...IN/IL...Eastern MO...
    A mid/upper trough will move from the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest
    toward the Lower Great Lakes/Ohio Valley through the period. A
    surface low will move across Ontario, as a trailing cold front moves
    across parts of the Great Lakes and Ohio/mid MS Valleys. Moderate to
    locally strong destabilization is generally expected along/ahead of
    the front from parts of MO/IL/IN into lower MI, though early-day
    convection and cloudiness could limit heating/destabilization with
    northward extent. Scattered storm development is expected along the
    front during the afternoon, which will spread east-southeastward
    into the early evening.

    Effective shear of generally 30-40 kt will support some storm
    organization, with a few supercells and/or organized line segments
    possible. Damaging winds and large hail could accompany the
    strongest storms. If any supercells can be sustained, then some
    tornado potential cannot be ruled out, especially from northern IN
    into parts of lower MI, where some enhancement to low-level
    shear/SRH is currently forecast.

    ...Parts of the Ozarks into the Lower MS Valley...
    Guidance varies regarding potential for morning convection across
    southeast MO. If substantial early-day convection does develop, then
    a loosely organized cluster could evolve and move southeastward into
    parts of western TN and northern MS/AL, with wind-damage potential.
    Otherwise, scattered storm development is expected from southern MO
    into AR and eastern OK by late afternoon, potentially aided by an
    MCV that may emerge from parts of the southern Plains. Deep-layer
    shear will be marginally supportive of storm organization, and
    relatively large PW and buoyancy will support potential for
    downbursts and loosely organized clusters with a wind-damage threat.
    Isolated hail also cannot be ruled out with the strongest updrafts.
    Some guidance depicts maintenance of a southward-moving storm
    cluster into late tonight, resulting in some wind-damage potential
    spreading into parts of southern LA/MS before the end of the period.

    ...Central/southern High Plains...
    Across the central High Plains, relatively moist low-level easterly
    flow and diurnal heating will result in moderate destabilization
    this afternoon. Scattered storm development is expected by late
    afternoon, with sufficient effective shear within the northwesterly
    flow regime for organized multicells and possibly a few supercells.
    Large hail (potentially approaching 2 inches in diameter) and
    localized severe gusts will be the primary threats. Some
    clustering/upscale growth is possible during the evening, which
    could result in maintenance of a severe-wind threat into parts of
    western KS.

    For the southern High Plains, deep-layer shear will generally be
    weaker compared to areas farther north, with relatively disorganized
    convection expected. However, storm development within a very warm
    and well-mixed environment will support potential for at least
    localized severe gusts as convection spreads from eastern NM into
    the TX/OK Panhandles. Depending on trends regarding storm coverage
    and clustering within this regime, greater wind probabilities may
    eventually be needed.

    ..Dean/Weinman.. 08/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 26 12:46:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 261246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261245

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 AM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026

    Valid 261300Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES/MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND
    OZARKS/MID-SOUTH INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast today
    across parts of the southern Great Lakes into the Midwest,
    central/southern High Plains, and the Ozarks into the Mid-South and
    Lower Mississippi Valley. Severe/damaging winds should be the main
    threat across these regions, though large hail is also possible,
    particularly across the central High Plains.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into the Midwest...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over the upper Great Lakes this morning
    will progress eastward today across southern Ontario. The basal
    portion of this trough will overspread parts of the southern Great
    Lakes and Midwest, with a surface cold front moving
    east-southeastward across these regions as well. Lapse rates aloft
    are forecast to remain rather poor, which may tend to limit updraft
    strength to some extent. Still, a corridor of destabilization is
    expected along/ahead of the front through the afternoon, with at
    least moderate instability likely from eastern IL northeastward into
    southern Lower MI. Thunderstorms should develop along/ahead of the
    front as convective temperatures are reached by 19-22Z.
    Low/mid-level winds will tend to remain fairly modest and veered to
    westerly, with up to 25-35 kt of deep-layer shear fostering some
    updraft organization.

    A mix of multicell clusters and marginal supercells should pose a
    threat for both hail and damaging winds, with the wind threat
    potentially becoming the primary risk with eastward extent into the
    Midwest as thunderstorms grow upscale. A brief embedded tornado may
    also occur, but low-level flow is forecast to remain rather veered,
    with limited hodograph curvature noted in most NAM/RAP forecast
    soundings. The overall severe threat will likely diminish quickly
    this evening as convection outpaces the low-level
    moisture/instability, and as nocturnal cooling of the boundary layer
    occurs.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid-South and Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Thunderstorms have developed this morning across southeast MO/far
    southern IL, and they should continue to track south-southeastward
    into the Mid-South along the MUCAPE gradient noted in latest
    mesoanalysis. While sub-severe for now given substantial MLCIN
    present, there is some potential for this activity to persist and
    eventually strengthen later today across parts of western TN into
    northern MS and vicinity as the boundary layer gradually
    destabilizes. Have adjusted/expanded wind probabilities a bit
    eastward in western TN/northern MS into northern/central AL to
    account for this possibility.

    Otherwise, additional thunderstorm development is also likely this
    afternoon along/near a weak surface front from southern MO into AR
    and eastern OK. This activity may be aided by a remnant MCV that
    will move eastward across the southern Plains through the day.
    Modest deep-layer shear should support some updraft organization,
    with multicell clusters likely the dominant mode. High total
    precipitable water values and large buoyancy will support robust
    downbursts with primarily a scattered damaging wind threat.
    Occasional hail may also occur with the strongest cores given the
    degree of instability forecast. Some high-resolution guidance
    continues to show a southward-moving storm cluster across the lower
    MS Valley this evening/tonight. As such, there is potential for at
    least isolated damaging winds to persist across parts of southern
    LA/MS.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...
    Around 25-35 kt of west-northwesterly mid-level flow will be present
    over the southern/central High Plains today, with a mid/upper-level
    ridge remaining centered over the Southwest/Four Corners. Modest
    low-level upslope flow across the central High Plains should support
    convective initiation by early/mid afternoon over the higher terrain
    and Front Range. Moderate instability aided by modestly steepened
    mid-level lapse rates and sufficient deep-layer shear should all act
    to aid updraft organization, with both supercells and clusters
    possible. There is still some uncertainty with convective
    development farther east across southwest NE this afternoon
    along/near a front. But, any thunderstorms that can form and persist
    across this area would also pose a severe risk. Both large hail and
    severe gusts may occur with convection that spreads
    east-southeastward through the afternoon and evening, with some
    potential for upscale growth/additional clustering into western KS
    this evening.

    Farther south across the southern High Plains, mid-level flow and
    related deep-layer shear should be somewhat weaker. Still,
    convection that develops across central into eastern NM may become
    loosely organized while posing an isolated threat for severe gusts
    given the presence of a very well-mixed boundary layer. This threat
    may continue into parts of the OK/TX Panhandles and west TX through
    the evening before eventually weakening.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 26 16:28:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 261628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026

    Valid 261630Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES/MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND
    OZARKS/MID-SOUTH INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast today
    across parts of the southern Great Lakes into the Midwest,
    central/southern High Plains, and the Ozarks into the Mid-South and
    Lower Mississippi Valley. Severe/damaging winds should be the main
    threat across these regions, though large hail is also possible,
    particularly across the central High Plains.

    ...Mid-South/TN Valley...
    An MCS continues to push gradually southward/southeastward across
    western and middle TN. The downstream airmass is heating and
    destabilizing, but vertical shear remains weak and the overall
    system has not strengthened notably in the past hour.
    Destabilization across the region is strongest from the Mid-South
    into the Lower MS Valley, where dewpoints are largely in the mid
    70s. Less low-level moisture is noted from middle TN into northern
    AL, but airmass destabilization is still anticipated amid modest
    heating. The general expectation is for the MCS to continue, but
    with new and/or stronger updrafts likely trending towards the
    western flank where the buoyancy is greatest. Even then, the lack of
    stronger vertical shear suggests an outflow-dominant mode with
    minimal organization. As such, sporadic damaging gusts are possible, particularly via updraft augmentation via storm interactions, but
    the current magnitude and orientation of the wind probability seems
    sufficient.

    ...Arklatex across much of AR into the Mid-South/Lower MS Valley...
    A somewhat separate area of thunderstorm development is anticipated
    this afternoon west of what was discussed in the previous paragraph,
    although some interaction between these two regimes may occur over
    the Mid-South vicinity. Recent surface observations depict a surface
    low along the central TX/OK border (in the GYI/DUA vicinity). This
    low is forecast to progress gradually eastward into a moist and
    diurnally destabilized airmass from the Arklatex across much of AR
    and northern LA. A weak MCV, noted in visible satellite imagery,
    lags behind this surface low, and could augment ascent as it too
    moves eastward. Low-level convergence on a stalled frontal boundary
    that extends across central AR as well as along a front approaching
    northern AR this evening could act as additional mechanisms for
    thunderstorm initiation. All of these factors will likely result in
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms across the region.

    Modest deep-layer shear should support some updraft organization,
    with multicell clusters likely the dominant mode. High total
    precipitable water values and large buoyancy will support robust
    downbursts capable of damaging wind gusts. Strong buoyancy could
    support occasional hail as well. Clustering may eventually result in
    several bowing segments this evening. As such, there is potential
    for at least isolated damaging winds to persist across parts of
    southern LA/MS.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into the Midwest...
    Satellite imagery continues to show a well-defined shortwave trough
    moving across the Upper Great Lakes. Primary surface low associated
    with this system is occluded over northwest Ontario, but a secondary
    triple point low is moving across Upper MI. This system is forecast
    to move eastward today, with the attendant cold front progressing southeastward. Modest low-level moisture advection and heating ahead
    of this front will result in a corridor of moderate to strong
    buoyancy from central IL northeastward into southern Lower MI.
    Thunderstorm development is anticipated within this corridor this
    afternoon.

    Low/mid-level winds will tend to remain fairly modest and veered,
    but 25-35 kt of deep-layer shear should foster some updraft
    organization. A mix of multicell clusters and marginal supercells
    should pose a threat for both hail and damaging winds, with the wind
    threat potentially becoming the primary risk with eastward extent
    into the Midwest as thunderstorms grow upscale. Veered low-level
    flow should keep the tornado potential low. The overall severe
    threat will likely diminish quickly this evening as convection
    outpaces the low-level moisture/instability, and nocturnal cooling
    stabilizes the boundary layer.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low levels across the central High Plains are currently
    characterized by dewpoints in the upper 50s and low 60s. Modest
    low-level upslope flow will help maintain this low-level moisture
    through the afternoon. This moisture combined with diurnal heating
    and steep mid-level lapse rates will result in airmass
    destabilization and moderate buoyancy by the late afternoon.
    Additionally, southern periphery of the enhanced northwesterly flow
    extending from the northern Plains into the Mid MS Valley will be
    over the central High Plains, resulting in 25 to 35 kt of effective
    bulk shear. Late afternoon thunderstorm development is anticipated
    within this environment, with some isolated supercells possible.
    Hail will be the primary risk initially, particularly across the CO
    Foothills. A trend towards clustering and more damaging wind
    potential is expected as this activity spreads east-southeastward
    through the evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear should be somewhat
    weaker than areas farther north. Still, convection that develops
    across central into eastern NM may become loosely organized while
    posing an isolated threat for severe gusts given the presence of a
    very well-mixed boundary layer. This threat may continue into parts
    of the OK/TX Panhandles and west TX through the evening before
    eventually weakening.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 08/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Aug 26 20:01:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 262001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026

    Valid 262000Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES/MIDWEST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND
    OZARKS/MID SOUTH INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast today
    across parts of the southern Great Lakes into the Midwest,
    central/southern High Plains, and the Ozarks into the Mid-South and
    Lower Mississippi Valley. Severe/damaging winds should be the main
    threat across these regions, though large hail is also possible,
    particularly across the central High Plains.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Central Great Plains...
    Visible satellite imagery depicts an area of agitated cumulus
    developing in close proximity to a weak surface boundary across
    eastern Colorado. Recent HRRR/RRFS runs are split on the evolution
    of this convection, with the HRRR suggesting minimal thunderstorm
    development and the RRFS depicting the development of a southeastward-propagating cluster. This scenario remains uncertain;
    however, the 5% wind probabilities have been expanded southeastward
    to account for the potential for a cluster of thunderstorms to
    evolve from this region. See MCD 2139 for additional short-term
    information.

    ...Mid-South and Lower Great Lakes...
    Severe probabilities were trimmed slightly across portions of
    northeastern IL, northwestern IN, and southwestern MI in the wake of
    ongoing convection and the passage of a surface cold front. Severe probabilities were also trimmed across portions of the Mid South
    where increased low-level static stability owing to outflow from
    prior convection casts uncertainty on additional convective
    development this afternoon/evening.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains largely on track with only minor
    changes made to the existing outlook. See the text below for
    additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 08/26/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026/

    ...Mid-South/TN Valley...
    An MCS continues to push gradually southward/southeastward across
    western and middle TN. The downstream airmass is heating and
    destabilizing, but vertical shear remains weak and the overall
    system has not strengthened notably in the past hour.
    Destabilization across the region is strongest from the Mid-South
    into the Lower MS Valley, where dewpoints are largely in the mid
    70s. Less low-level moisture is noted from middle TN into northern
    AL, but airmass destabilization is still anticipated amid modest
    heating. The general expectation is for the MCS to continue, but
    with new and/or stronger updrafts likely trending towards the
    western flank where the buoyancy is greatest. Even then, the lack of
    stronger vertical shear suggests an outflow-dominant mode with
    minimal organization. As such, sporadic damaging gusts are possible, particularly via updraft augmentation via storm interactions, but
    the current magnitude and orientation of the wind probability seems
    sufficient.

    ...Arklatex across much of AR into the Mid-South/Lower MS Valley...
    A somewhat separate area of thunderstorm development is anticipated
    this afternoon west of what was discussed in the previous paragraph,
    although some interaction between these two regimes may occur over
    the Mid-South vicinity. Recent surface observations depict a surface
    low along the central TX/OK border (in the GYI/DUA vicinity). This
    low is forecast to progress gradually eastward into a moist and
    diurnally destabilized airmass from the Arklatex across much of AR
    and northern LA. A weak MCV, noted in visible satellite imagery,
    lags behind this surface low, and could augment ascent as it too
    moves eastward. Low-level convergence on a stalled frontal boundary
    that extends across central AR as well as along a front approaching
    northern AR this evening could act as additional mechanisms for
    thunderstorm initiation. All of these factors will likely result in
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms across the region.

    Modest deep-layer shear should support some updraft organization,
    with multicell clusters likely the dominant mode. High total
    precipitable water values and large buoyancy will support robust
    downbursts capable of damaging wind gusts. Strong buoyancy could
    support occasional hail as well. Clustering may eventually result in
    several bowing segments this evening. As such, there is potential
    for at least isolated damaging winds to persist across parts of
    southern LA/MS.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into the Midwest...
    Satellite imagery continues to show a well-defined shortwave trough
    moving across the Upper Great Lakes. Primary surface low associated
    with this system is occluded over northwest Ontario, but a secondary
    triple point low is moving across Upper MI. This system is forecast
    to move eastward today, with the attendant cold front progressing southeastward. Modest low-level moisture advection and heating ahead
    of this front will result in a corridor of moderate to strong
    buoyancy from central IL northeastward into southern Lower MI.
    Thunderstorm development is anticipated within this corridor this
    afternoon.

    Low/mid-level winds will tend to remain fairly modest and veered,
    but 25-35 kt of deep-layer shear should foster some updraft
    organization. A mix of multicell clusters and marginal supercells
    should pose a threat for both hail and damaging winds, with the wind
    threat potentially becoming the primary risk with eastward extent
    into the Midwest as thunderstorms grow upscale. Veered low-level
    flow should keep the tornado potential low. The overall severe
    threat will likely diminish quickly this evening as convection
    outpaces the low-level moisture/instability, and nocturnal cooling
    stabilizes the boundary layer.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low levels across the central High Plains are currently
    characterized by dewpoints in the upper 50s and low 60s. Modest
    low-level upslope flow will help maintain this low-level moisture
    through the afternoon. This moisture combined with diurnal heating
    and steep mid-level lapse rates will result in airmass
    destabilization and moderate buoyancy by the late afternoon.
    Additionally, southern periphery of the enhanced northwesterly flow
    extending from the northern Plains into the Mid MS Valley will be
    over the central High Plains, resulting in 25 to 35 kt of effective
    bulk shear. Late afternoon thunderstorm development is anticipated
    within this environment, with some isolated supercells possible.
    Hail will be the primary risk initially, particularly across the CO
    Foothills. A trend towards clustering and more damaging wind
    potential is expected as this activity spreads east-southeastward
    through the evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Mid-level flow and related deep-layer shear should be somewhat
    weaker than areas farther north. Still, convection that develops
    across central into eastern NM may become loosely organized while
    posing an isolated threat for severe gusts given the presence of a
    very well-mixed boundary layer. This threat may continue into parts
    of the OK/TX Panhandles and west TX through the evening before
    eventually weakening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 27 01:00:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 270100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 270058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Wed Aug 26 2026

    Valid 270100Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND ALSO FROM THE ARKLATEX TO THE ARKLAMISS
    REGIONS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered strong to severe thunderstorms remain
    possible tonight across parts of the central and southern High
    Plains, parts of Arkansas into the lower Mississippi Valley, and
    parts of the Midwest and Ohio Valley.

    ...Central/southern High Plains...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are ongoing this evening
    across parts of the central/southern High Plains. The most favorable environment resides from eastern CO into western KS, with moderate
    buoyancy and effective shear of 30-40 kt within a northwesterly flow
    regime. The strongest discrete cells in this area will continue to
    pose a threat of hail and localized severe gusts. Some modest
    clustering remains possible with time, which could result in at
    least an isolated severe-wind threat as convection spreads into
    western KS later tonight.

    Deep-layer flow/shear is generally weaker across the southern High
    Plains, but localized strong to severe gusts will remain possible
    within the well-mixed environment through at least dusk.

    ...AR into the Lower MS Valley...
    Widespread deep convection from southeastern OK into
    central/southern AR may eventually evolve into a loosely organized, outflow-driven cluster with time this evening. This could result in
    a threat for scattered wind damage spreading into northern LA
    through the evening, with an isolated threat possible later tonight
    as storms approach the LA/MS Gulf Coasts.

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    Scattered storms are ongoing from parts of Lower MI into parts of
    the Midwest/Ohio Valley. The combination of moderate buoyancy and
    marginal deep-layer shear (generally 25-35 kt of effective shear)
    has only been supportive of an isolated severe threat thus far. No
    substantial improvement in the environment is expected through the
    evening, but ongoing storms may continue to pose an isolated severe
    threat before convection generally subsides later tonight.

    ..Dean.. 08/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 27 05:58:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 270557
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 270555

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST...AND ALSO ACROSS PARTS OF
    WESTERN/CENTRAL NE INTO NORTHWEST KS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of the Northeast today. Damaging wind, hail and a tornado or two may
    accompany these storms. Large to very large hail and severe gusts
    are also possible across parts of western Nebraska and northwest
    Kansas.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Northeast into parts of the central/southern
    Appalachians...
    An upper trough will remain in place over much of the eastern CONUS
    today. Moderate destabilization will be possible along/ahead of a
    weak surface trough/front extending from central NY/PA into the central/southern Appalachians. Scattered thunderstorm development is
    expected by mid/late afternoon, with sufficient deep-layer
    flow/shear for some storm organization (especially from the northern Mid-Atlantic into the Northeast). The strongest cells/clusters will
    be capable of producing scattered damaging winds and at least
    isolated hail. Modestly enlarged low-level hodographs may also
    support some brief-tornado potential. Some severe threat may persist
    into the evening before storms weaken and/or move offshore.

    Father south, deep-layer flow/shear will be weaker into parts of the central/southern Appalachians, but scattered storm development
    within a relatively warm and well-mixed environment will support
    potential for localized strong/damaging gusts.

    ...Central Plains...
    Moderate to locally strong destabilization is expected across parts
    of the central High Plains this afternoon, beneath modest
    northwesterly mid/upper-level flow. While large-scale ascent will
    generally remain rather modest, a subtle midlevel vorticity maximum
    may aid in isolated to widely scattered storm development from far
    southwest SD into western/central NE. Deep-layer shear will be
    sufficient for supercells, with steep lapse rates and relatively
    elongated hodographs supporting potential for large to very large
    hail, in addition to a threat for localized severe gusts. 00Z CAM
    guidance shows some uptick in storm coverage within this favorable
    environment, and a 15% hail area has been added for parts of
    west-central NE into northwest KS. Some guidance (notably the 00Z
    HRRR) also shows upscale growth and an attendant swath of
    severe-wind potential, though this scenario remains more uncertain.
    Greater wind probabilities may eventually be needed if confidence
    increases in the MCS scenario.

    Surrounding the Level-2/Slight Risk, a more isolated threat of
    severe hail and wind may accompany the strongest cells from parts of
    the Raton Mesa and CO Front Range vicinity into eastern WY.

    ...Western/central Montana...
    Despite rather limited low-level moisture, widely scattered storm
    development is expected this afternoon across parts of
    western/central MT, aided by strong heating and the influence of a
    midlevel shortwave trough and jet maximum that are forecast to crest
    the amplified upper ridge that is covering much of the interior
    West. Steep lapse rates will support potential for localized
    downbursts and strong to severe outflow gusts as storms spread east-northeastward across MT.

    ...Northeast NV/northwest UT/southeast ID...
    High-based storm development is also expected from parts of
    northeast NV into northwest UT and southeast ID. While deep-layer
    flow and storm organization will likely be somewhat weaker compared
    to areas farther north, steep lapse rates and large DCAPE will
    support potential for strong to severe outflow gusts from this
    afternoon into the early evening.

    ...South-central TX into the LA Gulf Coast region...
    Uncertainty remains regarding how far south an ongoing storm cluster
    and its attendant outflow will move across parts of LA/MS early this
    morning. If this cluster persists to the beginning of the forecast
    period (as forecast by the 00Z HRRR), then a localized wind-damage
    threat will be possible near the immediate LA/MS Gulf Coast before
    storms move offshore. If the cluster weakens and more substantial
    recovery and diurnal destabilization occurs later today (as forecast
    by more recent HRRR runs and some other HREF members), then storm
    redevelopment will be possible by afternoon, potentially aided by a
    remnant MCV. This scenario could also result in a localized
    wind-damage threat.

    Farther west, scattered storm development is forecast across
    south-central TX this afternoon, near a weak southward-moving cold
    front. Deep-layer shear will likely remain quite weak, but moderate
    buoyancy, large PW, and steep low-level lapse rates will support
    potential for localized downbursts. Despite the weak shear, the
    northerly flow regime may result in one or more outflow-driven
    clusters that will move southward into the early evening before
    weakening.

    ..Dean/Weinman.. 08/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 27 12:40:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271240
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271238

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0738 AM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026

    Valid 271300Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC/NORTHEAST...AND THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic today. Damaging winds, severe
    hail, and a tornado or two may accompany these thunderstorms. Large
    to very large hail and severe gusts are also possible across parts
    of southwest South Dakota into western/central Nebraska and
    northwest Kansas.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    An elongated mid/upper-level trough with closed low over Hudson Bay
    will encompass much of the eastern CONUS today. Embedded within this large-scale troughing, a mid-level shortwave trough with modestly
    enhanced southwesterly winds (around 25-35 kt) will advance
    northeastward through the day across the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast.
    At the surface, a weak low over eastern Ontario will develop into
    Quebec this afternoon, with a trailing cold front advancing
    southeastward across the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast through the period.
    Stronger daytime heating is forecast with southward extent across
    the Mid-Atlantic ahead of the cold front, with cloud cover
    potentially limiting heating somewhat across the Northeast. Even so,
    a zone of moderate instability should develop by this afternoon
    across these regions, with sufficient deep-layer shear for some
    updraft organization. Current expectations are for thunderstorms to
    gradually increase in coverage and intensity by 17-20Z ahead of the
    surface front and a lee trough along/east of the Appalachians. A mix
    of multicells and supercells should pose a threat for both severe
    hail and damaging winds, especially from the northern Mid-Atlantic
    northward into NY and vicinity. A tornado or two may also occur,
    with modest hodograph curvature noted in various NAM/RAP forecast
    soundings from northern MD northeastward to western New England.

    ...Central Plains...
    The central Plains will be sandwiched between upper ridging over the
    Southwest and upper troughing over eastern Canada today, with modest northwesterly flow aloft persisting through the period. Large-scale
    ascent is forecast to remain rather weak/nebulous, with some
    guidance suggesting a weak mid-level impulse will crest the ridge
    and aid convective initiation across parts of southwest SD into
    western/central NE this afternoon. A corridor of greater low-level
    moisture (generally 60s surface dewpoints) will be in place across
    this region. Daytime heating of this moist airmass coupled with the
    presence of steep mid-level lapse rates will help foster moderate to
    locally strong instability and erode lingering MLCIN by 19-21Z.
    While robust convective development and overall coverage still
    remains somewhat uncertain given the weak forcing, a rather
    favorable environment for supercells will exist. Any sustained
    supercells will be capable of producing large hail (some 2+ inches)
    as they track south-southeastward through the late afternoon into
    the evening. The potential for severe/damaging gusts is also
    uncertain, as most guidance does not show a cluster developing this
    evening. An isolated threat for severe hail/gusts may also exist
    farther west/south across the CO Front Range to Raton Mesa vicinity,
    although deep-layer shear should be weaker across these areas.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    A mid-level jet on the southeast periphery of upper troughing over
    the eastern Pacific and western Canada will translate northeastward
    across the northern Rockies today. Enhanced west-southwesterly flow
    and lift associated with this jet will likely aid isolated to
    scattered thunderstorm development this afternoon across parts of
    the northern Rockies, with this activity spreading into the adjacent
    High Plains through the evening. While low-level moisture will
    remain limited/shallow across these regions, steep low/mid-level
    lapse rates amid a well-mixed boundary layer coupled with moderate
    to strong deep-layer shear should support a threat for isolated
    severe gusts with the high-based convection that develops.

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms should also develop this afternoon across
    portions of northeast NV into northwest UT and southeast ID. While low/mid-level winds and related thunderstorm organization will
    likely be somewhat weaker/limited compared to areas farther north,
    steep lapse rates and large DCAPE will support potential for strong
    to severe outflow gusts as this convection spreads northeastward
    into the early evening.

    ...South-Central/Coastal Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Ongoing thunderstorms across southern LA may pose a threat for gusty
    winds this morning before they move offshore. Additional
    thunderstorms may develop this afternoon from parts of south-central
    TX towards the upper TX Coast, with isolated severe/damaging
    downburst winds possible given ample moisture/instability forecast.
    Weak deep-layer shear should limit the overall severe threat.

    ..Gleason/Broyles.. 08/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 27 16:26:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271625
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271624

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 AM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026

    Valid 271630Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC/NORTHEAST...THE CENTRAL PLAINS...AND CENTRAL
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic today. Damaging winds, severe
    hail, and a tornado or two may accompany these thunderstorms. Large
    to very large hail and severe gusts are also possible across parts
    of northern High Plains and central Plains.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    Recent surface analysis places a low over western Quebec, with a
    cold front arcing from this low southwestward through the middle OH
    Valley, western TN Valley and then westward across central AR and
    central OK. Satellite imagery reveals a shortwave trough extending
    from northeastern Ontario through western PA, just west of the
    analyzed surface low. There also appears to be a more subtle
    shortwave trough farther south moving through WV towards VA.

    Expectation is for the primary shortwave trough and cold front to
    continue eastward, interacting with the very moist airmass across
    the Northeast to support thunderstorm development this afternoon.
    12Z ILN and PIT soundings sampled the moderate westerly flow aloft,
    supporting the potential for strong multicells along both the cold
    front and pre-frontal troughing. A few supercells are possible if
    warm sector development can mature without too much interaction with
    other convection. Primary risk will be damaging gusts, although the
    modestly cool temperatures aloft (i.e. -10 to -12 deg C at 500-mb)
    suggest some hail is possible as well.

    A somewhat displaced area of earlier thunderstorm development is
    manifesting across the northern Mid-Atlantic. As mentioned in MCD
    #2145, a broken band of thunderstorms is ongoing as of mid-morning
    from the New York City vicinity southwest toward Baltimore, with
    that activity potentially being aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with the subtle shortwave trough moving into VA. Airmass
    across this region is very moist, and instability is steadily
    building under modest diurnal heating. Most guidance suggests this
    activity gradually increases in coverage and intensity over the next
    few hours. The presence of a vertically veering wind profile
    with around 30 to 35 kt of effective bulk shear would support a
    conditional risk for embedded supercell structures capable of
    locally damaging winds, marginally severe hail, and perhaps a brief
    tornado.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    Recent satellite imagery depicts a shortwave trough progressing
    across eastern OR towards ID and western MT. Moderate mid-level
    moisture and forcing for ascent associated with this wave are
    forecast to initiate thunderstorms across the northern Rockies this
    afternoon. This activity is then forecast to progress northeastward
    off the higher terrain into central MT, where a deeply mixed airmass
    is forecast to be in place. Despite this deep mixing and somewhat
    limited low-level moisture, the mid-level moisture associated with
    the shortwave will allow for at least modest buoyancy (i.e. MLCAPE
    over 500 J/kg). This should support storm maintenance off the
    terrain, with a trend towards outflow-dominant bowing segments with
    time. Primary severe risk is damaging gusts, including the potential
    for gusts from 65 to 75 mph.

    ...Central Plains...
    Moist southerly flow will help maintain moderate low-level moisture
    through the NE Panhandle and into southwest SD amid the strong
    heating and boundary-layer mixing expected this afternoon.
    Additionally, this modest, but persistent, warm-air advection is
    likely to force convective initiation this afternoon over the
    western NE/SD border vicinity. Low-level southerly flow veering to
    moderate northwesterlies aloft will support deep-layer shear of 40
    to 50 kt, more than adequate for supercell development with any
    mature convective. Any sustained supercells will be capable of
    producing large hail (some 2+ inches) as they track
    south-southeastward through the late afternoon into the evening.
    Upscale growth into one or more bowing segments appears likely this
    evening, with strong to severe gusts (65 to 75 mph) possible.

    An isolated threat for severe hail/gusts may also exist
    farther west/south across the CO Front Range to Raton Mesa vicinity.
    Weaker buoyancy and deep-layer shear should keep any more organized
    updrafts confined to the higher terrain and Foothills.

    -- No other changes needed to the outlook with the text for the
    additional areas appended from the 13Z Outlook below --

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms should also develop this afternoon across
    portions of northeast NV into northwest UT and southeast ID. While low/mid-level winds and related thunderstorm organization will
    likely be somewhat weaker/limited compared to areas farther north,
    steep lapse rates and large DCAPE will support potential for strong
    to severe outflow gusts as this convection spreads northeastward
    into the early evening.

    ...South-Central/Coastal Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Ongoing thunderstorms across southern LA may pose a threat for gusty
    winds this morning before they move offshore. Additional
    thunderstorms may develop this afternoon from parts of south-central
    TX towards the upper TX Coast, with isolated severe/damaging
    downburst winds possible given ample moisture/instability forecast.
    Weak deep-layer shear should limit the overall severe threat.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 08/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Aug 27 19:52:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271952
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026

    Valid 272000Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC/NORTHEAST...CENTRAL PLAINS...AND CENTRAL MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms remain possible across
    parts of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic today. Damaging winds,
    severe hail, and a tornado or two may accompany these thunderstorms.
    Large to very large hail and severe gusts are also possible across
    parts of northern High Plains and central Plains.

    ...20z Update...

    The forecast remains on track with only minor changes made to the
    existing outlook. See the discussion below as well as MCDs 2148,
    2149, and 2150 for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 08/27/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1124 AM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026/

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    Recent surface analysis places a low over western Quebec, with a
    cold front arcing from this low southwestward through the middle OH
    Valley, western TN Valley and then westward across central AR and
    central OK. Satellite imagery reveals a shortwave trough extending
    from northeastern Ontario through western PA, just west of the
    analyzed surface low. There also appears to be a more subtle
    shortwave trough farther south moving through WV towards VA.

    Expectation is for the primary shortwave trough and cold front to
    continue eastward, interacting with the very moist airmass across
    the Northeast to support thunderstorm development this afternoon.
    12Z ILN and PIT soundings sampled the moderate westerly flow aloft,
    supporting the potential for strong multicells along both the cold
    front and pre-frontal troughing. A few supercells are possible if
    warm sector development can mature without too much interaction with
    other convection. Primary risk will be damaging gusts, although the
    modestly cool temperatures aloft (i.e. -10 to -12 deg C at 500-mb)
    suggest some hail is possible as well.

    A somewhat displaced area of earlier thunderstorm development is
    manifesting across the northern Mid-Atlantic. As mentioned in MCD
    #2145, a broken band of thunderstorms is ongoing as of mid-morning
    from the New York City vicinity southwest toward Baltimore, with
    that activity potentially being aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with the subtle shortwave trough moving into VA. Airmass
    across this region is very moist, and instability is steadily
    building under modest diurnal heating. Most guidance suggests this
    activity gradually increases in coverage and intensity over the next
    few hours. The presence of a vertically veering wind profile
    with around 30 to 35 kt of effective bulk shear would support a
    conditional risk for embedded supercell structures capable of
    locally damaging winds, marginally severe hail, and perhaps a brief
    tornado.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    Recent satellite imagery depicts a shortwave trough progressing
    across eastern OR towards ID and western MT. Moderate mid-level
    moisture and forcing for ascent associated with this wave are
    forecast to initiate thunderstorms across the northern Rockies this
    afternoon. This activity is then forecast to progress northeastward
    off the higher terrain into central MT, where a deeply mixed airmass
    is forecast to be in place. Despite this deep mixing and somewhat
    limited low-level moisture, the mid-level moisture associated with
    the shortwave will allow for at least modest buoyancy (i.e. MLCAPE
    over 500 J/kg). This should support storm maintenance off the
    terrain, with a trend towards outflow-dominant bowing segments with
    time. Primary severe risk is damaging gusts, including the potential
    for gusts from 65 to 75 mph.

    ...Central Plains...
    Moist southerly flow will help maintain moderate low-level moisture
    through the NE Panhandle and into southwest SD amid the strong
    heating and boundary-layer mixing expected this afternoon.
    Additionally, this modest, but persistent, warm-air advection is
    likely to force convective initiation this afternoon over the
    western NE/SD border vicinity. Low-level southerly flow veering to
    moderate northwesterlies aloft will support deep-layer shear of 40
    to 50 kt, more than adequate for supercell development with any
    mature convective. Any sustained supercells will be capable of
    producing large hail (some 2+ inches) as they track
    south-southeastward through the late afternoon into the evening.
    Upscale growth into one or more bowing segments appears likely this
    evening, with strong to severe gusts (65 to 75 mph) possible.

    An isolated threat for severe hail/gusts may also exist
    farther west/south across the CO Front Range to Raton Mesa vicinity.
    Weaker buoyancy and deep-layer shear should keep any more organized
    updrafts confined to the higher terrain and Foothills.

    -- No other changes needed to the outlook with the text for the
    additional areas appended from the 13Z Outlook below --

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms should also develop this afternoon across
    portions of northeast NV into northwest UT and southeast ID. While low/mid-level winds and related thunderstorm organization will
    likely be somewhat weaker/limited compared to areas farther north,
    steep lapse rates and large DCAPE will support potential for strong
    to severe outflow gusts as this convection spreads northeastward
    into the early evening.

    ...South-Central/Coastal Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Ongoing thunderstorms across southern LA may pose a threat for gusty
    winds this morning before they move offshore. Additional
    thunderstorms may develop this afternoon from parts of south-central
    TX towards the upper TX Coast, with isolated severe/damaging
    downburst winds possible given ample moisture/instability forecast.
    Weak deep-layer shear should limit the overall severe threat.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 28 01:11:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 280110
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 280109

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0809 PM CDT Thu Aug 27 2026

    Valid 280100Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    WEST-CENTRAL NE INTO NORTHWEST KS...NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC...AND
    WEST-CENTRAL MT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Storms capable of producing severe hail and wind remain possible
    this evening across west-central Nebraska into northwest Kansas.
    Localized wind damage also remains possible over parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Storms with localized severe gusts will
    continue through the evening across west-central Montana.

    ...Central Plains...
    Earlier supercells have congealed into a small southward-moving
    cluster across northwest NE. Steep lapse rates, strong buoyancy
    (MLCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg) and effective shear of 40-50 kt (as
    observed on the 00Z LBF sounding) within a northwesterly flow regime
    will continue to support organized storms through the evening. The
    severe-wind (potentially exceeding 75 mph) threat associated with
    this small MCS is expected to spread towards parts of southwest NE
    and northwest KS. Any embedded supercells or discrete cells along
    the periphery of the cluster will also remain capable of producing
    large hail, given the favorable thermodynamic environment and
    relatively elongated hodographs. Longevity of this cluster into late
    tonight is uncertain, due to increasing MLCINH and generally modest
    large-scale ascent. Some severe potential could spread as far as west-central/southwest KS before diminishing.

    ...Parts of the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast...
    Scattered strong to locally severe storms are ongoing this evening
    from the northern Mid-Atlantic into parts of the Northeast. While
    substantial convective overturning has occurred, a corridor of
    moderate MLCAPE remains in place from northern VA into eastern PA
    and southeast NE. A short-term threat for locally damaging wind and
    perhaps marginal hail may continue before storms generally weaken by
    late evening. See MCD 2157 for more information.

    ...West-central MT...
    High-based convection is ongoing early this evening across parts of west-central MT. Weak buoyancy will continue to hamper storm
    intensity, but the favorable lapse rate environment will continue to
    support potential for strong to severe gusts. See MCD 2158 for more information.

    ...Parts of south-central TX...
    Scattered storms across south-central TX are ongoing near a
    southward-moving composite outflow. These storms may be capable of
    producing localized damaging gusts through dusk, before weakening
    with the onset of nocturnal cooling/stabilization.

    ..Dean.. 08/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 28 06:02:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 280601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 280600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS...GREAT BASIN AND DESERT SOUTHWEST INTO THE
    NORTHERN ROCKIES...NORTH GA INTO THE CAROLINAS AND
    MID-ATLANTIC...AND PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN ME...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across the central and
    northern Plains, northern Georgia into the Carolinas and
    Mid-Atlantic, central and eastern Maine, and from parts of the Great
    Basin and Desert Southwest into the northern Rockies.

    ...Central/northern Plains westward into the northern
    Rockies...Great Basin...and Desert Southwest...
    An upper ridge will remain anchored over parts of the
    Southwest/southern Rockies today. A series of midlevel vorticity
    maxima will move along the periphery of the ridge from central CA
    into the Great Basin, northern Rockies, and northern Plains.

    Across the central/northern Plains, moderate to locally strong
    destabilization is forecast along/east of a surface trough that will
    extend from the western Dakotas into the NE Panhandle. Relatively
    strong MLCINH may limit coverage of diurnal storm development near
    this surface trough, but deep-layer shear will support a hail and
    localized severe-wind threat with any sustained storms through early
    evening. A greater coverage of elevated convection is expected to
    develop later this evening into the overnight, as storms spread
    toward the eastern Dakotas and southwest MN. The pattern generally
    suggests potential MCS development, though most CAM guidance is
    relatively subdued regarding the intensity and attendant severe-wind
    threat associated with the late-night storms. Greater severe
    probabilities may eventually be needed, if confidence increases
    regarding development of diurnal storms and/or a robust nocturnal
    MCS.

    Farther west, relatively widespread storm development is expected
    from the Great Basin into the northern Rockies, potentially aided by
    the midlevel vorticity maxima traversing the region. Buoyancy will
    generally remain weak, but steep lapse rates and increasing flow in
    the 700-500 mb layer along the periphery of the ridge will support
    potential for persistent outflow-driven cells/clusters and strong to
    localized severe gusts across a broad region.

    ...Carolinas/north GA into the Mid-Atlantic...
    A relatively broad/weak upper trough will gradually shift eastward
    today across parts of the Southeast, Carolinas, and Mid-Atlantic.
    Widely scattered storm development is expected this afternoon within
    a weakly capped and moderately buoyant environment. Relatively steep
    low-level lapse rates and large PW will support localized downburst
    potential, though weak deep-layer shear should generally limit the organized-severe threat.

    ...Parts of Maine...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop along/ahead of a
    weak surface trough/front across parts of Maine this afternoon.
    Modest destabilization (with MLCAPE approaching 1000 J/kg) and
    marginally supportive deep-layer shear could support at least
    transient storm organization. The environment will not be
    particularly favorable for severe wind or hail, but guidance
    suggests some eventual clustering of storms and potential for
    isolated wind damage and small to near-severe hail across parts of
    central and eastern ME from the afternoon into the early evening.

    ..Dean/Wendt.. 08/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 28 12:33:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 281232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281231

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0731 AM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026

    Valid 281300Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS...GREAT BASIN AND DESERT SOUTHWEST INTO THE
    NORTHERN ROCKIES...NORTH GA INTO THE CAROLINAS AND
    MID-ATLANTIC...AND PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN ME......

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across the central and
    northern Plains, northern Georgia into the Carolinas and
    Mid-Atlantic, central and eastern Maine, and from parts of the Great
    Basin and Desert Southwest into the northern Rockies.

    ...Maine...
    A shortwave trough is evident this morning over the St Lawrence
    Valley. This trough will track eastward across northern New
    England, with an associated cold front moving through ME. Models
    are consistent in the depiction of scattered thunderstorm
    development along the front by mid-late afternoon. Forecast
    soundings show sufficient CAPE and deep layer shear to promote a few
    organized or potentially supercell storms capable of locally
    damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ...GA to Mid-Atlantic Region...
    Broad cyclonic flow aloft will be present today over much of the
    eastern states, with a diffuse surface cold front extending from VA
    into GA. Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to form along
    the front this afternoon, with slow-moving but strong storms
    possible. Moderate CAPE, rather high PWAT values, and limited
    deep-layer shear will promote isolated strong storms capable of
    water-loaded downbursts.

    ...Great Basin into WY...
    The upper ridge will remain centered over NM, while a 50+ knot
    mid-level jet rotates eastward from NV into ID/UT/WY. Scattered
    high-based showers and storms are expected over a large part of the
    Great Basin into WY, with the strongest cells capable of damaging
    wind gusts.

    ...Dakotas...
    As the high-based convection over WY spreads eastward into western
    ND/SD, it will encounter greater low-level moisture and CAPE, likely
    resulting in some intensification. A few bowing structures are
    possible in this area this evening, capable of locally damaging wind
    gusts and hail. This complex of storms may persist after midnight
    with a continued risk of gusty/damaging winds.

    ..Hart/Kerr.. 08/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 28 16:32:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 281632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026

    Valid 281630Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS...GREAT BASIN AND DESERT SOUTHWEST INTO THE
    NORTHERN ROCKIES...NORTH GA INTO THE CAROLINAS AND
    MID-ATLANTIC...AND PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN ME......

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across the central and
    northern Plains, northern Georgia into the Carolinas and
    Mid-Atlantic, central and eastern Maine, and from parts of the Great
    Basin and Desert Southwest into the northern Rockies.

    ...Maine...
    Morning surface analysis places a low over eastern Quebec, with a
    cold front extending southward from this low through northern NY
    before arcing more southwestward and becoming increasingly diffuse
    across the Upper OH Valley. A shortwave trough is forecast to
    progress through southern Quebec towards the St. Lawrence Valley
    today. The surface low is forecast to eject northeastward in
    response, with its attendant cold front sweeping eastward across ME.
    A moist airmass precedes this front, with current observations
    sampling mid to upper 60s dewpoints. This airmass should destabilize
    amid filtered daytime heating ahead of the front, although poor
    mid-level lapse will limit the overall buoyancy. Scattered
    thunderstorm development is anticipated as the cold front interacts
    with this modestly buoyant airmass. A few strong to severe storms
    are possible, but deep-layer shear largely parallel to the frontal
    boundary will contribute to a predominantly linear mode and a likely
    trend toward undercutting of new updrafts. Even so, any updrafts
    that can mature could organize, potentially becoming supercell
    storms capable of locally wind gusts and hail.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into Georgia...
    Morning surface analysis places a low off the southern New England
    coast and another over southern NJ (near the ongoing thunderstorms).
    A weak front extends through these two lows, continuing
    southwestward across the Carolina Piedmont into northern GA. Widely
    scattered thunderstorms are expected to form along
    the front this afternoon, with slow-moving but strong storms
    possible. The stronger (but still modest) deep-layer shear will
    occur across VA and NC, with the stronger buoyancy displaced farther
    south across SC and GA. Even so, the expectation is that a
    combination of moderate CAPE, high PWAT values, and limited
    deep-layer shear will promote isolated strong storms capable of
    water-loaded downbursts.

    ...Great Basin through Wyoming..
    A belt of stronger mid-level flow currently extends from central CA
    through the northern Rockies between the upper troughing over
    western Canada and the upper ridging centered over the Four Corners. Low-amplitude shortwave troughs embedded within this enhanced flow,
    and associated ascent and mid-level moisture, will contribute to
    thunderstorm development this afternoon. A deeply mixed boundary
    layer is anticipated throughout much of this region, suggesting any
    of the stronger, more persistent storms could produce damaging
    gusts. Highest storm coverage is expected from eastern NV into
    central/northern UT, resulting in a relatively greater threat for
    damaging gusts within this corridor.

    ...Dakotas into western Minnesota and northern Iowa...
    There could potentially be two rounds of convection across the
    northern Plains today. The first will be with any of the high-based
    convection from WY as it spreads eastward into western
    Dakotas, where greater low-level moisture and buoyancy will be in
    place. The greater buoyancy could result in reintensification and a
    few bowing structures capable of producing locally damaging wind
    gusts and hail.

    Additional warm-air advection associated development is then
    possible later this evening as the low-level jet strengthens over
    the Plains. These elevated storms should develop within an
    environment characterized by moderate buoyancy and deep-layer shear,
    suggesting a few supercells capable of large hail are possible
    initially. Over time, some upscale growth is possible, which could
    result in a low-probability risk for damaging gusts over southwest
    MN and adjacent northwest IA early tomorrow morning.

    ..Mosier/Moore.. 08/28/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Aug 28 19:44:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 281944
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281942

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0242 PM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026

    Valid 282000Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS...GREAT BASIN AND DESERT SOUTHWEST INTO THE
    NORTHERN ROCKIES...NORTH GEORGIA INTO THE CAROLINAS AND
    MID-ATLANTIC...AND PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN MAINE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across the central and
    northern Plains, northern Georgia into the Carolinas and
    Mid-Atlantic, central and eastern Maine, and from parts of the Great
    Basin and Desert Southwest into the northern Rockies.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor edits
    required - primarily to the general thunder line to reflect recent
    convective trends. Weak/poorly organized convection ongoing across
    the Mid-Atlantic and portions of Maine should continue to pose a
    localized severe threat (mainly damaging wind) through late
    afternoon. See MCDs #2162 and #2163 for additional short-term
    details. Transient downbursts have been noted across the greater
    Houston, TX area over the past 1-2 hours as thunderstorms develop
    along the sea breeze. While small swaths of damaging wind may occur
    with the more intense downbursts, this threat is expected to remain
    fairly transient given poor deep-layer wind shear across the region
    (wind speeds are generally 15 knots or less through the column per
    regional VWPs).

    Across the Great Basin, slight expansions of the 5% wind
    probabilities were made to better reflect trends in recent
    time-lagged CAM guidance. Some of the more aggressive solutions -
    notably recent runs of the RRFS - hint at one or more corridors of
    higher severe wind potential across eastern WY into SD as high-based
    convection encounters richer low-level moisture/buoyancy over the
    Plains. However, these solutions are exhibiting a considerable warm
    bias compared to current observations and suggest that any residual
    inhibition should be mixed out by this point in the day. Latest GOES
    imagery and regional 18z soundings both depict lingering inhibition,
    which casts considerable uncertainty onto the accuracy of the more
    aggressive solutions.

    ..Moore.. 08/28/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026/

    ...Maine...
    Morning surface analysis places a low over eastern Quebec, with a
    cold front extending southward from this low through northern NY
    before arcing more southwestward and becoming increasingly diffuse
    across the Upper OH Valley. A shortwave trough is forecast to
    progress through southern Quebec towards the St. Lawrence Valley
    today. The surface low is forecast to eject northeastward in
    response, with its attendant cold front sweeping eastward across ME.
    A moist airmass precedes this front, with current observations
    sampling mid to upper 60s dewpoints. This airmass should destabilize
    amid filtered daytime heating ahead of the front, although poor
    mid-level lapse will limit the overall buoyancy. Scattered
    thunderstorm development is anticipated as the cold front interacts
    with this modestly buoyant airmass. A few strong to severe storms
    are possible, but deep-layer shear largely parallel to the frontal
    boundary will contribute to a predominantly linear mode and a likely
    trend toward undercutting of new updrafts. Even so, any updrafts
    that can mature could organize, potentially becoming supercell
    storms capable of locally wind gusts and hail.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into Georgia...
    Morning surface analysis places a low off the southern New England
    coast and another over southern NJ (near the ongoing thunderstorms).
    A weak front extends through these two lows, continuing
    southwestward across the Carolina Piedmont into northern GA. Widely
    scattered thunderstorms are expected to form along
    the front this afternoon, with slow-moving but strong storms
    possible. The stronger (but still modest) deep-layer shear will
    occur across VA and NC, with the stronger buoyancy displaced farther
    south across SC and GA. Even so, the expectation is that a
    combination of moderate CAPE, high PWAT values, and limited
    deep-layer shear will promote isolated strong storms capable of
    water-loaded downbursts.

    ...Great Basin through Wyoming..
    A belt of stronger mid-level flow currently extends from central CA
    through the northern Rockies between the upper troughing over
    western Canada and the upper ridging centered over the Four Corners. Low-amplitude shortwave troughs embedded within this enhanced flow,
    and associated ascent and mid-level moisture, will contribute to
    thunderstorm development this afternoon. A deeply mixed boundary
    layer is anticipated throughout much of this region, suggesting any
    of the stronger, more persistent storms could produce damaging
    gusts. Highest storm coverage is expected from eastern NV into
    central/northern UT, resulting in a relatively greater threat for
    damaging gusts within this corridor.

    ...Dakotas into western Minnesota and northern Iowa...
    There could potentially be two rounds of convection across the
    northern Plains today. The first will be with any of the high-based
    convection from WY as it spreads eastward into western
    Dakotas, where greater low-level moisture and buoyancy will be in
    place. The greater buoyancy could result in reintensification and a
    few bowing structures capable of producing locally damaging wind
    gusts and hail.

    Additional warm-air advection associated development is then
    possible later this evening as the low-level jet strengthens over
    the Plains. These elevated storms should develop within an
    environment characterized by moderate buoyancy and deep-layer shear,
    suggesting a few supercells capable of large hail are possible
    initially. Over time, some upscale growth is possible, which could
    result in a low-probability risk for damaging gusts over southwest
    MN and adjacent northwest IA early tomorrow morning.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 29 01:00:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 290100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Fri Aug 28 2026

    Valid 290100Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    BASIN...TO THE CENTRAL ROCKIES AND NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across the northern
    Plains, and from parts of the Great Basin and Desert Southwest into
    the Rockies.

    ...Great Basin/Rockies...
    Evening water vapor imagery showed an expansive area of high
    pressure centered over the Four Corners with broad southwesterly
    flow aloft ongoing over much of the Great Basin and Rockies. To the
    west of the ridge, an upper low and broad trough were moving onshore
    across the Pacific Northwest and CA respectively. Ahead of these
    features, several weaker perturbations and a plume of mid-level
    moisture were contributing to widely scattered thunderstorms over
    the Great Basin and central Rockies this evening.

    Despite limited buoyancy owing to expansive cloud cover, plentiful
    monsoon moisture should continue to support widely scattered
    high-based thunderstorms this evening and into the overnight hours.
    At least isolated strong to severe gusts are possible owing to dry
    low-levels suitable for strong downdrafts with the established
    storms/clusters. This appears most likely from far eastern NV,
    across northern UT, and into central WY where the air mass remains
    the warmest.

    ...Northern Plains...
    The first of the mid-level shortwave troughs embedded within the
    broader southwest flow are expected to eject eastward over the
    northern Plains tonight. As ascent from the wave overspreads a warm
    front, the low-level jet is forecast to strengthen (40-50 kt),
    supporting a broad area of low-level warm air advection across the
    eastern Dakotas into MN/IA. Elevated storms should develop near the
    front with moderate buoyancy and deep-layer shear supportive of
    supercells. Some hail risk is possible with these storms overnight.
    Given the increasing forcing for ascent, upscale growth into a
    cluster or MCS is possible, which could result in a low-probability
    risk for damaging gusts over southwest MN and adjacent northwest IA
    through 12z Saturday.

    ...Mid Atlantic to the Southeast...
    Several clusters of scattered thunderstorms remain ongoing ahead of
    a weak front from VA to the northern Gulf Coast. These storms have
    slowly weakened through the evening and should continue to do so
    with the loss of diurnal heating. Ahead of the front, high PWAT
    content (2-2.5 inches) may still support a sporadic downbursts with
    the stronger clusters this evening. However, weak shear and waning
    diurnal buoyancy suggest an organized or expansive severe threat is
    unlikely.

    ..Lyons.. 08/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 29 05:56:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 290556
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290554

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    EASTERN NEVADA...NORTHERN UTAH...AND SOUTHWEST WYOMING...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected across parts
    of the northern Great Basin and northern/central Rockies. Severe
    wind gusts are the main threat. Isolated severe storms are also
    possible across portions of the northern Plains, with potential for
    large hail and damaging wind.

    ...Great Basin/Rockies...
    An upper low over the Pacific Northwest is forecast to merge with a
    broad southern steam upper trough over the Great Basin. A belt of
    enhanced mid-level flow and tropical moisture will overspread the
    Great Basin and central Rockies. Clouds, showers and some
    thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing early in the period
    complicating expectations for diurnal heating and subsequent
    destabilization. Still, filtered heating should allow for additional
    storms to develop through the day along a weak front and across the
    higher terrain from eastern NV into northern UT and the central
    Rockies. Sufficiently strong unidirectional effective shear profiles
    and a well-mixed boundary layer will promote a few organized
    clusters and potentially transient supercell structures capable of
    severe wind gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ...Four Corners...
    On the southern fringes of upper trough moving through the Great
    Basin, strong heating of a monsoon air mass should allow for the
    development of scattered to numerous thunderstorms across northern
    AZ and southern UT. Deep-layer flow here will be considerably weaker
    compared to points farther north, but sight enhancement could still
    support some clustering of thunderstorms. Steep low/mid-level lapse
    rates, PWATs over 1 inch and numerous storms may bolster downdrafts.
    Isolated severe gusts are possible as storms spread eastward into
    southwestern CO and NM through the afternoon/evening.

    ...Northern Plains..
    Several embedded disturbances within the enhanced southwesterly flow
    aloft will help deepen a lee trough/low across eastern WY and
    western SD this afternoon. Strengthening southerly upslope flow will
    advect upper 60s F dewpoints into the region aiding in moderate destabilization. However, widespread mid/upper-level cloud cover and
    weak overall forcing for ascent cast some uncertainty on storm
    development through the afternoon. If storms do develop, moderate
    buoyancy and elongated mid/upper-level hodographs would support
    supercells with the potential for damaging winds and hail.

    The more likely scenario is that high-based convection emanating
    from central WY will spread eastward late in the afternoon/early
    evening with the potential for isolated damaging gusts. Some
    intensification of this convection may occur as it encounters the
    more unstable air mass into the overnight hours, though CAM
    solutions are varied.

    ...IA/MN...
    A remnant cluster of storms or a weakly organized MCS is likely to
    be ongoing at the start of the period along the front from
    southwestern MN into northern IA. Driven by strong overnight warm
    advection at the terminus of the low-level jet, weak buoyancy, but
    relatively strong deep-layer shear could support an isolated risk
    for hail or damaging gusts for a couple of hours during the morning.
    Weakening ascent and increasing mid-level heights should limit the
    severe risk through the remainder of the day.

    ...Atlantic Coast...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely along typical sea breeze
    boundaries and a weakening front from the Carolinas to FL this
    afternoon. An unstable, high PWAT, but very weakly sheared air mass
    will support multicell storms with sporadic wet microburst
    potential. However, confidence in a more widespread or organized
    severe risk remains below 5%.

    ..Lyons/Wendt.. 08/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 29 12:19:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291219
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291217

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0717 AM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026

    Valid 291300Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    NEVADA INTO NORTHERN UTAH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected across parts
    of the northern Great Basin, northern/central Rockies, and northern
    Plains. Severe wind gusts are the main threat.

    ...Great Basin into Central/Northern Rockies...
    A broad upper trough is present today across the Southern Rockies
    into OK/TX, with relatively fast flow aloft extending from NV into
    WY. IR satellite imagery suggests considerable cloud cover is
    affecting much of the Great Basin region, which will limit daytime heating/destabilization and overall severe threat. Nevertheless,
    there appears to be a corridor from eastern NV across parts of
    north-central UT where sufficient heating will result in steep
    low-level lapse rates and favorable CAPE profiles for a few
    high-based thunderstorms capable of damaging wind gusts. Supercell
    structures are also possible in this corridor, suggesting a risk of
    hail in the strongest storms.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Similar to yesterday, clusters of high-based showers and
    thunderstorms will spread eastward across WY into parts of the
    Dakotas/NE this afternoon and evening. Favorable winds aloft,
    combined with at least marginal CAPE will aid in a risk of locally
    damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ..Hart/Broyles.. 08/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 29 16:31:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026

    Valid 291630Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    NEVADA ACROSS NORTHERN UTAH INTO FAR SOUTHWEST WYOMING...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected across parts
    of the northern Great Basin, northern/central Rockies, and northern
    Plains. Severe wind gusts are the main threat.

    ...Great Basin through the central Rockies...
    Enhanced mid-level southwesterly flow aloft exists between the upper
    ridging centered over the southern High Plains and a shortwave
    trough moving through the Pacific Northwest. 12Z SLC sounding
    sampled this enhanced flow well, reporting a belt of 50-55 kt wind
    around 600 to 500 mb. This sounding also sampled the increased
    mid-level moisture within this belt of stronger flow, resulting
    precipitable water over 1.1".

    Modest heating of this airmass is expected to foster moderate
    buoyancy, although the widespread cloudiness could keep the airmass
    from fully destabilizing. Most RAP soundings across the region
    maintain lingering convective inhibition from UT into southern WY.
    Even so, the combination of modest buoyancy, mid-level moisture, and
    ascent attendant to a low-amplitude shortwave trough progressing
    through the region will support scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    from eastern NV across UT into northwest CO/southern WY. Some
    isolated hail is possible with the strongest cores (which could
    briefly acquire supercellular characteristics), but the primary
    severe risk is strong to severe wind gusts. Highest severe coverage
    is still expected from east-central NV into northern UT where the
    greatest afternoon buoyancy is forecast.

    ...Northeast CO/eastern WY/NE Panhandle into the western/central
    Dakotas...
    High-based showers and thunderstorms along the leading edge of the
    strongest ascent attendant to the shortwave trough moving through
    the Great Basin and central Rockies should emerge into a diurnally
    destabilized and moderately buoyant airmass from northeast CO into
    eastern WY and the NE Panhandle during the late afternoon/early
    evening. This could result in reintensification, and a risk for both
    large hail and damaging gusts across the region throughout the
    evening. Most of the guidance was overly aggressive with
    destabilization and buoyancy across this region yesterday, and there
    is some concern that cloud cover could again limit heating. That
    being said, there is a pocket of greater low-level moisture across
    SD and the region is currently under widely scattered cloud cover.
    Enhanced westerly flow atop low-level easterlies will support at
    least moderate deep-layer shear, so any updrafts that can mature
    should be able to organize, with an attendant risk for large hail
    and damaging gusts.

    ...AZ...
    12Z PHX sounding sampled moderate mid-level moisture atop warm and
    dry low levels. Scattered thunderstorm development is anticipated
    across much of the region. Vertical shear is weak and a largely
    disorganized storm mode is anticipated. Still, given the high storm
    bases and steep low-level lapse rates, isolated strong to severe
    gusts are possible this afternoon and evening.

    ..Mosier/Moore.. 08/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Aug 29 19:50:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291950
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291949

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0249 PM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026

    Valid 292000Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEVERE
    THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NEVADA ACROSS NORTHERN UTAH INTO FAR
    SOUTHWEST WYOMING...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected across parts
    of the northern Great Basin, northern/central Rockies, and northern
    Plains. Severe wind gusts are the main threat.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes are needed to the current D1 Convective Outlook. See MCDs
    #2167, #2168, and the previous discussion below for more
    information.

    ..Thornton.. 08/29/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026/

    ...Great Basin through the central Rockies...
    Enhanced mid-level southwesterly flow aloft exists between the upper
    ridging centered over the southern High Plains and a shortwave
    trough moving through the Pacific Northwest. 12Z SLC sounding
    sampled this enhanced flow well, reporting a belt of 50-55 kt wind
    around 600 to 500 mb. This sounding also sampled the increased
    mid-level moisture within this belt of stronger flow, resulting
    precipitable water over 1.1".

    Modest heating of this airmass is expected to foster moderate
    buoyancy, although the widespread cloudiness could keep the airmass
    from fully destabilizing. Most RAP soundings across the region
    maintain lingering convective inhibition from UT into southern WY.
    Even so, the combination of modest buoyancy, mid-level moisture, and
    ascent attendant to a low-amplitude shortwave trough progressing
    through the region will support scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    from eastern NV across UT into northwest CO/southern WY. Some
    isolated hail is possible with the strongest cores (which could
    briefly acquire supercellular characteristics), but the primary
    severe risk is strong to severe wind gusts. Highest severe coverage
    is still expected from east-central NV into northern UT where the
    greatest afternoon buoyancy is forecast.

    ...Northeast CO/eastern WY/NE Panhandle into the western/central
    Dakotas...
    High-based showers and thunderstorms along the leading edge of the
    strongest ascent attendant to the shortwave trough moving through
    the Great Basin and central Rockies should emerge into a diurnally
    destabilized and moderately buoyant airmass from northeast CO into
    eastern WY and the NE Panhandle during the late afternoon/early
    evening. This could result in reintensification, and a risk for both
    large hail and damaging gusts across the region throughout the
    evening. Most of the guidance was overly aggressive with
    destabilization and buoyancy across this region yesterday, and there
    is some concern that cloud cover could again limit heating. That
    being said, there is a pocket of greater low-level moisture across
    SD and the region is currently under widely scattered cloud cover.
    Enhanced westerly flow atop low-level easterlies will support at
    least moderate deep-layer shear, so any updrafts that can mature
    should be able to organize, with an attendant risk for large hail
    and damaging gusts.

    ...AZ...
    12Z PHX sounding sampled moderate mid-level moisture atop warm and
    dry low levels. Scattered thunderstorm development is anticipated
    across much of the region. Vertical shear is weak and a largely
    disorganized storm mode is anticipated. Still, given the high storm
    bases and steep low-level lapse rates, isolated strong to severe
    gusts are possible this afternoon and evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 30 00:58:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 300058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300056

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0756 PM CDT Sat Aug 29 2026

    Valid 300100Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE GREAT
    BASIN AND CENTRAL ROCKIES INTO THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected across parts
    of the northern Great Basin, northern/central Rockies, and
    northern/central Plains. Isolated severe wind gusts are the main
    threat, though some hail is also possible.

    ...Great Basin and Rockies...
    An upper low, and several weak perturbations embedded within a belt
    of enhanced mid-level flow with moving across the Great Basin are
    supporting scattered thunderstorms across the eastern Great Basin
    and Intermountain West this evening. Plentiful monsoon moisture
    remains in place contributing to modest buoyancy. This will support
    scattered to numerous storms through much of the evening and
    overnight. 50-55 kt of mid-level flow, and relatively dry sub cloud
    layers will continue to support strong downdrafts with the potential
    for severe wind gusts and isolated hail. This appears most likely
    across eastern NV and northern UT where the air mass remains the
    most unstable. However, sporadic damaging gusts are possible across
    much of the Rockies and Four Corners where storms are forecast to
    remain active tonight.

    ...Central Plains...
    High-based convection across eastern CO/WY and western NE has
    gradually weakened as it has encountered a much drier and more
    stable air mass across the High Plains. Isolated strong to severe
    gusts will remain possible with this activity, and other
    showers/storms emanating from the terrain this evening.

    More isolated storms, including supercells, across eastern SD are
    expected to continue this evening with isolated hail and severe wind
    potential. As the lead shortwave trough continues eastward this
    evening, increasing low-level warm advection could support
    additional elevated storm development from eastern SD to
    south-central ND. Moderate buoyancy atop the stable surface layer
    amid 40-50 kts of effective shear would support supercells with
    isolated hail possible through the overnight hours.

    ...AZ...
    Scattered thunderstorms ongoing across southern AZ should slowly
    drift northwest through this evening within a very hot and
    moderately unstable air mass. Vertical shear is weak and a largely
    disorganized storm mode is likely. Still, steep low-level lapse
    rates will favor strong downdrafts with isolated severe gusts
    possible.

    ..Lyons.. 08/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 30 05:55:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 300555
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300553

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS...PARTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND THE EASTERN
    GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms, accompanied by mainly a severe wind and hail
    threat, are possible across portions of the northern and central
    Plains, as well as the eastern Great Basin today and tonight.

    ...Northern Plains...
    An upper low over SK is forecast to eject eastward as it is
    entrained in the stronger westerlies associated with a low-amplitude
    shortwave trough crossing the northern Rockies. A belt of enhanced
    mid-level flow will extend westward over the Intermountain West and
    northern Great Basin, coincident with a plume of mid-level monsoon
    moisture. A surface low will develop during the afternoon from near
    the MT/ND border with a trailing cold front forecast to move across
    the Dakotas overnight. A weaker low/surface trough will develop
    across the central High Plains as a warm front extends eastward from
    SD into southern MN, WI and Lower MI.

    Morning storms along the warm front from the eastern Dakotas to
    western MN could persist and pose a risk for isolated hail. The
    primary low-level jet will remain displaced to the south which
    should allow these storms to weaken through the remainder of the
    day.

    More robust convection is expected to develop ahead of the cold
    front from eastern MT/WY into the western and central Dakotas. Weak
    low-level easterly flow will help transport mid 60s dewpoints
    westward aiding in moderate destabilization. Flow aloft will
    increase through the day, though the strongest deep-layer shear
    should lag behind the front. Nevertheless, a band of storms, likely
    a mix of line segments and some supercell structures, should develop
    and intensify along the cold front spreading eastward. Some severe
    gusts, hail above 1.00" and perhaps a tornado near the warm front
    are possible. The severe risk may persist through the night as
    activity pushes across ND/SD and into MN.

    ..Front Range to the High Plains...
    As the trough moves overhead through the day, high based convection
    is forecast to develop and move off the higher terrain of CO/WY,
    aided by 30-40 kt mid-level westerlies. Steep low-level lapse rates
    and high cloud bases may support localized damaging wind potential
    across CO/NE/KS. Some organization into a cluster is possible as the
    storms move eastward into the Plains through the evening. However,
    modest buoyancy may inhibit broader intensification/organization.

    ...Great Basin/Western Slope...
    An unseasonably moist air mass (dewpoints in the 50s to near 60 F)
    will be in place beneath the stronger mid-level flow from eastern UT
    into western CO. Showers and storms are likely to be ongoing at the
    start of the period and should increase in coverage trough the day
    aided by filtered diurnal heating and the passage of the shortwave
    trough crossing the Rockies. While destabilization will be
    contingent on cloud breaks, pockets of moderate buoyancy amid the
    strong unidirectional westerly flow may support a few organized
    storm clusters or supercells capable of isolated severe gusts and
    hail.

    ...AZ/CA...
    Scattered thunderstorms are again expected to develop within a hot
    and moderately unstable air mass this afternoon. Stronger mid-level
    flow should be well to the north supporting little if any storm
    organization. Still, steep low-level lapse rates could support
    sporadic downbursts with occasional severe gusts. Severe coverage is
    expected to remain below 5%.

    ..Lyons/Wendt.. 08/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 30 12:16:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301216
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301214

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0714 AM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026

    Valid 301300Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of damaging wind gusts are possible across
    portions of the northern Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...MT/ND/SD...
    Morning water vapor loop shows a strong upper trough over ID
    tracking east-northeastward. This system will emerge onto the
    Plains of eastern MT/western Dakotas by late afternoon today, when
    strong heating will result in a corridor of surface temperatures
    near 90F along the MT/ND border ahead of an approaching cold front. Thunderstorms will intensify in vicinity of this front through the
    afternoon, tracking quickly eastward into parts of western/central
    ND/SD by 00z. Morning CAM solutions suggest storms will organize
    into a line with the risk of severe wind gusts. Given the strength
    of the low and mid-level flow near the front, that scenario seems
    plausible. Therefore have added a SLGT risk to parts of this
    region.

    ...CO/KS/NE...
    South of the primary severe threat, a secondary area of concern will
    develop this afternoon as storms develop over the mountains of
    central CO and spread eastward into the Plains. This activity will
    be high-based and in a weakly unstable environment. Nevertheless,
    strong outflow winds will be possible with the activity, spreading
    eastward into western NE and northwest KS during the evening.

    ...UT/Western CO...
    Considerable low-level moisture will remain over UT today, leading
    to another round of strong thunderstorms this afternoon. Deep-layer
    shear remains sufficient for rotating storms capable of damaging
    wind gusts and hail. Activity should spread into western CO by
    early evening before weakening.

    ..Hart/Broyles.. 08/30/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 30 16:31:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026

    Valid 301630Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM SOUTHEAST MONTANA AND FAR NORTHEAST WYOMING INTO THE
    CENTRAL DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of damaging wind gusts are possible across
    portions of the northern Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...Northern High Plains into the northern Plains...
    Recent satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough
    moving eastward across southern Saskatchewan and western MT/eastern
    ID. A belt of stronger westerly flow aloft likely exists within the
    base of this trough from eastern ID into western WY. Recent
    mesoanalysis estimates 50 to 60 kt at 500 mb, but its actual
    magnitude is uncertain. Showers and isolated thunderstorms are
    already ongoing downstream of this wave, and the general expectation
    is for these showers and thunderstorms to persist as the wave moves
    eastward, eventually encountering a notably more unstable airmass
    downstream.

    Current surface observations show mid 60s dewpoints into the western
    Dakotas, with upper 50s/low 60s dewpoints farther west in eastern
    MT. Afternoon high temperatures are expected range from the low to
    mid 80s along the MT/ND border into the low 90s farther south into
    southwest SD. Despite relatively poor pre-frontal mid-level lapse
    rates, the resulting temperature/dewpoint combination will support
    MLCAPE ranging from around 500-1000 J/kg across eastern MT and the
    western Dakotas to closer to 2000 J/kg across the central Dakotas.
    Some low-level stability may linger, but should be overcome by the
    strong forcing, and the development of a line of strong to severe
    storms is anticipated. Strong to severe gusts will be the primary
    risk, with some instance of gusts from 65 to 80 mph possible.
    Maximum storm intensity and highest severe coverage is currently
    forecast to occur from the ND/SD/MT border intersection vicinity
    eastward into south-central ND and north-central SD. Decreasing
    buoyancy is expected from the central Dakotas eastward, with
    gradually decreasing storm intensity expected as the line of storms
    moves into this region this evening.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Increased coverage and depth of the thunderstorms across UT indicate
    the presence of secondary area of ascent south of the primary
    shortwave trough, perhaps tied to a convectively augmented vorticity
    maximum. Expectation is for this vorticity maximum to progress
    eastward, persisting across the central Rockies before entering
    deeply mixed boundary-layer in place over the central High Plains.
    High-based storm character coupled with steep low-level lapse rates
    will support the development of strong outflow, and gusts from 60 to
    75 mph are possible.

    ...UT/Western CO...
    Thunderstorms are already ongoing from eastern UT into western CO,
    and deep-layer vertical shear is already strong enough to support
    organization within any more persistent updrafts. A few instances of
    hail and/or damaging gusts are possible with this activity.
    Additionally, considerable low-level moisture will remain over UT
    today, leading to another round of strong to isolated severe
    thunderstorms this afternoon. Deep-layer shear will remain
    sufficient for rotating storms capable of damaging wind gusts and
    hail. This additional activity should also spread into western CO
    before weakening this evening.

    ...Central/Southern AZ...
    Ample low-level moisture remains in place across much of AZ, with
    upper 50s dewpoints across northern AZ increasing into the mid 60s
    across southern AZ. Another day of afternoon thunderstorms is
    anticipated as this moist airmass destabilizes amid strong diurnal
    heating. High-based storms coupled with moderate buoyancy and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in a few strong to severe gusts
    across the region this afternoon and evening.

    ..Mosier/Moore.. 08/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Aug 30 19:47:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301947
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301946

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 PM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026

    Valid 302000Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM SOUTHEAST MONTANA AND FAR NORTHEAST WYOMING INTO THE
    CENTRAL DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of damaging wind gusts are possible across
    portions of the northern Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...20z Update...
    Only minor changes were made to remove the Marginal Risk from behind
    ongoing convection in eastern Montana. Otherwise, the D1 Convective
    Outlook remains on track. See previous discussion and MCD #2174 for
    more information.

    ..Thornton.. 08/30/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026/

    ...Northern High Plains into the northern Plains...
    Recent satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough
    moving eastward across southern Saskatchewan and western MT/eastern
    ID. A belt of stronger westerly flow aloft likely exists within the
    base of this trough from eastern ID into western WY. Recent
    mesoanalysis estimates 50 to 60 kt at 500 mb, but its actual
    magnitude is uncertain. Showers and isolated thunderstorms are
    already ongoing downstream of this wave, and the general expectation
    is for these showers and thunderstorms to persist as the wave moves
    eastward, eventually encountering a notably more unstable airmass
    downstream.

    Current surface observations show mid 60s dewpoints into the western
    Dakotas, with upper 50s/low 60s dewpoints farther west in eastern
    MT. Afternoon high temperatures are expected range from the low to
    mid 80s along the MT/ND border into the low 90s farther south into
    southwest SD. Despite relatively poor pre-frontal mid-level lapse
    rates, the resulting temperature/dewpoint combination will support
    MLCAPE ranging from around 500-1000 J/kg across eastern MT and the
    western Dakotas to closer to 2000 J/kg across the central Dakotas.
    Some low-level stability may linger, but should be overcome by the
    strong forcing, and the development of a line of strong to severe
    storms is anticipated. Strong to severe gusts will be the primary
    risk, with some instance of gusts from 65 to 80 mph possible.
    Maximum storm intensity and highest severe coverage is currently
    forecast to occur from the ND/SD/MT border intersection vicinity
    eastward into south-central ND and north-central SD. Decreasing
    buoyancy is expected from the central Dakotas eastward, with
    gradually decreasing storm intensity expected as the line of storms
    moves into this region this evening.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Increased coverage and depth of the thunderstorms across UT indicate
    the presence of secondary area of ascent south of the primary
    shortwave trough, perhaps tied to a convectively augmented vorticity
    maximum. Expectation is for this vorticity maximum to progress
    eastward, persisting across the central Rockies before entering
    deeply mixed boundary-layer in place over the central High Plains.
    High-based storm character coupled with steep low-level lapse rates
    will support the development of strong outflow, and gusts from 60 to
    75 mph are possible.

    ...UT/Western CO...
    Thunderstorms are already ongoing from eastern UT into western CO,
    and deep-layer vertical shear is already strong enough to support
    organization within any more persistent updrafts. A few instances of
    hail and/or damaging gusts are possible with this activity.
    Additionally, considerable low-level moisture will remain over UT
    today, leading to another round of strong to isolated severe
    thunderstorms this afternoon. Deep-layer shear will remain
    sufficient for rotating storms capable of damaging wind gusts and
    hail. This additional activity should also spread into western CO
    before weakening this evening.

    ...Central/Southern AZ...
    Ample low-level moisture remains in place across much of AZ, with
    upper 50s dewpoints across northern AZ increasing into the mid 60s
    across southern AZ. Another day of afternoon thunderstorms is
    anticipated as this moist airmass destabilizes amid strong diurnal
    heating. High-based storms coupled with moderate buoyancy and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in a few strong to severe gusts
    across the region this afternoon and evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 31 00:59:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 310059
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 310057

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 PM CDT Sun Aug 30 2026

    Valid 310100Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of damaging wind gusts remain likely across
    portions of the northern Plains this evening.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed a strong, negative-tilt mid-level
    low and embedded shortwave trough ejecting eastward across southern
    SK into eastern MT. Accompanying the low, a prominent mid-level jet
    streak (60-70 kt) was quickly moving across the Rockies and into the
    Plains. A cold front, attendant to a surface low in southern Canada,
    will sweep quickly eastward across the Dakotas tonight.

    A well-develop squall line was observed along/ahead of the front
    from southern SK/MB to northern SD this evening. Within the line,
    numerous strong to severe gusts have been observed thus far. Aided
    by the enhanced mid-level flow ahead of the advancing upper trough,
    ascent will continue to support the line as it moves eastward this
    evening. The air mass downstream in the eastern Dakotas has remained
    sheltered much of the day, but is very moist with dewpoints in the
    upper 60s to low 70s F. Given the presence of an established cold
    pool and sufficient deep-layer shear, especially along the southern
    portions of the squall line, the severe threat may continue eastward
    this evening across southern ND and SD into the late evening hours,
    with a risk for damaging gusts.

    Eventually, increasing nocturnal inhibition and the weaker buoyancy
    should favor a decreasing severe risk. Convection may transition to
    more elevated structures above the more stable PBL with an isolated
    risk for occasional damaging gusts and some hail into the overnight
    hours across eastern ND and western MN.

    ...Central Rockies and High Plains...
    At the base of the upper low and shortwave, scattered thunderstorms
    were ongoing from eastern UT into western/central CO this evening.
    Enhanced mid-level flow is supporting organized clusters and some
    rotating storms. Hail or severe gusts are possible. Convection
    should weaken as it enters the more stable and cooler higher terrain
    across central CO. Sporadic strong gusts or small hail remain
    possible withe more robust storms in the mountains through tonight.

    East of the Divide, high-based showers and thunderstorms should
    increase in coverage this evening as a secondary mid-level vorticity
    maximum moves out over the Plains. Increasing ascent amid warm
    surface temperatures and steep low-level lapse rates (00z DDC
    sounding) should support strong downdrafts capable of severe gusts
    in the 60-75 mph range. 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear will support
    some conglomeration with hi-res model guidance showing a cluster or
    weak MCS moving across the High Plains of eastern CO, and western
    KS/NE this evening/tonight.

    ...AZ...
    Scattered thunderstorms over the lower deserts should persist
    through this evening given very hot surface temperatures and
    seasonable monsoon moisture. Moderate buoyancy but weak deep-layer
    shear should support multicell storms. Steep low-level lapse rates
    could result in a few strong to severe gusts this evening.

    ..Lyons.. 08/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 31 06:03:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 310603
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 310601

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CDT Mon Aug 31 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS TO GREAT LAKES AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER
    VALLEY/GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms will be possible mainly later this afternoon
    into tonight across the Upper Midwest/upper Great Lakes into the
    central Plains, as well as across the lower Colorado River Valley
    and Great Basin.

    ...Eastern Colorado/central High Plains to Upper Great Lakes...
    A prominent shortwave trough will spread east-northeastward across
    Saskatchewan and Manitoba through tonight, with 40-50 kt mid-level
    winds spreading across the Northern Plains and Upper Mississippi
    Valley. Across the Upper Midwest, a moist air mass will persist near
    a weak surface trough, with 2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE from Iowa into
    Wisconsin and northern Illinois. However, forcing for ascent will
    generally be weak, but isolated afternoon thunderstorms may occur
    over areas such as Wisconsin. Conditionally, hail over 1.00" will be
    possible. Additional isolated activity is possible from Iowa into
    northern Illinois/northern Michigan late tonight.

    A greater probability of thunderstorms will exist across eastern
    Colorado into Nebraska from mid/late afternoon into tonight,
    influenced by a northeastward-advancing mid-level wave. Strong
    heating over the central High Plains will support afternoon
    initiation near the Front Range, with clusters of storms producing
    strong to severe outflow winds, as storms potentially propagate into
    Nebraska. Bouts of severe hail and winds are possible.

    ...Lower Colorado River Valley/Great Basin...
    A northeastward-transitioning mid-level disturbance or two will
    influence thunderstorm development as the boundary layer warms into
    this afternoon. Some enhancement to the flow aloft is expected,
    which could support some sustained storms and possibly a few
    transient supercells, primarily across far eastern Nevada, southwest
    Utah and northwest Arizona. Some hail could occur, but
    severe-caliber wind gusts are most probable hazard regionally.

    ...Southern Louisiana/Gulf Coast...
    Reference NHC for the latest details regarding a disturbance off the
    coast of southern Louisiana. Related low-level flow fields are
    currently not expected to strengthen enough to support a meaningful near-shore/inland supercell potential through early Tuesday.

    ..Guyer/Wendt.. 08/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 31 18:02:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 311628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 311626

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CDT Mon Aug 31 2026

    Valid 311630Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES INTO WESTERN NEW YORK...THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS...AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY INTO THE GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur this afternoon
    into tonight across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into
    western New York, the central Plains, and lower Colorado River
    Valley into the Great Basin. Severe hail and strong/damaging winds
    should be the main threats.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into Western New York...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the northern Plains and
    Saskatchewan/Manitoba will move generally eastward today, with a
    mid-level anticyclone remaining centered over the mid MS
    Valley/Mid-South through the period. Between these two features, a
    belt of enhanced westerly mid-level winds will overspread parts of
    the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes. A rather moist and strongly
    unstable airmass is expected to be in place this afternoon across
    portions of WI/MI ahead of a weak front. While there are still some
    concerns about convective initiation and overall thunderstorm
    coverage, it appears that a weak mid-level perturbation over eastern
    NE/western IA late this morning will track northeastward towards WI
    by late afternoon/early evening. This feature may aid the
    development of isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms across
    parts of WI into the U.P. of MI.

    Given strong to very strong instability and moderate to strong
    deep-layer shear forecast, widely spaced supercells capable of
    producing large hail appear possible late this afternoon into the
    evening across these areas, if convection develops. Considered
    greater hail probabilities to account for this scenario, but warm
    low-level temperatures (around 850 mb) and mixed signals in
    high-resolution guidance cast enough uncertainty on coverage to
    defer upgrading with this update. Thunderstorms may also spread from
    Lower MI into western NY tonight into early Tuesday morning.
    Increasing low-level moisture and related instability may support an
    isolated threat for damaging winds with this activity, even though
    lapse rates aloft should remain modest.

    ...Central Plains...
    High-based thunderstorms should develop this afternoon across the
    higher terrain of the central Rockies/Front Range, and spread east-northeastward across the adjacent High Plains through the
    evening. While low-level moisture/instability will remain limited
    across eastern CO and vicinity, steepened low/mid-level lapse rates
    amid a very well-mixed boundary layer may still support isolated
    strong to severe downdraft winds with this activity. Occasional hail
    may also occur with the strongest cores. Thunderstorm coverage
    farther east across NE along/near a weak front remains uncertain.
    But, any convection which can develop and be sustained across this
    area may also pose an isolated severe threat.

    ...Lower Colorado River Valley into the Great Basin...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over CA will move northeastward across
    NV today and aid thunderstorm development as the boundary layer
    warms into this afternoon across parts of the lower CO River Valley
    and Great Basin. Some enhancement to the mid-level flow is forecast,
    which should support sustained updrafts and possibly a few transient supercells, primarily across far eastern NV, southwest UT, and
    northwest AZ. Isolated severe hail could occur with these cells.
    But, strong to severe wind gusts will probably become the primary
    risk with time given steep low-level lapse rates and tendency for
    convection to cluster through the late afternoon/early evening.

    ...Coastal/Southeast Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Reference NHC forecasts/advisories for the latest information on PTC
    Five over the northern Gulf. Latest model guidance continues to
    suggest that low-level easterly flow on the northern side of this
    system will only modestly strengthen before landfall tomorrow. As
    such, the degree of low-level shear appears too limited to warrant
    low severe wind or tornado probabilities at this time.

    ..Gleason/Moore.. 08/31/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Aug 31 19:31:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 311929
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 311928

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Mon Aug 31 2026

    Valid 312000Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES INTO WESTERN NEW YORK...THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS...AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER VALLEY INTO THE GREAT BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur this afternoon
    into tonight across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into
    western New York, the central Plains, and lower Colorado River
    Valley into the Great Basin. Severe hail and strong/damaging winds
    should be the main threats.

    ...20z Update...
    Minor adjustments were made to remove the Marginal Risk across
    portions of northern Arizona/far southern Nevada where lingering precipitation/cloud cover is limiting instability and drier
    mid-level air is filtering in from the west. Otherwise, the forecast
    remains on track. See previous discussion below for more
    information.

    ..Thornton.. 08/31/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1126 AM CDT Mon Aug 31 2026/

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into Western New York...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the northern Plains and
    Saskatchewan/Manitoba will move generally eastward today, with a
    mid-level anticyclone remaining centered over the mid MS
    Valley/Mid-South through the period. Between these two features, a
    belt of enhanced westerly mid-level winds will overspread parts of
    the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes. A rather moist and strongly
    unstable airmass is expected to be in place this afternoon across
    portions of WI/MI ahead of a weak front. While there are still some
    concerns about convective initiation and overall thunderstorm
    coverage, it appears that a weak mid-level perturbation over eastern
    NE/western IA late this morning will track northeastward towards WI
    by late afternoon/early evening. This feature may aid the
    development of isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms across
    parts of WI into the U.P. of MI.

    Given strong to very strong instability and moderate to strong
    deep-layer shear forecast, widely spaced supercells capable of
    producing large hail appear possible late this afternoon into the
    evening across these areas, if convection develops. Considered
    greater hail probabilities to account for this scenario, but warm
    low-level temperatures (around 850 mb) and mixed signals in
    high-resolution guidance cast enough uncertainty on coverage to
    defer upgrading with this update. Thunderstorms may also spread from
    Lower MI into western NY tonight into early Tuesday morning.
    Increasing low-level moisture and related instability may support an
    isolated threat for damaging winds with this activity, even though
    lapse rates aloft should remain modest.

    ...Central Plains...
    High-based thunderstorms should develop this afternoon across the
    higher terrain of the central Rockies/Front Range, and spread east-northeastward across the adjacent High Plains through the
    evening. While low-level moisture/instability will remain limited
    across eastern CO and vicinity, steepened low/mid-level lapse rates
    amid a very well-mixed boundary layer may still support isolated
    strong to severe downdraft winds with this activity. Occasional hail
    may also occur with the strongest cores. Thunderstorm coverage
    farther east across NE along/near a weak front remains uncertain.
    But, any convection which can develop and be sustained across this
    area may also pose an isolated severe threat.

    ...Lower Colorado River Valley into the Great Basin...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over CA will move northeastward across
    NV today and aid thunderstorm development as the boundary layer
    warms into this afternoon across parts of the lower CO River Valley
    and Great Basin. Some enhancement to the mid-level flow is forecast,
    which should support sustained updrafts and possibly a few transient supercells, primarily across far eastern NV, southwest UT, and
    northwest AZ. Isolated severe hail could occur with these cells.
    But, strong to severe wind gusts will probably become the primary
    risk with time given steep low-level lapse rates and tendency for
    convection to cluster through the late afternoon/early evening.

    ...Coastal/Southeast Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Reference NHC forecasts/advisories for the latest information on PTC
    Five over the northern Gulf. Latest model guidance continues to
    suggest that low-level easterly flow on the northern side of this
    system will only modestly strengthen before landfall tomorrow. As
    such, the degree of low-level shear appears too limited to warrant
    low severe wind or tornado probabilities at this time.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 1 00:54:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 010054
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010052

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 PM CDT Mon Aug 31 2026

    Valid 010100Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE GREAT BASIN...THE CENTRAL PLAINS...AND THE MIDWEST/GREAT
    LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms remain possible into tonight
    across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into western New York,
    the central Plains, and lower Colorado River Valley into the Great
    Basin. Severe hail and strong/damaging winds should be the main
    threats.

    ...Great Lakes to western NY...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed an occluded upper low over MB/AB
    moving eastward with a low-amplitude shortwave trough over the
    central Plains. A corridor of enhanced mid-level westerly flow was overspreading the Midwest and western Great Lakes. At the surface, a
    weak cold front was moving from southern Canada into western WI and
    trailing westward across the central Plains.

    A rather moist and strongly unstable air mass remains in place this
    evening across portions of WI/MI ahead of the surface front. So far,
    weak forcing for ascent and residual inhibition has prevent much in
    the way of robust convection. Isolated development will remain
    possible, as hinted by short term guidance, through later this
    evening given the strong instability and glancing influence of the
    upper low/trough. While uncertain, if storms are able to develop,
    45-50 kt of bulk shear would support supercells with damaging wind
    and some hail potential across eastern WI into lower MI.

    Thunderstorms may also spread from Lower MI and southern ON into
    western NY tonight into early Tuesday morning aided by low-level
    warm air advection. Increasing instability may support an isolated
    threat for damaging winds overnight.

    ...Central Plains...
    High-based thunderstorms ongoing across the High Plains of CO will
    continue to track northeastward along the surface front this
    evening. Hot surface temperatures have helped steepen low/mid-level
    lapse rates and will support isolated strong to severe downdraft
    winds with this activity. Occasional hail may also occur with the
    strongest cores thanks to some organization from a belt of stronger
    mid-level flow. This organization and coalescing outflow could
    support some clustering later tonight. See MCD#2138 for additional
    information.

    ...Great Basin...
    Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing this evening over portions of
    southern UT/NV. Aided by strong heating of a monsoon air mass and
    weak ascent from a passing shortwave trough, these storms should
    continue into the overnight hours. Modestly enhanced mid-level flow
    and steep low-level lapse rates will support severe wind potential
    and some risk for hail with the stronger clusters or transient
    supercells. Much weaker buoyancy to the north may limit severity of
    the convection as they encounter the more stable air mass this
    evening.

    ...Coastal/Southeast Texas into Southern Louisiana...
    Reference NHC forecasts/advisories for the latest information on TD
    5. Low-level easterly flow on the northern side of the TC
    should remain modest ahead of a forecast landfall tomorrow. This,
    combined with the compact nature of the system favors weak low-level
    shear and limited potential for onshore bands with tornado or
    thunderstorm driven damaging wind potential.

    ..Lyons.. 09/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 1 06:04:40 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 010604
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010603

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0103 AM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS AND MIDWEST INTO PARTS OF PENNSYLVANIA
    NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible over the central
    Plains and Midwest, as well as parts of New York, Pennsylvania and
    New Jersey.

    ...Eastern Great Lakes, OH valley and NY/NJ...
    Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing early
    in the period across parts of NY associated with a lead shortwave
    trough and warm advection. Remnant clouds, showers and storms should
    persist trough the day along a northwest to southeast warm front
    across northern/eastern NY into NJ. A second shortwave trough and
    mid-level jet will approach during the afternoon providing ascent
    across the upper OH Valley and NY.

    Despite modest mid-level lapse rates, 70s F surface dewpoints and
    strong heating will support a very unstable air mass with MLCAPE of
    3000+ J/kg south of the warm front. Increasing vertical shear ahead
    of the mid-level speed max will favor a mix of supercells and line
    segments across southern NY, PA and NJ through the afternoon.
    Scattered damaging gusts and isolated hail are the most likely
    hazards. Low-level shear will be greatest near the southern Hudson
    Valley and the instability gradient into northeast PA/northern NJ.
    Enhanced ESRH could support a couple of tornadoes with the stronger
    supercells or QLCS segments.

    Some guidance shows additional thunderstorms developing over
    southern lower MI and ON early Wed, associated with another
    mid-level wave speed max across the eastern Great Lakes. Sufficient
    elevated buoyancy (2000 J/kg MUCAPE) and vertical shear will exist
    for some damaging wind threat should this occur. This scenario
    remains uncertain, but these storms could potentially track
    southeast and organize, approaching northeast OH and western NY/PA
    by 12z Wed morning.

    ...Central/northern Plains...
    A stalled front will lift northward across parts of NE/SD as several low-amplitude shortwave troughs move out of the Rockies and onto the
    Plains. Weak ascent from these features will modestly deepen a
    surface low across NE and SD. In response, strengthening southerly flow/moisture should result in moderate to strong destabilization by
    early afternoon.

    Convection lingering from overnight may begin to rejuvenate along
    and north of the front across SD as heating increases through the
    afternoon. Meanwhile, inhibition owing to warm mid-level
    temperatures will likely remain in place most of the day south of
    the front. Weak ascent and strong heating should be sufficient to
    support isolated storm development by late afternoon. A belt of
    enhanced southwesterly flow aloft would favor organization with
    supercell or strong clusters likely. Hail (some 2+ inch) is possible
    along with damaging gusts given a supercell mode. A tornado or two
    is also possible given the potential for supercells to reside along
    the boundary where low-level flow will be substantially backed and
    hodographs expanded.

    Eventually, one or more clusters may merge into an MCS and track
    eastward along the front into eastern SD and southern MN through the
    evening. Damaging gusts will be possible if this convection can
    organize through the late evening/overnight hours. Model guidance
    varies on the intensity and organization of the system. However,
    confidence has increased enough that 15% CIG1 wind probabilities
    have been added along the front.

    ...High Plains...
    To the southwest along the surface lee trough, high-based convection
    is likely to develop around peak heating across southwestern NE into
    eastern Co and western KS. Despite more limited surface moisture,
    very warm temperatures and steep lapse rates in the lower/middle
    troposphere will promote strong multicell clusters. These storms
    could produce severe gusts as they move east/northwest eventually
    moving into more unstable air.

    ...Upper TX Coast...
    TS Eduardo located near 28.6N 91.8W as of 10 pm CDT is forecast to
    move toward the southwest LA/southeast TX coast and make landfall
    tonight. Wind fields are forecast to remain relatively confined
    given its small size and fast westward motion. This should limit
    stronger low-level shear favorable for supercells and tornadoes.

    ..Lyons/Wendt.. 09/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 1 12:13:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 011213
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011212

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0712 AM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026

    Valid 011300Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PARTS OF THE NORTHEAST STATES...AND THIS EVENING OVER THE
    CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible over the central
    Plains and Midwest, as well as parts of New York, Pennsylvania and
    New Jersey.

    ...Northeast...
    A broad upper ridge remains in place over the Mid MS/TN Valleys,
    with northwest flow aloft affecting the northeast US and
    Mid-Atlantic states. The main baroclinic zone in this region
    currently extends from central NY into southern New England, with
    dewpoints in the mid-upper 60s along and south of the boundary. This
    air mass is expected to destabilize through the day as temperatures
    warm through the 80s, leading to a zone of strong instability
    (MLCAPE of 2500+ J/kg) over parts of PA/NY/NJ. Ongoing convection
    may delay daytime heating, but eventually strong storms are expected
    to form in this region, spreading southeastward through the late
    afternoon and evening. Damaging winds are the primary concern,
    although some hail and a tornado or two cannot be ruled out. A lack
    of a more obvious upper feature to aid in large-scale forcing may
    limit the overall coverage of severe storms.

    ...SD/NE/MN/IA...
    A shortwave trough currently over western CO will track quickly
    northeastward and affect the central Plains by late afternoon.
    Strong heating and a moist air mass will yield moderate CAPE over
    parts of SD/NE. Low-level warm advection and diurnal heating will
    lead to scattered thunderstorm development over central SD by late
    afternoon. Initial supercell storms are expected, capable of
    damaging winds, large hail, and perhaps a tornado. Storms are
    expected to become more numerous during the evening and grow upscale
    into bowing structures, with a damaging wind risk tracking eastward
    into parts of southern MN and perhaps northern IA. Some guidance
    suggests storms will maintain some damaging wind risk into central
    WI overnight.

    ...Southwest LA/Southeast TX...
    Tropical Storm Eduardo is expected to strengthen today off the
    immediate LA/TX coast and move inland this afternoon and evening.
    Models continue to show limited discrete convection in the northeast
    quadrant of the system, suggested a rather low tornado risk today. Nevertheless, given the potential for rapid strengthening around the
    time of landfall, have opted for a small 2% tornado risk area for a
    few hours this evening.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 09/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 1 16:30:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 011630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026

    Valid 011630Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN NEW YORK INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL
    PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms should occur this afternoon
    into tonight across parts of the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest, and parts of southern New York into the Mid-Atlantic. Large
    hail and damaging winds should be the main threats.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Southern New York...
    A mid/upper-level anticyclone will remain centered over the TN
    Valley/Mid-South today, with a mid-level shortwave trough forecast
    to move eastward across Ontario through the period. In between these
    features, a belt of enhanced west-northwesterly flow will exist
    across the Great Lakes into the Mid-Atlantic. Latest surface
    observations show a front draped from northwest to southeast across
    southern NY/New England, with cloud cover and precipitation ongoing
    across these areas. Current expectations are for destabilization to
    occur along/south of the front through the afternoon, with modestly
    steepened mid-level lapse rates present across MI (reference 12Z
    observed APX/DTX soundings) forecast to advect southeastward across
    the Mid-Atlantic. Moderate to strong instability will likely develop
    by mid afternoon across PA/NJ, with 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear
    fostering updraft organization.

    While there is still some uncertainty regarding overall convective
    development and evolution this afternoon/evening owing to nebulous
    large-scale ascent, most high-resolution guidance develops isolated
    to widely scattered thunderstorms along/south of the front,
    particularly over eastern PA into NJ and vicinity. Supercells with a
    severe hail/wind threat will be possible initially, and enough
    low-level shear may exist near the front for a tornado or two as
    well. Whether convection can grow upscale into one or more clusters
    also remains uncertain. But if this occurs, then the threat for
    damaging winds may increase late this afternoon into the evening
    given the rather favorable environment forecast.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over the northern/central Rockies and
    adjacent High Plains this morning will translate northeastward today
    over the northern/central Plains. A moist and unstable airmass will
    reside along/south of a front forecast to extend generally west to
    east across parts of southern SD/northern NE into southern
    MN/northern IA. Robust thunderstorm development appears increasingly
    likely by 21-23Z across north-central NE as large-scale ascent
    preceding the shortwave trough overspreads the destabilizing warm
    sector. Latest NAM/RAP forecast soundings across this region show up
    to 1500-2500 J/kg of MLCAPE and strong deep-layer shear, which will
    likely support supercells initially. With steepened low/mid-level
    lapse rates and elongated/nearly straight hodographs at mid levels
    depicted, some potential for 2+ inch hail may exist with these
    supercells. A tornado or two also appears possible as low-level
    shear gradually increases after 02/00Z. With time, a bowing cluster
    is expected to develop across eastern SD/northeast NE this evening,
    and subsequently track eastward across southern MN/northern IA with
    a severe/damaging wind threat overnight. Some risk for damaging
    winds and hail may continue into early Wednesday morning across
    parts of WI and Lower MI as well.

    ...Coastal Southeast Texas/Southwest Louisiana...
    Tropical Storm Edouard will continue tracking northwestward today,
    per latest NHC forecasts. Some enhancement to the low-level wind
    field and hodograph is noted on the latest VWP and 15Z special
    observed sounding from KLCH. This may support transient updraft
    rotation with any cells on the north to northeast side of Edouard's circulation, and a brief tornado or two may occur this
    afternoon/evening across parts of coastal southeast TX/southwest LA
    as filtered diurnal heating supports modest destabilization.

    ..Gleason/Moore.. 09/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 1 20:02:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 012002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 012000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026

    Valid 012000Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN NEW YORK INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL
    PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms should occur this afternoon
    into tonight across parts of the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest, and parts of southern New York into the Mid-Atlantic. Large
    hail and damaging winds should be the main threats.

    ...20Z Update...
    Only minor changes were made with this update. The MRGL Risk was
    expanded slightly southward into northwest KS, where an evolving
    storm and additional towering cumulus will pose a risk of isolated
    large hail and locally severe gusts -- aided by an elongated
    hodograph (around 30 kt of effective shear) and sufficient buoyancy.

    In the northern/central Plains, some consideration was given to
    adding 30-percent wind probabilities in parts of southeast SD,
    northeast NE, and northwest IA. Here, guidance is in good agreement
    that an upscale-growing cluster will pose a relatively greater
    severe-wind risk. However, given the late expected timing, higher
    probabilities were withheld at this time.

    For details on the near-term severe risk, see MCDs 2184 and 2185.

    ..Weinman.. 09/01/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026/

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Southern New York...
    A mid/upper-level anticyclone will remain centered over the TN
    Valley/Mid-South today, with a mid-level shortwave trough forecast
    to move eastward across Ontario through the period. In between these
    features, a belt of enhanced west-northwesterly flow will exist
    across the Great Lakes into the Mid-Atlantic. Latest surface
    observations show a front draped from northwest to southeast across
    southern NY/New England, with cloud cover and precipitation ongoing
    across these areas. Current expectations are for destabilization to
    occur along/south of the front through the afternoon, with modestly
    steepened mid-level lapse rates present across MI (reference 12Z
    observed APX/DTX soundings) forecast to advect southeastward across
    the Mid-Atlantic. Moderate to strong instability will likely develop
    by mid afternoon across PA/NJ, with 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear
    fostering updraft organization.

    While there is still some uncertainty regarding overall convective
    development and evolution this afternoon/evening owing to nebulous
    large-scale ascent, most high-resolution guidance develops isolated
    to widely scattered thunderstorms along/south of the front,
    particularly over eastern PA into NJ and vicinity. Supercells with a
    severe hail/wind threat will be possible initially, and enough
    low-level shear may exist near the front for a tornado or two as
    well. Whether convection can grow upscale into one or more clusters
    also remains uncertain. But if this occurs, then the threat for
    damaging winds may increase late this afternoon into the evening
    given the rather favorable environment forecast.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over the northern/central Rockies and
    adjacent High Plains this morning will translate northeastward today
    over the northern/central Plains. A moist and unstable airmass will
    reside along/south of a front forecast to extend generally west to
    east across parts of southern SD/northern NE into southern
    MN/northern IA. Robust thunderstorm development appears increasingly
    likely by 21-23Z across north-central NE as large-scale ascent
    preceding the shortwave trough overspreads the destabilizing warm
    sector. Latest NAM/RAP forecast soundings across this region show up
    to 1500-2500 J/kg of MLCAPE and strong deep-layer shear, which will
    likely support supercells initially. With steepened low/mid-level
    lapse rates and elongated/nearly straight hodographs at mid levels
    depicted, some potential for 2+ inch hail may exist with these
    supercells. A tornado or two also appears possible as low-level
    shear gradually increases after 02/00Z. With time, a bowing cluster
    is expected to develop across eastern SD/northeast NE this evening,
    and subsequently track eastward across southern MN/northern IA with
    a severe/damaging wind threat overnight. Some risk for damaging
    winds and hail may continue into early Wednesday morning across
    parts of WI and Lower MI as well.

    ...Coastal Southeast Texas/Southwest Louisiana...
    Tropical Storm Edouard will continue tracking northwestward today,
    per latest NHC forecasts. Some enhancement to the low-level wind
    field and hodograph is noted on the latest VWP and 15Z special
    observed sounding from KLCH. This may support transient updraft
    rotation with any cells on the north to northeast side of Edouard's circulation, and a brief tornado or two may occur this
    afternoon/evening across parts of coastal southeast TX/southwest LA
    as filtered diurnal heating supports modest destabilization.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 2 01:01:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 020101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026

    Valid 020100Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST AS WELL AS THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms remain likely into tonight
    across parts of the northern/central Plains and Upper Midwest, and
    parts of southern New York into the Mid-Atlantic. Large hail and
    damaging winds should be the main threats.

    ...Southern NY/The Mid Atlantic...
    A mid-level shortwave trough and enhanced west-northwesterly flow
    were observed from the Northeast/Mid Atlantic States to the lower
    Great Lakes this evening. A front was draped from northwest to
    southeast across southern NY/New England, with numerous showers and
    storms ongoing along and south of it this evening. The air mass here
    is unstable and moderately sheared which is supporting organized
    supercells and short linear segments. Damaging gusts remain likely
    through this evening, along with some hail and perhaps a brief
    tornado, especially near the from across southeastern PA and NJ
    where low-level sear is maximized. Convection should eventually
    begin to weaken with the loss of diurnal heating and as it
    approaches the coast later this evening.

    ...Central Plains and Midwest...
    Several supercells have developed ahead of a weak surface low along
    a stalled front from NE into SD. A very unstable air mass (MLCAPE of
    3000+ J/kg) is in place and extended downstream of the cluster
    across eastern SD, northern IA and southern MN. A belt of strong
    mid-level westerly flow along the front will continue to support
    organized storms. Upscale growth is possible this evening with one
    or more clusters or an MCS expected to eventually develop and track
    across portions of northern IA and far southern MN. This will pose a
    threat for severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado along the front
    through tonight.

    Farther southwest along the surface lee trough, scattered high-based
    storms were ongoing in eastern CO and western KS. Buoyancy and shear
    are much weaker, but steep lapse rates and T/TD spread of 30-40
    degrees could support a sporadic severe gusts with these storms
    before they weaken near sunset.

    ...Great Lakes...
    A secondary mid-level vort max and upper low, currently over the
    western Great lakes, may serve as a focus for additional storm
    development tonight across eastern WI and lower MI. The eastern
    portions of the quasi stationary front remain very warm and
    unstable. As ascent from the upper low/shortwave approach after
    midnight, they may support a modest enhancement of the southwestern
    low-level jet. Warm advection at the nose of this feature could
    allow for a cluster of thunderstorms to develop and intensify. The
    large elevated buoyancy and 40-50 kt westerly flow would favor a
    risk for hail and damaging gusts before moving into southern ON by
    12z Wed. However, confidence in how this scenario evolves remains
    low and only 5% wind/hail probabilities will be maintained given the uncertainty in storm development.

    ...Coastal Southeast Texas/Southwest Louisiana...
    Tropical Storm Edouard will continue tracking northwestward across
    southeast TX and southwest LA per latest NHC forecasts. Some
    enhancement to the low-level wind field and hodographs has been
    noted in outer bands along the northern portions of the circulation.
    This may support transient updraft rotation with any cells. A brief
    tornado or two may occur across parts of coastal southeast
    TX/southwest LA through tonight as the system weakens.

    ..Lyons.. 09/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 2 05:59:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 020559
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020557

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN
    AND CENTRAL MT AND FROM THE LOWER GREAT LAKES TO THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the eastern
    Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic today and tonight. Damaging wind
    gusts are the main threat, though some large hail and a few
    tornadoes may also occur. Scattered severe gusts and more sporadic
    occurrences of large hail appear possible from the northern Rockies
    into northern High Plains Wednesday afternoon into night.

    ...Eastern Great Lakes, Mid Atlantic...
    Several low-amplitude impulses embedded within a belt of moderate
    mid-level northwest flow of 40-60 kt will move from the lower Great
    Lakes into the northeast and Mid Atlantic today and tonight. A
    surface low over James bay will trail a slow moving cold front to
    the southwest across lower ON, the lakes and into MI/OH with a
    second backdoor front stalled across the eastern Hudson Valley and
    southern new England. Within the warm sector, a very moist air mass
    will be in place over much of the Northeast contributing to large
    buoyancy and broad, but uncertain potential for severe thunderstorms
    much of the day.

    A complex convective scenario is expected across the region
    modulated by several rounds of thunderstorms beginning early this
    morning. Convection associated with a lead shortwave trough exiting
    southern ON will likely support scattered storms along the front
    across the lower Great Lakes and NY this morning. Isolated large
    hail and damaging winds are possible with these storms as they move southeastward and encounter a gradually destabilizing air mass
    across southern PA and possibly into VA/MD.

    Air mass recovery is expected behind this initial condition as the
    primary upper trough moves from WI and lower MI into western NY/PA
    later in the afternoon. Steep mid-level lapse rates of 7-7.5 C/km
    atop boundary layer dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s will aide
    in destabilization with upwards of 2000-3000+ J/kg of MLCAPE by
    afternoon from lower MI into western parts of NY and PA. Storm
    development is expected ahead of the approaching trough and cold
    front as well as on any residual outflow from the morning storms. A
    mix of supercells and line segments is expected with all hazards
    possible.

    A greater tornado risk may evolve in the evening across southern NY
    and central PA, contingent upon air mass recovery in the wake of the
    prior storms and presence of a more supercellular mode. NAM/RAP
    forecast soundings do show some elongation of low-level hodographs,
    and any modifying old pool or outflow boundary could further enhance
    low-level shear profiles favorable for tornadoes. Higher tornado
    probabilities were considered, but uncertainty on the aforementioned
    factors remains large.

    ...MT/ND...
    A compact but strong shortwave trough is forecast to move rapidly
    northeastward from the Great Basin to the northern Rockies today and
    tonight. 35-50 kt mid-level flow will accompany this feature and
    overspread a modestly moist, but warm and unstable air mass across
    much of central and eastern MT. Ascent from the approaching
    shortwave trough will aid in the development of thunderstorms across
    the higher terrain of western MT through the afternoon. Despite
    modest buoyancy, steep lapse rate profiles and a deep, well-mixed
    boundary layer, will enhance severe-wind-gust potential with these
    storms. 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear will promote organization and
    clustering with some guidance showing a fast-moving line developing
    and moving northeastward through the later afternoon/early evening.
    Scattered severe gusts are likely, with peak intensity of 65-80 mph
    possible.

    Additional storms are possible across portions of eastern MT into
    the evening within a zone of warm advection along a nocturnally
    strengthening low-level jet. Isolated large hail appears to be the
    primary hazard with those storms.

    ...WY...
    Some model guidance shows high-based showers and thunderstorms
    developing near the southern fringes of the northern Rockies trough
    across WY this afternoon. Modest low-level moisture/buoyancy may
    limit convective intensity, but sporadic strong outflow gusts are
    possible given a very deeply mixed boundary layer.

    ...Mid MO Valley into IA and southern MN...
    An intensifying low-level jet will likely support an increase in
    thunderstorms late this evening/overnight across the MO valley and
    parts of the Midwest. Moderate to strong elevated instability and
    sufficient vertical shear may exist for a few stronger storms
    capable of marginal severe hail. However, overall forcing for ascent
    is modest and with building mid-level heights, confidence in a
    broader organized severe threat is low.

    ..Lyons/Wendt.. 09/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 2 12:25:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 021225
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021223

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0723 AM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026

    Valid 021300Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHEAST STATES...AND ACROSS PARTS OF MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the eastern
    Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic today and tonight. Damaging wind
    gusts are the main threat, though some large hail and a few
    tornadoes may also occur. Scattered severe gusts and more sporadic
    occurrences of large hail appear possible from the northern Rockies
    into northern High Plains today into night.

    ...Northeast States...
    A complex but potentially active convective day is in store for
    parts of the northeast US today. A fast-moving MCS and associated
    mid-level shortwave trough is over Lake Michigan. This system is
    forecast to track rapidly eastward across Lower MI and southwest ON
    this morning before emerging into western NY/PA this afternoon. A
    consensus of overnight CAM solutions indicate this will be the focus
    for strong-severe thunderstorms that track east-southeastward during
    the afternoon and evening toward the Mid-Atlantic coast. Ample
    low-level moisture is present in this corridor. This along with
    daytime heating well into the 80s and steep low-level lapse rates
    will favor damaging wind gust potential in the strongest storms. A
    north-south surface boundary is expected to lie from central NY into east-central PA this afternoon, where low-level shear will be
    locally enhanced to pose some risk of a few tornadoes.

    The primary uncertainty for a more widespread severe event today is
    the presence of considerable morning convection currently over
    northwest PA and western NY. These storms are well-ahead of the
    main forcing feature, and decrease confidence in significant
    destabilization over the primary risk area this afternoon. These
    early storms may pose a damaging wind and hail risk through the day,
    especially after a few hours of heating.

    ...MT...
    Scattered high-based thunderstorms are expected to develop over the
    mountains of southwest MT this afternoon. Strong winds aloft and
    steep low-level lapse rates will aid in the risk of damaging wind
    gusts as the activity spreads northeastward through the early
    evening.

    ...CO/WY...
    Scattered afternoon thunderstorms are expected to develop over the
    mountains of northern/western CO and southern WY. This activity
    will spread northeastward into eastern WY/western NE where
    inverted-v thermodynamic profiles are expected with 40-50 t-td
    spreads. This may result in locally damaging wind gusts.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 09/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 2 16:31:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 021630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026

    Valid 021630Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    WESTERN NEW YORK...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms are likely across parts
    of the Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic this afternoon through
    tonight. Damaging winds are the main threat, though some large hail
    and a few tornadoes may also occur. Scattered severe gusts and
    isolated large hail appear possible over the northern Rockies/High
    Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...Lower Michigan into the Mid-Atlantic...
    An ongoing cluster across south-central PA has a well established
    cold pool and a history of producing damaging winds across
    western/central PA. This convection is expected to continue moving
    quickly southeastward through the afternoon across parts of
    MD/DC/northern VA and vicinity. There is still some uncertainty on
    whether this cluster will be able to maintain intensity with
    southward extent into the Mid-Atlantic, as it becomes increasingly
    removed from the stronger forcing aloft/mid-level flow over the
    Great Lakes into NY. Still, a differential heating zone remains
    apparent along/near the Chesapeake Bay per recent visible satellite
    imagery and surface observations. The cluster should tend to remain
    on the warm side of this boundary, with steepening low-level lapse
    rates developing as daytime heating continues to destabilize the
    downstream airmass. Scattered damaging winds will likely remain a
    threat with these thunderstorms as they track across the southern
    Mid-Atlantic before eventually weakening.

    In the wake of this late morning/early afternoon activity, it
    appears likely that robust destabilization will occur across parts
    of lower MI into western NY. 12Z observed soundings from APX/DTX/BUF
    showed moderate to very strong MUCAPE and modestly steepened
    mid-level lapse rates with an EML. This favorable airmass will
    spread eastward through the day in tandem with a mid-level shortwave
    trough and 50-60 kt mid-level jet also advancing eastward over the
    Great Lakes and ON. Even with some cloud cover present, moderate to
    strong instability will likely be in place across western NY by late
    afternoon, to the west of a differential heating zone/front.
    Thunderstorms are expected to develop along/ahead of a cold front
    from parts of southeast Lower MI to the lower Great Lakes, with 50+
    kt of deep-layer shear supporting organized updrafts. A mix of
    supercells and multicells will likely pose a threat for both severe
    hail and scattered to numerous damaging winds. Sufficient low-level
    shear should also be present to support a few tornadoes, with some
    chance for a strong tornado this evening if a supercell mode can be
    maintained across western NY and vicinity. Confidence has increased
    in a corridor of greater severe/damaging wind potential late this afternoon/evening across parts of western NY, where an Enhanced Risk
    has been introduced.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    High-based thunderstorms have already developed over the higher
    terrain of central ID this morning. Enhanced winds aloft associated
    with a northeastward-ejecting mid-level shortwave trough and steep
    low-level lapse rates will support a risk for scattered
    severe/damaging winds as this activity spreads northeastward across
    MT this afternoon and evening. Occasional 75+ mph gusts may occur,
    even though instability should remain weak. Isolated thunderstorms
    may also develop later this evening/tonight in a low-level warm
    advection regime across eastern MT into western ND, with some hail
    threat.

    ...Eastern Utah into the Central Rockies/High Plains...
    Thunderstorms are expected to increase in coverage this afternoon
    over eastern UT into the higher terrain of northern/western CO and
    southern WY. This activity will spread northeastward into eastern
    WY/western NE where a very deep/well-mixed boundary layer should
    support locally severe gusts.

    ..Gleason/Moore.. 09/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 2 20:16:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 022002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 022000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026

    Valid 022000Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    WESTERN NEW YORK...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms are likely across parts
    of the Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic this afternoon through
    tonight. Damaging winds are the main threat, though some large hail
    and a few tornadoes may also occur. Scattered severe gusts and
    isolated large hail appear possible over the northern Rockies/High
    Plains this afternoon and evening.

    ...20Z Update...
    The Enhanced Risk in NY was expanded slightly eastward, driven by
    45-percent wind probabilities. Here, temperatures are gradually
    warming into the upper 70s to lower 80s (higher than earlier
    guidance suggested). This will yield a corridor of moderate
    surface-based buoyancy ahead of developing storms this afternoon.
    Strong deep-layer shear oriented favorably to an expected cluster of
    storms and the destabilizing air mass should support a swath of wind
    damage (supported by the latest time-lagged HRRR/RRFS ensemble
    guidance). For additional details, see MCD 2201.

    Farther west, severe probabilities were trimmed behind a strongly
    forced, northeastward-moving band of convection in the northern
    Rockies. For details on the near-term severe threat, see MCD 2200
    and Severe Thunderstorm Watch 644.

    ..Weinman.. 09/02/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026/

    ...Lower Michigan into the Mid-Atlantic...
    An ongoing cluster across south-central PA has a well established
    cold pool and a history of producing damaging winds across
    western/central PA. This convection is expected to continue moving
    quickly southeastward through the afternoon across parts of
    MD/DC/northern VA and vicinity. There is still some uncertainty on
    whether this cluster will be able to maintain intensity with
    southward extent into the Mid-Atlantic, as it becomes increasingly
    removed from the stronger forcing aloft/mid-level flow over the
    Great Lakes into NY. Still, a differential heating zone remains
    apparent along/near the Chesapeake Bay per recent visible satellite
    imagery and surface observations. The cluster should tend to remain
    on the warm side of this boundary, with steepening low-level lapse
    rates developing as daytime heating continues to destabilize the
    downstream airmass. Scattered damaging winds will likely remain a
    threat with these thunderstorms as they track across the southern
    Mid-Atlantic before eventually weakening.

    In the wake of this late morning/early afternoon activity, it
    appears likely that robust destabilization will occur across parts
    of lower MI into western NY. 12Z observed soundings from APX/DTX/BUF
    showed moderate to very strong MUCAPE and modestly steepened
    mid-level lapse rates with an EML. This favorable airmass will
    spread eastward through the day in tandem with a mid-level shortwave
    trough and 50-60 kt mid-level jet also advancing eastward over the
    Great Lakes and ON. Even with some cloud cover present, moderate to
    strong instability will likely be in place across western NY by late
    afternoon, to the west of a differential heating zone/front.
    Thunderstorms are expected to develop along/ahead of a cold front
    from parts of southeast Lower MI to the lower Great Lakes, with 50+
    kt of deep-layer shear supporting organized updrafts. A mix of
    supercells and multicells will likely pose a threat for both severe
    hail and scattered to numerous damaging winds. Sufficient low-level
    shear should also be present to support a few tornadoes, with some
    chance for a strong tornado this evening if a supercell mode can be
    maintained across western NY and vicinity. Confidence has increased
    in a corridor of greater severe/damaging wind potential late this afternoon/evening across parts of western NY, where an Enhanced Risk
    has been introduced.

    ...Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    High-based thunderstorms have already developed over the higher
    terrain of central ID this morning. Enhanced winds aloft associated
    with a northeastward-ejecting mid-level shortwave trough and steep
    low-level lapse rates will support a risk for scattered
    severe/damaging winds as this activity spreads northeastward across
    MT this afternoon and evening. Occasional 75+ mph gusts may occur,
    even though instability should remain weak. Isolated thunderstorms
    may also develop later this evening/tonight in a low-level warm
    advection regime across eastern MT into western ND, with some hail
    threat.

    ...Eastern Utah into the Central Rockies/High Plains...
    Thunderstorms are expected to increase in coverage this afternoon
    over eastern UT into the higher terrain of northern/western CO and
    southern WY. This activity will spread northeastward into eastern
    WY/western NE where a very deep/well-mixed boundary layer should
    support locally severe gusts.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 3 01:02:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 030101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Wed Sep 02 2026

    Valid 030100Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN TIER OF NEW YORK INTO NORTHERN AND
    CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms posing a risk for potentially damaging wind gusts may
    continue into late evening across parts of the Southern Tier of New
    York into northern and central Pennsylvania.

    ...01Z Update...

    ...Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic...
    To the south of a modest lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone, now
    migrating to the east of James Bay, the leading edge of broad
    mid-level troughing is in the process of gradually shifting
    east-southeast of the lower Great Lakes region. Forcing for ascent
    associated with this feature has contributed to the evolution of an
    organizing cluster of storms now spreading across western New York
    state, ahead of a southward advancing segment of the surface frontal
    zone trailing the cyclone. However, in the wake of an early day
    convective cluster, appreciable warm sector boundary-layer
    instability is becoming confined to a narrowing corridor across the
    Allegheny Plateau. As the ongoing convective system continues east-southeastward, and the onset of boundary-layer cooling
    progresses, more stable southeasterly near-surface updraft inflow
    seems likely to weaken convection and reduce the associated risk for
    severe weather as it spreads toward northern Mid Atlantic coastal
    areas tonight.

    Upstream, convection-allowing guidance suggests that forcing for
    ascent associated with lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection may
    support renewed widely scattered thunderstorm development overnight.
    This is mostly likely to focus near/to the cool side of the
    stalling trailing frontal zone on the southern fringe of the
    westerlies, across southern portions of the Great Lakes into Upper
    Midwest. Aided by modest strengthening of westerly flow in excess
    of 30 kt around 850 mb, and steep lapse rates of
    lower/mid-tropospheric temperature and potential wet-bulb
    temperature, there appears potential for one or two upscale growing
    clusters which may pose a risk for severe hail and wind.

    ...Northern Rockies and adjacent Great Plains...
    The risk for severe weather has diminished considerably in the wake
    of weakening convection now overspreading the Montana international
    border. As the supporting vigorous short wave impulse continues to
    pivot north of the border into the Canadian Prairies this evening,
    this appears unlikely to change. An isolated strong storm to the east-southeast of Miles City MT does appear supported by updraft
    inflow of relatively moist boundary-layer air characterized by
    sizable CAPE in excess of 2000 J/kg. However, it is not clear how
    long this will be maintained, as inhibition increases with
    boundary-layer cooling and perhaps some further warming aloft.

    ..Kerr.. 09/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 3 05:55:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 030555
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030553

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY THROUGH
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES INTO MID ATLANTIC
    AND PARTS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development is likely today through
    tonight, perhaps including a few organizing clusters, posing a risk
    for severe wind and hail across parts of the southern Great Lakes
    into Mid Atlantic and portions of the northern Great Plains into
    Upper Midwest.

    ...Discussion...
    Large-scale mid-level troughing has overspread much of the Pacific
    coast through the Rockies. However, models indicate that further
    eastward progress will slow, as at least one significant embedded
    short wave trough digs offshore and contributes to amplification of
    the larger-scale trough near and offshore of the Pacific coast. As
    this occurs, downstream ridging is forecast to build across the
    northern Great Plains/middle Missouri Valley vicinity by late
    tonight, in the wake of a short wave trough now emerging from the
    Great Basin and forecast to progress north-northeast of the northern
    Rockies through the eastern Canadian Prairies and northwestern
    Ontario. Farther east, it appears that mid-level troughing and an
    embedded remnant low will slowly dig southeast of western
    Quebec/southern Ontario through the northern Atlantic Seaboard.

    A surface cold front accompanying the eastern Canadian perturbation
    is preceded by considerable ongoing thunderstorm activity
    overspreading the northern Mid Atlantic through Lake Erie vicinity.
    It appears that an outflow boundary associated with this convection
    may become quasi-stationary across parts of southeastern
    Pennsylvania/New Jersey, before the initially stalled upstream
    front, across southern portions of the Great Lakes vicinity into
    Upper Midwest, advances southeast of the lower Great Lakes through
    much of the northern Mid Atlantic and upper Ohio Valley by late
    tonight.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into northern Mid Atlantic...
    The initially stalled composite outflow boundary and surface front
    appear likely to provide the focus for renewed thunderstorm
    development later today through tonight. Across the southeastern
    Wisconsin through southern Lower Michigan/northern Indiana and Ohio
    vicinity, it appears that the corridor of stronger destabilization
    along this boundary will remain in relatively close proximity to the
    southern fringe of the westerlies. East-southeastward into the
    northern Mid Atlantic this remains more unclear.

    Regardless, where the seasonably moist boundary layer becomes
    strongly heated, thermodynamic profiles a bit further aloft into
    mid-levels, aided by elevated mixed-layer air, will remain
    characterized by steep lapse rates of temperature and potential
    wet-bulb temperature. This will promote the risk for strong
    downbursts and evolving cold pools capable of producing strong to
    severe wind gusts in developing thunderstorm activity.

    There appears potential for one or two organizing clusters across
    and east-southeast of the southern Great Lakes region this afternoon
    into tonight. It is possible that severe wind probabilities could
    still be increased further, once forcing for convection and the
    potential negative impacts of early day convection become clearer.

    ...Northern Great Plains into Upper Midwest...
    Forcing for ascent, near and downstream of the short wave emerging
    from the Great Basin, appears likely to overspread northern/eastern
    North Dakota into northwestern Minnesota during peak boundary-layer
    instability this afternoon and evening. Latest convection-allowing
    guidance suggests that this will provide support for intensifying
    thunderstorm development, which may include a few supercells in the
    leading warm advection regime, ahead of a possible upscale growing
    cluster near the crest of the building larger-scale mid-level
    ridging. Aided by pronounced veering of lower through mid-level
    wind fields, deep-layer shear appears conducive to the risk for
    large hail, in the presence of thermodynamic profiles with steep
    mid-level lapse rates and large CAPE in mid/upper levels. A few
    strong downbursts also appear possible.

    ..Kerr/Wendt.. 09/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 3 12:14:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031213
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031212

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0712 AM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026

    Valid 031300Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY THROUGH
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES INTO MID ATLANTIC
    AND PARTS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development is likely today through
    tonight, perhaps including a few organizing clusters, posing a risk
    for severe wind and hail across parts of the southern Great Lakes
    into Mid Atlantic and portions of the northern Great Plains into
    Upper Midwest.

    ...PA to Delmarva...
    A broad upper ridge remains over the TN Valley, with fast zonal flow
    stretching across the Great Lakes into the Mid-Atlantic region.
    Multiple clusters of thunderstorms are ongoing this morning over
    western PA and northern MD. These storms will progress
    southeastward today across an air mass affected by storms last
    evening, where there is uncertainty how much destabilization can
    occur. Damaging winds will be possible in those areas where
    sufficient heating can occur, especially by early afternoon.

    ...WI to PA...
    A common scenario in recent CAM solutions is that a mid-level speed
    max associated with convection over MN/IA will track across WI and
    into Lower MI by mid/late afternoon. Morning convection will result
    in an outflow boundary from southeast WI into southern Lower MI,
    likely providing the focus for rapid afternoon thunderstorm
    development. Ample low-level moisture/CAPE and favorable westerly
    flow aloft suggest an initial risk of supercells, but increasing
    linear organization with time. Storms will track into northern
    IN/OH by late afternoon, and eventually into western NY/PA this
    evening. Damaging wind gusts are the primary concern with this
    activity.

    ...ND/MN...
    Morning water vapor imagery suggests a strong shortwave trough
    lifting northeastward across WY. This feature will move into the
    Dakotas today, aiding the development of intense thunderstorms over
    eastern ND by mid-afternoon. Initial supercells will be capable of
    large hail and a tornado or two. Activity will likely persist
    through much of the evening, tracking eastward across parts of
    northern/central MN and perhaps into northern WI. Damaging winds
    and hail would be the main concerns during that period.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 09/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 3 16:42:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031642
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031640

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1140 AM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026

    Valid 031630Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN
    OHIO AND WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES TO MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are expected through tonight,
    including a few organizing clusters, posing a risk for severe wind
    and hail across parts of the southern Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic
    and portions of the northern Great Plains to the Upper Midwest.

    ...Lake Michigan/upper Ohio River Valley/Northeast...
    Several clusters of storms are ongoing at midday across the Lake
    Michigan vicinity and lower Michigan, including a smaller lead
    cluster entering Ontario, while other convection farther
    east-southeast has weakened/diminished across southern
    Pennsylvania/Maryland. Regarding the easternmost activity, steady
    air mass recovery/diminishing cloud cover appears likely, with ample
    insolation across the Northeast along/south of the primary synoptic
    front including much of Pennsylvania.

    Available regional 12z observed soundings/RAOBs sampled a belt of
    moderately strong northwesterly flow aloft that overlies the primary
    frontal zone, with moderate to locally strong destabilization
    expected outside of the ongoing convection. Some initial supercells
    are possible, but more prevalent will be the possibility of
    upscale-growing linear bands/clusters, potentially with multiple
    rounds of strong/severe convection this afternoon into tonight with
    wind damage. This currently appears most probable across northern
    Ohio into Pennsylvania.

    ...Upper Midwest - eastern North Dakota/northern Minnesota...
    A slow-moving linear cluster of occasionally severe storms may
    persist and gradually accelerate east and maybe eventually
    east-southeastward today, potentially becoming more surface based by
    later in the afternoon as it parallels the immediate north side of a
    surface frontal zone. This development is being influenced by a northeastward-transitioning shortwave trough along the international
    border, with a belt of strong mid/high-level winds extending
    eastward across the northern half of Minnesota toward the Lake
    Superior vicinity.

    A mixed convective mode seems probable, with a prominent
    quasi-linear mode but also the possibility of south-end
    semi-discrete development including supercells. Large hail and
    damaging winds are the primary hazards, but some tornado risk may
    exist as well. One or more clusters may persist east-southeastward
    across the region this evening.

    ..Guyer/Moore.. 09/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 3 19:57:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031957
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026

    Valid 032000Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN
    OHIO AND WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES TO MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are expected through tonight,
    including a few organizing clusters, posing a risk for severe wind
    and hail across parts of the southern Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic
    and portions of the northern Great Plains to the Upper Midwest.

    ...20Z Update...

    Minor adjustments have been made to the outlook to account for
    recent convective trends and the latest high-resolution forecast
    guidance. Portions of the Slight Risk in North Dakota have been
    trimmed behind the ongoing convective complex that has since moved
    into northern Minnesota, given the trailing airmass has stabilized
    and is less likely to see additional convective development.
    Additionally, the Marginal Risk was expanded northward from
    Wisconsin into portions of Upper Michigan to account for recent
    guidance trending northward with the overnight convective complex
    and its associated damaging-wind threat. Otherwise, the previous
    forecast remains unchanged and on-track for this evening.

    ..Halbert/Weinman.. 09/03/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1140 AM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026/

    ...Lake Michigan/upper Ohio River Valley/Northeast...
    Several clusters of storms are ongoing at midday across the Lake
    Michigan vicinity and lower Michigan, including a smaller lead
    cluster entering Ontario, while other convection farther
    east-southeast has weakened/diminished across southern
    Pennsylvania/Maryland. Regarding the easternmost activity, steady
    air mass recovery/diminishing cloud cover appears likely, with ample
    insolation across the Northeast along/south of the primary synoptic
    front including much of Pennsylvania.

    Available regional 12z observed soundings/RAOBs sampled a belt of
    moderately strong northwesterly flow aloft that overlies the primary
    frontal zone, with moderate to locally strong destabilization
    expected outside of the ongoing convection. Some initial supercells
    are possible, but more prevalent will be the possibility of
    upscale-growing linear bands/clusters, potentially with multiple
    rounds of strong/severe convection this afternoon into tonight with
    wind damage. This currently appears most probable across northern
    Ohio into Pennsylvania.

    ...Upper Midwest - eastern North Dakota/northern Minnesota...
    A slow-moving linear cluster of occasionally severe storms may
    persist and gradually accelerate east and maybe eventually
    east-southeastward today, potentially becoming more surface based by
    later in the afternoon as it parallels the immediate north side of a
    surface frontal zone. This development is being influenced by a northeastward-transitioning shortwave trough along the international
    border, with a belt of strong mid/high-level winds extending
    eastward across the northern half of Minnesota toward the Lake
    Superior vicinity.

    A mixed convective mode seems probable, with a prominent
    quasi-linear mode but also the possibility of south-end
    semi-discrete development including supercells. Large hail and
    damaging winds are the primary hazards, but some tornado risk may
    exist as well. One or more clusters may persist east-southeastward
    across the region this evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 4 01:02:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 040101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Thu Sep 03 2026

    Valid 040100Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PART OF THE MID ATLANTIC INTO MIDDLE OHIO VALLEY...AND ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development, posing mainly a risk for
    severe wind and hail, remains possible into the overnight hours
    across parts of the Mid Atlantic and Upper Midwest into the Great
    Lakes.

    ...01Z Update...

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    A convectively generated or augmented mid-level perturbation
    continues to migrate east-southeastward across the upper Ohio
    Valley, toward the northern Mid Atlantic, along the southern fringe
    of broadly cyclonic flow overspreading the Northeast. This
    continues to provide support for a clustering of stronger convective development currently in a corridor across east central Ohio into
    south central Pennsylvania. Although this activity appears to have
    waned some in intensity from earlier, updraft inflow emanating from
    a more moist environment, along and south of a diffuse remnant
    outflow boundary across the central Maryland through Delmarva
    Peninsula vicinity, might reinvigorate activity later this evening
    into the overnight hours.

    ...Upper Midwest into Great Lakes region...
    Convective evolution into and through the overnight hours remains a
    bit unclear. An initial cluster of convection, supported by a short
    wave impulse now progressing toward the Minnesota/Ontario border
    vicinity and Lake Superior, is undergoing substantial weakening as
    inflow becomes more stable to the cool side of a quasi-stationary
    frontal zone, which roughly extends from the Red River Valley
    through southern Great Lakes region.

    Upstream, near the crest of building mid/upper ridging,
    lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection is supporting scattered
    renewed thunderstorm development across northwestern and west
    central Minnesota. Closer to the frontal zone, where the inflow
    environment is characterized by moderate to strong instability,
    there still appears potential for the evolution of a small
    organizing cluster across the Brainerd MN vicinity through mid to
    late evening. As this progresses eastward, it is not clear that
    this will be maintained overnight. A strengthening southwesterly
    low-level jet may focus additional upscale growing thunderstorm
    development downstream, across parts of northeastern Wisconsin into
    Lower Michigan, but, elevated to the cool side of the frontal zone,
    it is not clear that the environment will support more than very
    limited potential for severe hail and wind.

    ..Kerr.. 09/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 4 05:39:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 040539
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040537

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY THROUGH
    TONIGHT IN A CORRIDOR ACROSS THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES AND
    MIDDLE/UPPER OHIO VALLEY INTO MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of organized clusters of thunderstorms may develop across
    the southern Great Lakes and mid/upper Ohio Valley today through
    tonight, accompanied by the risk for damaging wind gusts. More
    widely scattered strong thunderstorms east of the Blue Ridge may
    also pose potential for damaging wind gusts this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Mid/upper flow is forecast to undergo further amplification today
    though tonight across southern Canada and the U.S., downstream of
    positively tilted large-scale troughing which continues to evolve
    offshore of the Pacific coast through Intermountain West. It
    appears that this will include building ridging across and north of
    the international border, from the Rockies through upper Great
    Lakes, to the north of a high centered over the central Great
    Plains. Downstream, large-scale troughing is forecast to continue
    slowly digging across the northern and middle Atlantic Seaboard. As
    it does, it likely will suppress a prominent high initially centered
    near the southern Appalachians.

    Accompanying the eastern trough, reinforcing surges of cooler
    low-level air will continue to overspread portions of the Great
    Lakes and Northeast today through tonight. It appears that this
    will contribute to a slow south and southwestward progression of the
    primary surface front across the Mid Atlantic and through the upper
    into middle Ohio Valley.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic...
    A moist boundary layer, and remnant plume of relatively steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, particularly across the Upper
    Midwest and southern Great Lakes vicinity into the western slopes of
    the Appalachians, may continue to support moderate to strong
    potential instability along the quasi-stationary to slow moving
    frontal zone. Latest convection allowing guidance suggests that
    this front may already be providing a focus for organizing
    thunderstorm development across southern Lower Michigan by the
    beginning of the period, beneath the favorably sheared southwestern
    periphery of the stronger westerlies. As the boundary-layer
    destabilizes ahead of it with insolation, it appears that this
    activity may intensify further, accompanied by increasing potential
    to produce strong to severe wind gusts while propagating
    southeastward across parts of northern/eastern Ohio into the
    Allegheny Plateau by this afternoon.

    It remains unclear whether forcing for ascent and destabilization to
    the immediate lee of the Allegheny Mountains and Blue Ridge will
    maintain this cluster. However, convection allowing guidance
    suggests that the initiation of at least scattered vigorous diurnal thunderstorm activity is probable downstream, closer to and across
    the coastal plain, where the environment is likely to be supportive
    of a few downbursts with strong to severe surface gusts late this
    afternoon into evening.

    Late this evening into the overnight hours, downstream of another
    short wave perturbation digging to the east of the amplifying
    mid-level ridging, there is a notable signal within
    convection-allowing and related guidance that forcing for ascent may
    support another evolving cluster of storms. This may track close
    to, but probably at least a bit to the southwest of, the early day
    cluster, from the southern Lower Michigan through Ohio and West
    Virginia vicinity.

    ..Kerr/Chalmers.. 09/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 4 12:57:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 041257
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041255

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0755 AM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026

    Valid 041300Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    GREAT LAKES INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of organized clusters of thunderstorms may develop across
    the southern Great Lakes and mid/upper Ohio Valley today through
    tonight, accompanied by the risk for damaging wind gusts. More
    widely scattered strong thunderstorms east of the Blue Ridge may
    also pose potential for damaging wind gusts this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic...
    Early-morning satellite imagery shows a deep cyclone over the
    Pacific Northwest and upper ridging covering the majority of the
    CONUS east of the Rockies. A belt of enhanced mid-level flow
    persists between these two features, arcing anticyclonically from
    southern CA through the central Rockies and northern Plains into the
    Upper Midwest/Upper Great Lakes and eventually through the
    Northeast. Recent surface analysis shows a reservoir of low-level
    moisture beneath the upper ridging, to the south and east of this
    belt of stronger mid-level flow. Much of this area is void of
    notable surface features, but a weak front does extend from southern
    New England through southern NY, central Lower MI, and central WI to
    a weak low over southern MN. A large cluster of showers and
    thunderstorms to the south of this front from southern WI into
    southern Lower MI. This cluster, which was initiated by warm-air
    advection across MN and WI is forecast to continue southeastward
    today, likely encountering a diurnally destabilized airmass.

    The steeper mid-level lapse rates will remain displaced west of this
    region, but ample low-level moisture (i.e. upper 60s/low 70s
    dewpoints) coupled with afternoon temperatures from the mid 80s to
    mid 90s will still support moderate to strong buoyancy. As such, reintensification and/or new development is anticipated as the
    ongoing cluster continues southeastward. Much of this region will be
    on the southern fringe of the stronger deep-layer shear, with bowing
    line segments as the predominant storm mode. The best overlap
    between buoyancy and shear is expected across central and eastern
    OH, where a corridor of greater potential for damaging gusts exists.


    The threat for damaging gusts will extend into the Mid-Atlantic this
    afternoon and evening amid a very warm and moist airmass. Vertical
    shear will be weak, but ample moisture (i.e. PW values from 1.8" to
    2"), strong buoyancy, and steep low-level lapse rates will support
    the potential for strong outflow capable of wind damage. Bowing line
    segments will be the primary storm mode here as well.

    ...Central Plains...
    Weak lee troughing could contribute to modest low-level convergence
    from western KS across western/central NE into southwest SD.
    Dewpoints will likely be in the low to mid 60s within this
    convergence zone, and steep mid-level lapse rates will contribute to moderate/strong buoyancy. Even so, warm mid-levels may prevent the
    airmass from completely destabilizing. The remaining convective
    inhibition, coupled with the presence of large-scale height rises
    across the region, casts doubt to whether successful convective
    initiation will occur. Any mature updrafts could result in strong
    downdraft, but uncertainty is too high to introduce any
    probabilities with this outlook.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 4 16:48:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 041648
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041646

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1146 AM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026

    Valid 041630Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    GREAT LAKES INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of organized thunderstorm clusters are expected to develop
    across the southern Great Lakes and mid/upper Ohio Valley today
    through tonight, accompanied by the risk for damaging wind gusts.
    More widely scattered strong thunderstorms east of the Blue Ridge
    may also produce damaging wind gusts this afternoon and evening.

    ...Midwest/southern Great Lakes to Mid-Atlantic States...
    As large-scale pattern amplification occurs, a belt of moderately
    strong northwesterly flow aloft will tend to overlie a frontal zone
    that extends from southern portions of Minnesota/Wisconsin
    east-southeastward to Pennsylvania/New Jersey. That said, ongoing
    convection has effectively modified/southward-shunted the effective
    front in several areas, and this will be the primary focus for storm intensification/redevelopment this afternoon, as well into the
    evening/late night.

    The steeper mid-level lapse rates will remain displaced west of the
    region, but ample low-level moisture (i.e. upper 60s/low 70s
    dewpoints) coupled with afternoon temperatures from the mid 80s to
    mid 90s will still support moderate to strong buoyancy near/south of
    the effective boundary. General storm re-intensification and/or new
    development is anticipated this afternoon, particularly south/ahead
    of currently ongoing clusters. Bowing line segments will be the
    predominant storm mode, with damaging winds as the most common
    hazard.

    The threat for damaging wind gusts will extend southeastward into
    the Mid-Atlantic this afternoon and evening amid a very warm and
    moist airmass. Vertical shear will be weaker with southward extent,
    but ample moisture (i.e. PW values from 1.8" to 2"), strong
    buoyancy, and steep low-level lapse rates will support the potential
    for strong outflow capable of wind damage. Bowing line
    segments will be the primary storm mode here as well.

    ...Southern Wisconsin/southern Lake Michigan vicinity...
    The same general meteorological thematic scenario as described in
    the prior section applies to this region, and severe probabilities
    have been extended westward regionally, albeit for a somewhat conditional/uncertain scenario. A robust reservoir of
    moisture/locally extreme buoyancy will exist particularly to the
    south of ongoing midday convection. The region will be influenced by
    the amplifying upper ridge, but there is at least some possibility
    that storm redevelopment/intensification could occur near/east of
    the surface triple point and/or near outflow, with some related
    severe potential. Development could also occur toward the southern
    Lake Michigan vicinity later tonight as isentropic ascent increases near/northeast of the surface boundary.

    ...North-central Plains/Dakotas...
    While perceived severe probabilities remain below 5%, some
    strong/sporadic severe potential may exist also South Dakota, far
    northern Nebraska and/or southeast North Dakota later today through
    late tonight, although confidence in specific meteorological
    scenarios remains low.

    Weak lee troughing will contribute to modest low-level convergence
    from western Kansas across western/central Nebraska into southwest
    South Dakota. Dewpoints will likely be in the low to mid 60s F
    within this convergence zone, and steep mid-level lapse rates will
    contribute to moderate/strong buoyancy. Even so, warm mid-levels may
    prevent the airmass from completely destabilizing. The remaining
    convective inhibition, coupled with the presence of large-scale
    height rises across the region, casts doubt to whether successful
    convective initiation will occur. Any mature updrafts could result
    in strong downdraft, but uncertainty remains high. Other storm
    development could occur tonight, potentially as a byproduct of a
    subtle mid-level wave/ongoing convection ongoing across South Dakota
    this morning.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 09/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 4 20:05:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 042005
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 042003

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0303 PM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026

    Valid 042000Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    GREAT LAKES INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of organized thunderstorm clusters are expected to develop
    across the southern Great Lakes and mid/upper Ohio Valley through
    tonight, accompanied by the risk for damaging wind gusts. More
    widely scattered strong thunderstorms east of the Blue Ridge may
    also produce damaging wind gusts this evening.

    ...20Z Update...

    The northern portion of the Marginal Risk was expanded westward into
    portions of northeastern Iowa to account for recent convective
    development associated with a mid-level perturbation visible on
    water vapor satellite imagery. An unstable airmass and modest
    deep-layer shear will support loosely organized convection, capable
    of producing isolated occurrences of 60 MPH winds and 1-inch hail.

    Elsewhere, the western portion of the Slight Risk area was expanded
    across Illinois, Indiana, and portions of Ohio, where thunderstorms
    have developed along a surface boundary and may pose an increased
    threat for 55-70 MPH wind gusts and 1-inch hail. See MCDs #2234 and
    #2235 for more detail.

    Further downstream across North Carolina, the severe wind
    probabilities were extended southward to account for recent
    convective trends. A corridor of higher wind probabilities was
    considered across portions of Virginia, but uncertainty in the
    longevity of the convection moving across the Appalachians and
    overall convective organization precluded adding additional
    highlights at this time.

    The 30% wind threat area is expected to see convective development
    later this evening, as storms move from the Great Lakes into the
    region. There is some uncertainty in the northward extent of the
    area owing to the drop off in buoyancy, but continued spread in the high-resolution forecast guidance regarding the timing and placement
    of convection precludes additional adjustments at this time.

    Convection is also anticipated to develop across portions of
    north-central Nebraska into South Dakota during the early morning
    hours. These storms could produce isolated occurrences of hail,
    though uncertainty in the timing of convective initiation and
    maturation suggests this will primarily pose a threat in the Day 2
    time frame.

    ..Halbert/Weinman.. 09/04/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1146 AM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026/

    ...Midwest/southern Great Lakes to Mid-Atlantic States...
    As large-scale pattern amplification occurs, a belt of moderately
    strong northwesterly flow aloft will tend to overlie a frontal zone
    that extends from southern portions of Minnesota/Wisconsin
    east-southeastward to Pennsylvania/New Jersey. That said, ongoing
    convection has effectively modified/southward-shunted the effective
    front in several areas, and this will be the primary focus for storm intensification/redevelopment this afternoon, as well into the
    evening/late night.

    The steeper mid-level lapse rates will remain displaced west of the
    region, but ample low-level moisture (i.e. upper 60s/low 70s
    dewpoints) coupled with afternoon temperatures from the mid 80s to
    mid 90s will still support moderate to strong buoyancy near/south of
    the effective boundary. General storm re-intensification and/or new
    development is anticipated this afternoon, particularly south/ahead
    of currently ongoing clusters. Bowing line segments will be the
    predominant storm mode, with damaging winds as the most common
    hazard.

    The threat for damaging wind gusts will extend southeastward into
    the Mid-Atlantic this afternoon and evening amid a very warm and
    moist airmass. Vertical shear will be weaker with southward extent,
    but ample moisture (i.e. PW values from 1.8" to 2"), strong
    buoyancy, and steep low-level lapse rates will support the potential
    for strong outflow capable of wind damage. Bowing line
    segments will be the primary storm mode here as well.

    ...Southern Wisconsin/southern Lake Michigan vicinity...
    The same general meteorological thematic scenario as described in
    the prior section applies to this region, and severe probabilities
    have been extended westward regionally, albeit for a somewhat conditional/uncertain scenario. A robust reservoir of
    moisture/locally extreme buoyancy will exist particularly to the
    south of ongoing midday convection. The region will be influenced by
    the amplifying upper ridge, but there is at least some possibility
    that storm redevelopment/intensification could occur near/east of
    the surface triple point and/or near outflow, with some related
    severe potential. Development could also occur toward the southern
    Lake Michigan vicinity later tonight as isentropic ascent increases near/northeast of the surface boundary.

    ...North-central Plains/Dakotas...
    While perceived severe probabilities remain below 5%, some
    strong/sporadic severe potential may exist also South Dakota, far
    northern Nebraska and/or southeast North Dakota later today through
    late tonight, although confidence in specific meteorological
    scenarios remains low.

    Weak lee troughing will contribute to modest low-level convergence
    from western Kansas across western/central Nebraska into southwest
    South Dakota. Dewpoints will likely be in the low to mid 60s F
    within this convergence zone, and steep mid-level lapse rates will
    contribute to moderate/strong buoyancy. Even so, warm mid-levels may
    prevent the airmass from completely destabilizing. The remaining
    convective inhibition, coupled with the presence of large-scale
    height rises across the region, casts doubt to whether successful
    convective initiation will occur. Any mature updrafts could result
    in strong downdraft, but uncertainty remains high. Other storm
    development could occur tonight, potentially as a byproduct of a
    subtle mid-level wave/ongoing convection ongoing across South Dakota
    this morning.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 5 00:55:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 050055
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050053

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0753 PM CDT Fri Sep 04 2026

    Valid 050100Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES INTO THE MID AND UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of scattered occurrences of damaging wind with
    gusts up to 70 mph are expected across the southern Great Lakes and
    mid/upper Ohio Valley overnight. More isolated severe storms capable
    of large hail and severe wind gusts may occur over portions of the
    northern Plains. Strong to severe storms with a risk for damaging
    wind gusts may persist for another couple of hours in the southern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley...

    Forcing for ascent attendant to a weak mid-level disturbance
    cresting the mid-level ridge is contributing to a couple of areas of thunderstorm activity this evening over portions of eastern IA and
    central WI. The 00Z DVN sounding is likely representative of the
    inflow air mass for these storms, featuring a moist boundary layer
    and relatively steep mid-level lapse rates with MLCAPE of around
    4000 J/kg. It remains unclear whether a subset of the current storms
    will grow upscale into a cold-pool-driven MCS overnight, or whether
    additional storms will develop farther to the east across portions
    of southern Lake MI and southwest Lower MI in the next few hours.
    Either way, there is a consistent model signal for a bowing
    convective system to evolve across portions of northeast IN into OH,
    along the cool side of a composite surface boundary extending from
    central WI through central IN into eastern KY.

    Regional VWPs and 00Z soundings indicate the presence of 30-35 kt
    northwest winds in the mid levels along the axis of the prospective
    MCS track, which will contribute to sufficient deep-layer shear for
    cold-pool organization. As such, a corridor of more concentrated
    wind damage appears possible along with severe gusts up to 70 mph.


    ...Northern Plains...

    A cluster of mainly elevated thunderstorms is ongoing this evening
    over north-central SD, with that activity likely rooted above a warm
    capping inversion observed by the 00Z ABR sounding. Additional
    storms are expected to develop overnight along a nocturnally
    strengthening low-level jet, where warm advection and moisture
    transport will be maximized. Mid-level flow and resultant vertical
    shear are forecast to weaken overnight owing to the proximity of the
    mid-level ridge. However, the presence of steep mid-level lapse
    rates and associated moderate to strong instability suggests the
    potential for isolated severe storms capable of large hail and
    severe wind gusts. As such, 5% wind and hail probabilities have been
    included in this forecast update.


    ...Southern Mid-Atlantic...

    Clusters of strong to severe thunderstorms ongoing over portions of
    southeast VA into north-central and northeast NC will remain capable
    of mainly damaging wind gusts for the next hour or two. Thereafter,
    storms are expected to gradually weaken as the boundary layer
    stabilizes.

    ..Mead.. 09/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 5 05:24:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 050524
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050522

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 AM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of mainly damaging gusts are possible
    across portions of the Ohio Valley into southern Mid-Atlantic and
    Carolinas on Saturday afternoon and evening. Isolated occurrences of
    large hail and severe wind gusts also appear possible over parts of
    the northern and central Plains Saturday into Saturday night.

    ...Synopsis...

    A prominent mid-level ridge will persist over the central CONUS
    between upper lows over the Pacific Northwest and the Gulf of St.
    Lawrence into NB/NS. Several weak disturbances (some of convective
    origin) will progress through the periphery of the ridge, serving as
    foci for thunderstorm development. At the surface, an area of low
    pressure is forecast over the western Dakotas with an associated
    boundary --the location of which may be modified by convective
    outflow-- extending into the OH Valley and southern Mid-Atlantic.
    The eastern extension of the boundary will begin to push south as a
    cold front Saturday afternoon into night as high pressure builds
    into the Great Lakes.


    ...Ohio Valley into the Carolinas...

    A mature to decaying MCS is expected to be ongoing 12Z Saturday over
    portions of the middle to upper OH Valley, aided by a subtle
    mid-level disturbance/possible MCV. There is considerable
    variability across the 00Z convection-allowing models in the
    longevity and extent of the convective system over the central
    Appalachians into southern Mid-Atlantic through the remainder of the
    morning. Should the MCS remain intact, isolated occurrences of
    damaging wind are possible.

    Renewed thunderstorm development is likely by afternoon along the
    residual MCS cold pool and/or synoptic front as temperatures in the
    90s to around 100 combine with boundary-layer dewpoints in the low
    to mid 70s to yield MLCAPE up to 2000-3000+ J/kg with steepening
    low-level lapse rates. Additionally, the models indicate some
    enhancement of mid-level winds in association with the
    disturbance/MCV moving through the southern Mid-Atlantic during the
    afternoon, which may yield more organized multicells and line
    segments with the predominant hazard being damaging wind gusts into
    the evening.

    Farther to the west, additional strong to severe storms appear
    possible along and ahead of the composite boundary from the vicinity
    of the OH River south into the Cumberland Plateau where widely
    scattered damaging wind gusts also appear possible.


    ...Northern and Central Plains...

    A band of elevated thunderstorms is expected to be ongoing 12Z
    Saturday, centered over eastern SD. That activity is expected to
    diminish through the morning with the cessation of the nocturnal
    low-level jet; however, isolated occurrences of large hail and
    severe wind gusts appear possible prior to dissipation. In the wake
    of the early-day storms, the presence of steep low/mid-level lapse
    rates and richer boundary-layer moisture with eastward extent will
    contribute to a moderately to strongly unstable air mass by
    afternoon with MLCAPE of 2000-3500+ J/kg.

    Nebulous forcing for ascent and capping relating to the proximity of
    the mid-level ridge axis lead to uncertainty in the specific details
    regarding the location and extent of surface-based thunderstorm
    development during the afternoon into evening. However, the presence
    of the surface low, outflow-modified surface front, and a lee trough
    over the High Plains will be candidates for storm development. The
    strongest deep-layer shear (30-40 kt) is forecast to the north of
    the surface low and composite boundary over ND and northern SD into
    western MN where a conditional risk of supercells capable of large
    hail and severe wind gusts exists. Elsewhere, high-based pulse and
    multicell storm modes appear possible with the primary hazard being widely-spaced severe wind gusts.

    The isolated severe threat may persist into the overnight hours in
    the vicinity of a nocturnally strengthening low-level jet.


    ...Western Montana...

    A belt of enhanced mid/upper-level flow will exist across the
    region, to the east of the upper low over the Pacific Northwest.
    Heating along the high terrain coupled with the possible influence
    of a weak mid-level disturbance is expected to support an increase
    in high-based showers and a few thunderstorms during the afternoon
    and evening. While lapse rates will be steep with strong deep-layer
    shear, the absence of appreciable moisture will limit MLCAPE to
    generally less than 250 J/kg. As such the potential for severe wind
    gusts is currently too low to warrant 5% wind probabilities.

    ..Mead/Chalmers.. 09/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 5 12:56:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 051256
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051254

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 AM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026

    Valid 051300Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of mainly damaging gusts are possible
    across portions of the Ohio Valley into southern Mid-Atlantic and
    Carolinas this afternoon and evening. Isolated occurrences of large
    hail and severe wind gusts also appear possible over parts of the
    northern and central Plains today into tonight.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Carolinas...
    An MCS continues to progress southeastward towards the central
    Appalachians this morning. The outflow has surged well ahead of the
    deep convection along the western edge of this MCS, but remains much
    closer to the two primary cores of deep convection along the central
    and eastern portions of the MCS. General expectation is for this MCS
    to continue southeastward across the central Appalachians and into
    the Mid-Atlantic, while the westward-progressing outflow stalls and
    loses definition.

    Currently, the airmass downstream across the Mid-Atlantic is
    characterized by dewpoints ranging from the upper 60s across
    northern VA into the mid 70s across southeast NC/eastern SC. Strong
    heating is anticipated across much of this region today, with high
    temperatures ranging from the low 90s over northern to the upper
    90s/low 100s across central/eastern SC. These warm and moist surface
    conditions will support moderate to strong afternoon buoyancy,
    despite poor mid-level lapse rates. Reintensification and/or renewed thunderstorm development is expected as the MCS (and associated
    vorticity maximum) interacts with this destabilized airmass. This
    region will be along the southerly periphery of a belt of mid-level northwesterlies, and the resulting vertical shear could help
    maintain a favorable cold pool/updraft balance needed to maintenance
    of a progressive convective line. Guidance varies on whether one
    coherent convective line or a series of smaller bowing segments will
    develop, but either case would yield a threat for damaging gusts.
    Highest probability for damaging gusts is expected across eastern NC
    where the best overlap between buoyancy and vertical is expected.

    Additional afternoon development is expected farther west, from the
    middle OH Valley through Middle TN, where residual outflow will
    likely be present with a destabilized airmass. Weak shear should
    limit storm organization but isolated damaging gusts are possible.

    ...Northern and Central Plains...
    Elevated thunderstorms have persisted throughout much of the night
    from northeast NE across eastern SD. A second area of thunderstorm
    activity exists farther norther across north-central ND. An isolated
    instance of hail is possible over both of these regions for the next
    few hours before thunderstorm intensity wanes in response to the
    cessation of the nocturnal low-level jet.

    Despite rising heights throughout the day, most guidance suggests
    that low-level convergence along both the lee trough and
    outflow-modified front in NE will be sufficient for convective
    initiation this afternoon. Limited vertical shear and a deeply mixed
    boundary layer suggest an outflow-dominant storm mode with the
    primary hazard being widely-spaced severe wind gusts.

    Relatively higher thunderstorm coverage is possible across the
    central High Plains this evening as warm-air advection supports
    additional thunderstorm activity. Some clustering of this activity
    is possible, but vertical shear will be weak and overall storm
    intensity and organization should be modest.

    ...Western Montana...
    A belt of enhanced mid/upper-level flow will extend across the
    region, to the east of an upper low over the Pacific Northwest.
    Increasing mid-level moisture and forcing for ascent associated with
    a weak mid-level disturbance is expected to support an increase in
    high-based showers and a few thunderstorms during the afternoon and
    evening. Lapse rates will be steep with strong deep-layer shear, but
    the absence of appreciable moisture will limit MLCAPE to generally
    less than 250 J/kg. As such the potential for severe wind gusts is
    currently too low to warrant 5% wind probabilities.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 5 17:00:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 051624
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051622

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026

    Valid 051630Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS INTO SOUTHERN VIRGINIA AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms capable of producing scattered
    damaging winds should occur this afternoon/evening across parts of
    the central Appalachians into southern Virginia and the Carolinas.
    Isolated large hail and severe winds may also occur over parts of
    the northern/central Plains through tonight.

    ...Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic and
    Carolinas...
    An earlier MCS across the OH Valley has weakened as it crossed/moved
    eastward over the central Appalachians. The strongest remaining
    convective segment is ongoing late this morning across parts of
    southwest VA/northeast TN. Robust destabilization is expected to
    continue this afternoon downstream of this activity across southern
    VA into the Carolinas, with MLCAPE peaking around 2500-3500 J/kg
    over central/eastern NC. This region will be on the southern
    periphery of modestly enhanced mid-level west-northwesterly flow,
    and sufficient deep-layer shear will be present to maintain some
    convective organization.

    Current expectations are for one or more thunderstorm clusters to
    gradually increase in intensity this afternoon as they spread
    eastward across southern VA and central/eastern NC, with some
    uncertainty whether the ongoing convection will restrengthen, or if
    new development will occur along its outflow. Regardless, latest
    guidance and observational trends still suggest that a relatively
    greater threat for damaging winds should exist this afternoon across central/eastern NC and vicinity, where the greatest thunderstorm
    coverage, maxima in MLCAPE/DCAPE, and steepened low-level lapse
    rates are forecast. Have therefore introduced higher severe wind
    probabilities (30% area) across this region. Isolated hail may also
    occur with the strongest cores that can develop, although mid-level
    lapse rates are expected to remain rather poor. Severe potential
    should gradually wane this evening with the loss of daytime heating,
    and as convection moves offshore.

    Farther west, outflow from the morning thunderstorms may serve as a
    focus for renewed thunderstorm development this afternoon from parts
    of the OH Valley southeastward into the TN Valley. This region will
    be displaced from the stronger flow aloft present over the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast, with weak deep-layer shear expected. Still,
    some risk for isolated damaging winds may exist with any loosely
    organized cells/clusters that can develop given the presence of
    moderate to locally strong instability.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    A highly amplified mid/upper-level ridge will remain anchored over
    the central CONUS into south-central Canada through the period, with
    generally neutral to weakly rising mid-level heights expected over
    the northern/central Plains. Ongoing elevated cells across northern
    ND may continue to pose an isolated severe hail threat in the short
    term, but weakening low-level warm advection should tend to result
    in a further decrease in intensity with this activity. Otherwise,
    additional isolated to perhaps widely scattered high-based
    thunderstorms may develop this afternoon along/east of a surface lee
    trough over the northern/central Plains. While mid-level flow and
    related effective bulk shear should remain weak, occasional severe
    gusts may still occur with convective downdrafts given a well-mixed
    boundary layer. Some risk for hail and gusty winds may also exist
    with elevated convection that should eventually develop tonight into
    early Sunday morning in a renewed/modest low-level warm advection
    regime.

    ...Western Montana...
    To the east of a closed mid-level low over WA/OR, a belt of enhanced southwesterly mid/upper-level winds will extend across the northern
    Rockies. Gradually increasing moisture and large-scale ascent aloft
    associated with a weak/embedded shortwave trough are expected to
    support an increase in isolated thunderstorms this
    afternoon/evening. Lapse rates through low/mid levels will be steep
    with strong deep-layer shear present, but modest low-level moisture
    should limit MLCAPE to generally less than 500 J/kg. The potential
    for severe wind gusts still appears too low to justify including 5%
    wind probabilities at this time.

    ..Gleason/Thornton.. 09/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 5 20:05:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 052002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 052000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026

    Valid 052000Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CAROLINAS INTO SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat of strong to severe thunderstorms capable of producing
    scattered damaging winds will continue this afternoon/evening across
    parts of the Carolinas and southern Virginia. Isolated large hail
    and severe winds may also occur over parts of the northern/central
    Plains through tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    Only minor changes were made with this update. The SLGT Risk was
    trimmed behind an east-southeastward moving band of convection
    moving across the Carolinas. While isolated redevelopment cannot be
    entirely ruled out in the wake of this activity, the primary severe
    risk will continue spreading eastward to the coast into this
    evening.

    Farther west, 5-percent hail probabilities were added in parts of
    the lower OH Valley. Here, relatively steep deep-layer lapse rates,
    around 30 kt of effective shear, and a cellular mode may support
    isolated instances of marginally severe hail.

    Elsewhere, the previous forecast remains on track.

    ..Weinman.. 09/05/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1122 AM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026/

    ...Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic and
    Carolinas...
    An earlier MCS across the OH Valley has weakened as it crossed/moved
    eastward over the central Appalachians. The strongest remaining
    convective segment is ongoing late this morning across parts of
    southwest VA/northeast TN. Robust destabilization is expected to
    continue this afternoon downstream of this activity across southern
    VA into the Carolinas, with MLCAPE peaking around 2500-3500 J/kg
    over central/eastern NC. This region will be on the southern
    periphery of modestly enhanced mid-level west-northwesterly flow,
    and sufficient deep-layer shear will be present to maintain some
    convective organization.

    Current expectations are for one or more thunderstorm clusters to
    gradually increase in intensity this afternoon as they spread
    eastward across southern VA and central/eastern NC, with some
    uncertainty whether the ongoing convection will restrengthen, or if
    new development will occur along its outflow. Regardless, latest
    guidance and observational trends still suggest that a relatively
    greater threat for damaging winds should exist this afternoon across central/eastern NC and vicinity, where the greatest thunderstorm
    coverage, maxima in MLCAPE/DCAPE, and steepened low-level lapse
    rates are forecast. Have therefore introduced higher severe wind
    probabilities (30% area) across this region. Isolated hail may also
    occur with the strongest cores that can develop, although mid-level
    lapse rates are expected to remain rather poor. Severe potential
    should gradually wane this evening with the loss of daytime heating,
    and as convection moves offshore.

    Farther west, outflow from the morning thunderstorms may serve as a
    focus for renewed thunderstorm development this afternoon from parts
    of the OH Valley southeastward into the TN Valley. This region will
    be displaced from the stronger flow aloft present over the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast, with weak deep-layer shear expected. Still,
    some risk for isolated damaging winds may exist with any loosely
    organized cells/clusters that can develop given the presence of
    moderate to locally strong instability.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    A highly amplified mid/upper-level ridge will remain anchored over
    the central CONUS into south-central Canada through the period, with
    generally neutral to weakly rising mid-level heights expected over
    the northern/central Plains. Ongoing elevated cells across northern
    ND may continue to pose an isolated severe hail threat in the short
    term, but weakening low-level warm advection should tend to result
    in a further decrease in intensity with this activity. Otherwise,
    additional isolated to perhaps widely scattered high-based
    thunderstorms may develop this afternoon along/east of a surface lee
    trough over the northern/central Plains. While mid-level flow and
    related effective bulk shear should remain weak, occasional severe
    gusts may still occur with convective downdrafts given a well-mixed
    boundary layer. Some risk for hail and gusty winds may also exist
    with elevated convection that should eventually develop tonight into
    early Sunday morning in a renewed/modest low-level warm advection
    regime.

    ...Western Montana...
    To the east of a closed mid-level low over WA/OR, a belt of enhanced southwesterly mid/upper-level winds will extend across the northern
    Rockies. Gradually increasing moisture and large-scale ascent aloft
    associated with a weak/embedded shortwave trough are expected to
    support an increase in isolated thunderstorms this
    afternoon/evening. Lapse rates through low/mid levels will be steep
    with strong deep-layer shear present, but modest low-level moisture
    should limit MLCAPE to generally less than 500 J/kg. The potential
    for severe wind gusts still appears too low to justify including 5%
    wind probabilities at this time.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 6 00:58:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 060058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060056

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0756 PM CDT Sat Sep 05 2026

    Valid 060100Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHEAST
    COLORADO INTO PARTS OF WESTERN NEBRASKA...INCLUDING THE PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered occurrences of large hail and severe wind gusts are
    expected into tonight over northeast Colorado into parts of western
    Nebraska, including the Panhandle. Isolated occurrences of large
    hail and damaging winds remain possible overnight across a broader
    portion of the northern and central Plains. Damaging wind potential
    is expected to diminish within the next couple of hours over
    portions of Kentucky, Georgia, and South Carolina.

    ...Northern and Central Plains...

    Separate clusters of thunderstorms, including supercells, are
    ongoing this evening over the NE Panhandle into northeast CO ahead
    of a weak mid-level disturbance moving through WY and north-central
    CO. The 00Z LBF sounding sampled relatively steep lapse rates with
    MLCAPE of around 2500 J/kg along with a vertically veering wind
    profile with around 30 kt of deep-layer shear. As such, expect the
    supercell threat to persist for the next hour or two, prior to
    storms merging into a larger complex along a nocturnally
    strengthening low-level jet. Large hail up to two inches will be the
    main hazard in the near-term; however, the potential for severe wind
    gusts will become more prevalent if an organized cold pool can
    evolve.

    Elsewhere, storms are widely scattered across the Dakotas with the
    00Z ABR sounding indicating a moderately unstable, but capped air
    mass for surface-based parcels. Additional, elevated storms appear
    possible overnight along the low-level jet axis with a risk for
    isolated occurrence of large hail and damaging wind gusts.


    ...Central Georgia into southern South Carolina...

    Widely scattered thunderstorms are ongoing this evening from south
    of Atlanta into southern SC, along an outflow boundary remnant from
    storms earlier today. Isolated occurrences of damaging wind gusts
    remain possible for the next hour or two before low-level lapse
    rates begin to weaken with the loss of daytime heating.


    ...Kentucky...

    A small cluster of thunderstorms has recently intensified south of
    the OH River, east of Owensboro, in the vicinity of a weak surface
    boundary, and ahead of a weak mid-level disturbance approaching the
    area from the north. Regional 00Z soundings indicate the air mass
    remains moderately unstable with around 30 kt of deep-layer shear.
    The ongoing storms will remain capable of strong wind gusts for the
    next hour or so before the boundary layer begins to stabilize.

    ..Mead.. 09/06/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 6 05:44:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 060543
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060541

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1241 AM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS INTO THE SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY AND OVER
    PARTS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered damaging wind gusts are likely across portions of
    the Southeast Sunday afternoon and early evening. Widely scattered
    large hail occurrences are expected across portions of western and
    central Montana Sunday afternoon and evening. Additional areas at
    risk for severe wind and hail are across parts of the Interior West,
    over the northern and central High Plains, and from the eastern
    Dakotas and western Minnesota into the Ozark Plateau and Gulf Coast
    states.

    ...Synopsis...

    A prominent mid-level ridge over the central U.S. is forecast to
    weaken during the latter half of the period in response to the
    progression of two distinct short-wave troughs and associated wind
    maxima through the Interior West. Separate, weaker perturbations
    will move through the ridge axis over the northern Plains/mid-MO
    Valley region on Sunday, contributing to thunderstorm development in
    those areas. Elsewhere, a mid-level disturbance over the OH Valley
    Sunday morning is forecast to move into the Cumberland Plateau
    vicinity by afternoon, also likely serving as a focus for
    thunderstorm development.

    At the surface, a lee cyclone will persist over the northern High
    Plains, with that feature potentially deepening Sunday night in
    response to increasing height falls aloft. High pressure will build
    across the Great Lakes, OH Valley, and Northeast with a baroclinic
    zone present between those surface features from the mid-MO Valley
    through the Ozarks and TN Valley into the Southeast.


    ...Southern Appalachians into the Savannah River Valley...

    Temperatures in the 90s will coincide with boundary-layer dewpoints
    in the 70s to yield a moderately to strongly unstable air mass
    (i.e., MLCAPE of 2000-3000+ J/kg) by afternoon with steepening
    low-level lapse rates. Aided by forcing attendant to the mid-level
    disturbance mentioned above, that thermodynamic environment will
    support an increase in thunderstorm coverage and intensity through
    the afternoon along and ahead of the surface front.

    Some increase in mid-level winds may accompany the disturbance with
    up to 30 kt of deep-layer shear forecast in the vicinity of the
    frontal zone. As such, the potential will exist for longer-lived
    multi-cells and line segments capable of damaging wind gusts and
    perhaps some large hail into evening.


    ...Ozark Plateau into the Gulf Coast States...

    A similar thermodynamic environment to that previously described is
    anticipated ahead of the surface front Sunday afternoon. Generally
    weak forcing for ascent and vertical shear are expected to limit the
    potential for a more organized severe weather threat. However, the
    degree of instability will support briefly intense pulse-type storms
    capable of locally damaging wet microbursts during the afternoon and
    early evening hours.


    ...Northern Great Basin into the northern Rockies...

    Increasing height falls and strengthening mid/upper-level flow will
    overspread the region Sunday afternoon into night ahead of a
    vigorous short-wave trough pivoting through the base of the Pacific
    Northwest upper low. The strongest instability (i.e., MLCAPE up to
    1000-1500 J/kg) is forecast across portions of western into central
    MT with stronger capping with eastward extent. The presence of 40-50
    kt of deep-layer shear will support supercells capable of mainly
    large hail through Sunday evening. While forecast hodographs exhibit considerable curvature/veering winds in the lowest 1-2-km AGL,
    stability concerns in the boundary layer may limit severe-wind-gust
    and tornado potential.

    Weaker instability is forecast from northeast NV and northern UT
    into central and eastern ID. However, the presence of steep lapse
    rates and kinematics mentioned above may yield a few severe storms
    capable of severe wind gusts.


    ...Northern and central High Plains...

    Stronger forcing for ascent is expected to remain to the west and
    east of the region through the daylight hours, leading to
    uncertainty in storm coverage in the vicinity of the surface low and
    lee trough. The 00Z models indicate an increasing potential for at
    least isolated thunderstorms from mid-afternoon into evening along
    the lee trough. RAP-based forecast soundings show steep lapse rates
    and resulting MLCAPE of 1000-2000+ J/kg. The strongest deep-layer
    shear of 40-50 kt is forecast across eastern MT into ND with
    decreasing magnitudes with southward extent along the lee trough. As
    such, a conditional risk for supercells capable of large hail and
    severe wind gusts exists. While Marginal Risk wind and hail
    probabilities will be maintained with this forecast, an upgrade to
    level 2/Slight Risk is possible in subsequent updates.


    ...Eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota into the lower Missouri
    Valley...

    Clusters of mainly elevated thunderstorms may be ongoing at 12Z
    Sunday, aided by forcing associated with the weak disturbance(s)
    cresting the mid-level ridge axis. A subset of the early-day storms
    is expected to persist into afternoon with additional storms forming
    on the leading edge of more persistent cloud cover, where pockets of
    stronger heating and boundary-layer dewpoints in the low/mid 70s
    will yield MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg. The 00Z models suggest that
    storms will eventually grow upscale into an MCS that tracks south
    along or to the immediate cool side of the surface boundary through
    portions of the middle and lower MO Valley Sunday afternoon into
    evening. It currently appears that deep-layer shear of generally
    less than 30 kt and marginally steep mid-level lapse rates may limit
    the degree of cold pool organization and a greater/more continuous damaging-wind threat. Nonetheless, the setup appears supportive of
    sporadic damaging wind and severe hail occurrences.

    ..Mead/Chalmers.. 09/06/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 6 12:53:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 061252
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061251

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 AM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026

    Valid 061300Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS INTO THE SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY...AND OVER
    PARTS OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered damaging wind gusts are likely across portions of
    the Southeast this afternoon and early evening. Widely scattered
    large hail occurrences are expected across portions of western and
    central Montana this afternoon and evening. Additional areas at risk
    for isolated severe wind and hail are parts of the Interior West,
    over the northern and central High Plains, and from the eastern
    Dakotas and western Minnesota into the Ozark Plateau and Gulf Coast
    states.

    ...Southern Appalachians through coastal SC and GA...
    A moist airmass is in place across the region this morning, with
    recent surface analysis revealing a reservoir of low to mid 70s
    dewpoints. Strong heating is anticipated across this region today,
    with afternoon temperatures reaching the low to mid 90s. This strong
    heating will destabilize the airmass and contribute to
    moderate/strong buoyancy, with MLCAPE around 2000-2500 J/kg likely
    during the late afternoon. A subtle shortwave trough will progress
    through the northwesterly flow aloft extending over the area,
    interacting with this destabilized airmass to support thunderstorm
    development. Vertical shear will generally be weak, limiting updraft organization and promoting a predominantly outflow-dominant storm
    mode. Even so, steep low-level lapse rates and abundant moisture
    will promote the potential for damaging wind gusts with any
    longer-lived multi-cells or line segments. Updraft augmentation due
    to storm interactions could also result in isolated hail.

    ...Ozark Plateau into the Gulf Coast States...
    A corridor of greater low-level moisture arcs from the Southeast
    states through Arkansas and Missouri. Daytime heating will
    destabilize this airmass, helping to support thunderstorm
    development in areas of low-level confluence. Weak forcing for
    ascent and vertical shear are expected to limit storm organization.
    However, the degree of instability will support briefly intense
    pulse-type storms capable of locally damaging wet microbursts during
    the afternoon and early evening hours.

    ...Eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota into the lower Missouri
    Valley...
    A linear MCS continues to push eastward across the central Plains
    this morning. A notable vorticity maximum has developed within the
    northern portion of this line. Its motion appears to be more
    northeasterly than the line itself, and new development is occurring
    downstream of this vorticity maximum across south-central/southeast
    SD and adjacent northeast NE. A corridor of relatively greater
    low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints in the low 70s) exists downstream
    of this vorticity maximum and attendant MCS from eastern SD through
    western IA and into northern MO. General expectation is for
    thunderstorm coverage and intensity to increase later this
    morning/early afternoon as the vorticity maximum/remnant MCS
    interact with this moist and diurnally destabilizing airmass. Much
    of this development is expected to occur along or to the immediate
    cool side of the surface boundary that extends through portions of
    the middle and lower MO Valley. Occasionally strong updrafts could
    result in isolated hail and/or damaging gusts, but the weak
    mid-level flow and associated modest deep-layer shear should limit
    storm organization and contribute to clustered multicellular mode.

    ...Northern Plains into the northern/central High Plains...
    Modest height falls may begin to impinge on northern/central High
    Plains during the early evening as a low-amplitude shortwave trough
    moves a belt of stronger southwesterlies just west of the region.
    This modest ascent will augment low-level convergence along the lee
    trough to support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development where the lingering convective inhibition can be
    overcome. This appears most likely across southeast WY and northeast
    CO where persistent low-level easterly flow could keep dewpoints in
    the 60s. High-based, outflow-dominant storms will support the
    potential for isolated strong to severe gusts.

    Increasing mid-level flow will support stronger deep-layer vertical
    shear farther north (into eastern MT and western ND), but stronger
    convective inhibition may linger, casting doubt whether storms will
    initiate. If initiation is realized, storm motion could take it into
    the more moist and buoyant airmass north of the surface low where
    thermodynamic profiles are favorable for large to very large hail.
    Will maintain 5% wind/hail probabilities but introduce a CIG1 for
    hail given the conditional potential.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the northern Rockies...
    Increasing height falls and strengthening mid/upper-level flow will
    spread across the region today ahead of a vigorous shortwave trough
    pivoting through the base of a Pacific Northwest upper low.
    Thunderstorm development is anticipated over the higher terrain
    before then progressing northeastward towards lower elevations.
    Deep-layer vertical shear of 40 to 50 kt will support supercells,
    with large hail as the primary severe risk. Greater buoyancy is
    expected across central MT, but low-level stability will likely
    persist across this region as well, potentially limiting the
    severe-wind and tornado potential.

    Weaker instability is forecast from northeast NV and northern UT
    into central and eastern ID. However, the presence of steep lapse
    rates and kinematics mentioned above may yield a few severe storms
    capable of severe wind gusts.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/06/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 6 16:32:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 061632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026

    Valid 061630Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...MONTANA...AND NORTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered damaging winds should occur across parts of the Southeast
    this afternoon/early evening. Scattered large hail is forecast
    across portions of Montana and North Dakota this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may also occur
    today across parts of the northern Great Basin, northern/central
    Plains, and Missouri Valley to the Ozarks.

    ...Southeast/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Recent visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies across
    GA/SC late this morning, with surface temperatures already in the
    mid/upper 80s to low 90s. A weak front is draped from northwest to
    southeast from the southern Appalachians to the Atlantic Coast, with
    generally low to mid 70s surface dewpoints present to its south.
    Continued diurnal heating of this moist airmass will support the
    development of moderate to strong instability (greater with
    southward/westward extent into GA/AL and north FL). Compared to the
    past couple of days, this region will be displaced from the stronger
    mid-level west-northwesterly flow present across the
    Mid-Atlantic/Northeast. Corresponding deep-layer shear is expected
    to remain rather modest (less than 25 kt), with only loosely
    organized updrafts forecast. Even with these kinematic limitations,
    steepening low-level lapse rates through the afternoon may still
    promote isolated to scattered damaging winds with clusters that
    develop and spread south-southeastward through the early evening.
    Isolated hail may also occur with the more robust cells that can
    develop initially. The damaging wind threat should be more isolated
    with westward extent into the lower MS Valley compared to GA and the
    Carolinas, where the Slight Risk has been maintained with some
    expansion.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the Pacific Northwest and British
    Columbia will pivot towards the northern Rockies through the period,
    with a belt of enhanced mid-level flow overspreading the northern
    Great Basin into the northern Rockies and adjacent High Plains in
    MT. At the surface, mostly cloudy conditions are present over much
    of western/central MT this morning. Even so, recent NAM/RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show supercell profiles later this
    afternoon and evening as mid/upper-level winds foster strong
    deep-layer shear. Current expectations are for multiple supercells
    to develop initially over the higher terrain and spread quickly
    northeastward. While there is still some uncertainty regarding
    boundary-layer destabilization, sufficient MUCAPE is forecast to
    support supercell maintenance into the adjacent High Plains through
    the evening. Large hail should be the main threat with this activity
    (with some 2+ inches possible given the very favorable deep-layer
    shear), but isolated severe gusts may also occur. The Slight Risk
    has been adjusted/expanded a little eastward in MT based on latest
    short-term guidance trends. High-based thunderstorms may also pose
    an isolated threat for severe gusts across parts of the northern
    Great Basin this afternoon.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Missouri Valley
    and Ozarks...
    Ongoing and likely elevated supercells with a threat for large hail
    across parts of western ND are being aided by a subtle mid-level
    shortwave trough cresting the upper ridge that is anchored over the
    central CONUS. Favorable lapse rates aloft and modestly enhanced mid/upper-level southwesterly flow is likely supporting updraft organization/intensity with this ongoing activity. The airmass
    downstream across central/eastern ND should gradually destabilize
    through the afternoon, with a moist low-level airmass present to the
    east of a weak surface low over eastern MT/southwest ND/northwest
    SD. It remains unclear whether these ongoing supercells will be
    maintained farther east across ND, but given the favorable airmass
    and sufficient deep-layer shear present, have opted to add a
    targeted Slight Risk for the large hail potential.

    Additional convection is occurring farther south in SD, southwest
    MN/northwest IA, and northeast NE in association with a mid-level
    vorticity maximum evident on water vapor satellite imagery moving
    eastward across SD/NE. There is a narrow corridor of greater
    instability present across this region southward to the Ozarks,
    generally along/near a weak surface front. Isolated hail may occur
    with the stronger cores in the short term, but it remains unclear if
    convection will be able to form into a southward-moving cluster
    across eastern NE/western IA later this afternoon and evening. If
    this does occur, then a greater threat for severe/damaging winds
    would exist. Have deferred a possible upgrade to Slight Risk given
    the uncertainty with how ongoing convection will evolve/impact the
    developing warm sector, and due to the presence of the large-scale mid/upper-level ridge and generally modest flow aloft. A separate
    area of high-based thunderstorms that should develop this afternoon
    along/east of a surface lee trough across the central High Plains
    could produce occasional hail and severe gusts, even as deep-layer
    shear remains modest.

    ..Gleason/Thornton.. 09/06/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 6 20:02:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 062002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 062000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026

    Valid 062000Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...MONTANA...AND THE MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered damaging winds should occur across parts of the Southeast
    this afternoon/early evening. Scattered large hail is forecast
    across portions of Montana this afternoon and evening. A focused
    corridor for damaging winds and severe hail is forecast across parts
    of the Middle and Lower Missouri Valley. Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may also occur today across parts of the northern
    Great Basin, northern/central Plains, and the Ozarks.

    ...20Z Update...
    A Slight Risk was added across parts of the Middle and Lower
    Missouri Valley -- driven by 15-percent wind and hail probabilities.
    Here, ample diurnal heating amid a very moist air mass is yielding a
    corridor of strong surface-based buoyancy (around 4000 J/kg MLCAPE
    per the latest HRRR SFCOA data). Large-scale ascent preceding a
    convectively augmented midlevel impulse should promote an increase
    in storm coverage in this north/south corridor through the
    afternoon. The strong buoyancy and around 30 kt of effective shear
    should promote a mix of organized clusters and possibly some
    supercell structures -- capable of producing damaging wind gusts and
    severe hail. See MCD #2253 for more details.

    Farther north, the Slight Risk in ND was removed. The latest mode
    evolution suggests a reduced hail threat compared to this morning.
    However, a locally favorable corridor for damaging wind gusts may
    develop into parts of eastern ND this afternoon/early evening.

    Elsewhere, the previous forecast remains on track.

    ..Weinman.. 09/06/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026/

    ...Southeast/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Recent visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies across
    GA/SC late this morning, with surface temperatures already in the
    mid/upper 80s to low 90s. A weak front is draped from northwest to
    southeast from the southern Appalachians to the Atlantic Coast, with
    generally low to mid 70s surface dewpoints present to its south.
    Continued diurnal heating of this moist airmass will support the
    development of moderate to strong instability (greater with
    southward/westward extent into GA/AL and north FL). Compared to the
    past couple of days, this region will be displaced from the stronger
    mid-level west-northwesterly flow present across the
    Mid-Atlantic/Northeast. Corresponding deep-layer shear is expected
    to remain rather modest (less than 25 kt), with only loosely
    organized updrafts forecast. Even with these kinematic limitations,
    steepening low-level lapse rates through the afternoon may still
    promote isolated to scattered damaging winds with clusters that
    develop and spread south-southeastward through the early evening.
    Isolated hail may also occur with the more robust cells that can
    develop initially. The damaging wind threat should be more isolated
    with westward extent into the lower MS Valley compared to GA and the
    Carolinas, where the Slight Risk has been maintained with some
    expansion.

    ...Northern Great Basin into the Northern Rockies/High Plains...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the Pacific Northwest and British
    Columbia will pivot towards the northern Rockies through the period,
    with a belt of enhanced mid-level flow overspreading the northern
    Great Basin into the northern Rockies and adjacent High Plains in
    MT. At the surface, mostly cloudy conditions are present over much
    of western/central MT this morning. Even so, recent NAM/RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show supercell profiles later this
    afternoon and evening as mid/upper-level winds foster strong
    deep-layer shear. Current expectations are for multiple supercells
    to develop initially over the higher terrain and spread quickly
    northeastward. While there is still some uncertainty regarding
    boundary-layer destabilization, sufficient MUCAPE is forecast to
    support supercell maintenance into the adjacent High Plains through
    the evening. Large hail should be the main threat with this activity
    (with some 2+ inches possible given the very favorable deep-layer
    shear), but isolated severe gusts may also occur. The Slight Risk
    has been adjusted/expanded a little eastward in MT based on latest
    short-term guidance trends. High-based thunderstorms may also pose
    an isolated threat for severe gusts across parts of the northern
    Great Basin this afternoon.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Missouri Valley
    and Ozarks...
    Ongoing and likely elevated supercells with a threat for large hail
    across parts of western ND are being aided by a subtle mid-level
    shortwave trough cresting the upper ridge that is anchored over the
    central CONUS. Favorable lapse rates aloft and modestly enhanced mid/upper-level southwesterly flow is likely supporting updraft organization/intensity with this ongoing activity. The airmass
    downstream across central/eastern ND should gradually destabilize
    through the afternoon, with a moist low-level airmass present to the
    east of a weak surface low over eastern MT/southwest ND/northwest
    SD. It remains unclear whether these ongoing supercells will be
    maintained farther east across ND, but given the favorable airmass
    and sufficient deep-layer shear present, have opted to add a
    targeted Slight Risk for the large hail potential.

    Additional convection is occurring farther south in SD, southwest
    MN/northwest IA, and northeast NE in association with a mid-level
    vorticity maximum evident on water vapor satellite imagery moving
    eastward across SD/NE. There is a narrow corridor of greater
    instability present across this region southward to the Ozarks,
    generally along/near a weak surface front. Isolated hail may occur
    with the stronger cores in the short term, but it remains unclear if
    convection will be able to form into a southward-moving cluster
    across eastern NE/western IA later this afternoon and evening. If
    this does occur, then a greater threat for severe/damaging winds
    would exist. Have deferred a possible upgrade to Slight Risk given
    the uncertainty with how ongoing convection will evolve/impact the
    developing warm sector, and due to the presence of the large-scale mid/upper-level ridge and generally modest flow aloft. A separate
    area of high-based thunderstorms that should develop this afternoon
    along/east of a surface lee trough across the central High Plains
    could produce occasional hail and severe gusts, even as deep-layer
    shear remains modest.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 7 00:42:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 070042
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070040

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0740 PM CDT Sun Sep 06 2026

    Valid 070100Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    WESTERN AND CENTRAL MONTANA AND OVER A SMALL PART OF THE LOWER
    MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered large hail occurrences with hailstones up to two
    inches are expected over portions of western and central Montana
    this evening into tonight. More sporadic occurrences of large hail
    and severe wind gusts appear possible over the northern and central
    High Plains, and across parts of the lower Missouri Valley.

    ...Northern Rockies into the northern Plains...

    Separate vorticity lobes and associated wind maxima will progress
    into the northern Rockies and northern High Plains tonight with a
    resultant zone of height falls/forcing for ascent overspreading the
    region. In the lower levels, a surface cyclone will be maintained
    over southeast MT while a nocturnal jet develops over the northern
    and central High Plains.

    Thunderstorms currently intensifying over western MT are expected to
    increase in coverage and intensity while spreading into
    north-central MT ahead of the western vorticity lobe rounding the
    base of the Pacific Northwest upper low. While the boundary layer is
    somewhat cool/stable, the presence of steep mid-level lapse rates,
    MUCAPE up to 1000-1500 J/kg, and 40-45 kt of effective bulk shear
    will be supportive of supercells with the primary hazard being large
    hail up to two inches.

    Farther east, isolated to widely scattered storms have developed
    along and ahead of a lee trough and the MT surface low from western
    ND into northeast CO within a steep lapse rate and moderately
    unstable environment (see the 00Z UNR and LBF soundings). Veering
    winds with height with up to 35-40 kt of deep-layer shear are
    sufficient to support an observed supercell storm mode with the
    primary hazards being large hail potentially in excess of two inches
    and locally severe wind gusts. A tornado was recently reported with
    a slow-moving supercell over McKenzie County, ND. However, sizable temperature-dewpoint spreads within the inflow air mass, and the
    tendency for increasing convective inhibition in the coming hours
    are likely to limit a continuing tornado threat despite increasing
    low-level shear.

    Storm coverage is expected to remain limited through the remainder
    of the evening with a potential increase later tonight with the
    arrival of the eastern vorticity lobe and strengthening low-level
    jet. As such, the threat for sporadic large hail and severe wind
    gust occurrences may linger into the overnight hours from eastern MT
    into the western parts of the Dakotas and NE.

    For additional information, see recently issued mesoscale discussion
    #2259.


    ...Lower Missouri Valley...

    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are ongoing this evening
    over parts of southeast NE, northeast KS, and northwest MO with
    activity focused along outflow boundaries and a synoptic front in
    the area. The inflow air mass remains hot and relatively moist as of
    00Z with observed soundings indicating steep low-level lapse rates
    with MLCAPE up to 1500-3000 J/kg. The 00Z TOP sounding sampled
    around 30 kt of deep-layer shear, which will remain supportive of
    episodic supercell structures for the next couple of hours with an
    associated risk for large hail and locally damaging wind gusts.

    For additional information, see recently issued mesoscale discussion
    #2258.

    ..Mead.. 09/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 7 05:58:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 070556
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070555

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHWEST
    INTO CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA AND SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA INTO NORTHEAST
    NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly large hail are
    expected over portions of northwest and central North Dakota and
    southeast South Dakota into northeast Nebraska Monday afternoon into
    evening. A tornado or two is possible in southeast South Dakota. A
    broader area of isolated large hail and damaging wind potential
    exists over the northern and central Plains into upper Mississippi
    Valley. Locally damaging wind gusts appear possible over the central
    Gulf Coast states Monday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A vigorous short-wave trough will pivot from the northern Rockies
    through the northern High Plains with an associated strengthening of
    the mid/upper-level wind field forecast across the northern Plains
    into the upper MS Valley. A low-level jet (LLJ) will also be
    sustained over the northern and central Plains into upper MS Valley
    ahead of a surface cold front advancing through the northern Plains
    and central High Plains.


    ...Northern and central Plains into the upper Mississippi Valley...

    Clusters of mainly elevated thunderstorms may be ongoing at 12Z
    Monday from eastern MT into the Dakotas within a zone of forcing for
    ascent preceding a lead, mid-level disturbance and coincident with
    the exit region of the LLJ. The presence of steep mid-level lapse
    rates, MUCAPE of 1000-1500 J/kg, and 35-45 kt of effective bulk
    shear will be supportive of some storm organization with an
    associated risk for isolated large hail occurrences through the
    morning hours as that convective regime shifts east across the
    Dakotas.

    On the periphery of more persistent cloudiness associated with the
    morning storms, stronger insolation coupled with dewpoints in the
    upper 60s to low 70s F and modestly steep mid-level lapse rates are
    expected to yield a moderately unstable air mass by mid to late
    afternoon with MLCAPE up to 1500-2500+ J/kg and a weakening cap.
    Surface-based thunderstorm development will become increasingly
    likely at that time, aided by increasing height falls attending the
    primary short-wave trough.

    The 00Z models indicate one potentially favored location for storm
    development over portions of south-central and southeast SD into
    northeast CO, from the vicinity of a secondary surface low southwest
    along a pre-frontal trough. RAP-based hodographs over southeast SD
    indicate considerable veering through the lowest 1-2 km AGL with
    effective SRH of 200-300 m2/s2 and effective bulk shear magnitudes
    of 40-45 kt, owing to the proximity of the LLJ. Accompanying
    thermodynamic profiles suggest modest low-level lapse rates with
    some residual capping. However, given surface-based storm initiation
    and sustenance, supercells would be likely with an associated large
    hail and tornado threat.

    A hotter and more well-mixed boundary layer is expected with
    southwestward extent ahead of the pre-frontal trough where
    high-based storms capable of severe wind gusts and hail appear
    possible.

    Surface-based storms also appear possible ahead of an occluding
    surface low and trailing cold front from northwest into central ND.
    While the boundary layer may remain relatively cool from the
    early-day storms, cooling mid-level temperatures will effectively
    steepen lapse rates, yielding sufficient instability amidst 40-50 kt
    of deep-layer layer. As such, supercells appear possible with an
    attendant risk for large hail.


    ...Central Gulf Coast...

    A hot and very moist air mass is forecast Monday afternoon ahead of
    a weak front pushing into the region from the north with MLCAPE
    increasing to 2500-3500 J/kg. Forcing for ascent will remain weak as
    will vertical shear; however, the degree of instability and high
    moisture content will be supportive of intense pulse storms capable
    of damaging wet microbursts from mid-afternoon into evening.

    ..Mead/Chalmers.. 09/07/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 7 12:46:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 071245
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071244

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 AM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026

    Valid 071300Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    NORTH DAKOTA AND SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA INTO NORTHEAST NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly large hail are
    expected over portions of North Dakota as well as southeast South
    Dakota into northeast Nebraska this afternoon into evening. A
    broader area of isolated large hail and damaging wind potential
    exists over the northern and central Plains into upper Mississippi
    Valley. Locally damaging wind gusts appear possible over the central
    Gulf Coast states Monday afternoon and evening.

    ...Northern/Central Plains into the Upper Mississippi Valley...
    Early-morning satellite imagery depicts a deep upper trough over the
    western CONUS. A trio of notable shortwave troughs are embedded
    within this larger troughing, with the lead wave currently
    progressing through eastern MT. Expectation is for this lead wave to
    continue northeastward into the southern Canadian Prairie Provinces.
    Surface low attendant to this lead shortwave is currently over
    east-central MT. This low is also forecast to progress northeastward
    just ahead of its parent shortwave for much of the day, before then
    occluding over southern Saskatchewan this evening.

    Showers and thunderstorms are currently ongoing from central MT into
    western ND in the vicinity of this surface low, supported by a
    combination of warm advection around the low and large-scale ascent
    attendant to the shortwave trough. Warm-air advection is also
    supporting additional thunderstorms from the NE Panhandle into
    central SD. All of this activity is expected to gradually to shift northeastward this morning in tandem with the progression of the
    shortwave and its stronger low/mid-level southerly flow. Steep
    mid-level lapse rates, MUCAPE of 1000-1500 J/kg, and 35-45 kt of
    effective bulk shear could support occasional storm organization
    with an associated risk for isolated large hail.

    Renewed thunderstorm development is anticipated this afternoon in
    several areas in the wake of the morning storms. One area is along a dryline-like surface trough that is forecast to extend from the
    occluding low over southern Saskatchewan to another low over western
    SD. Strong low-level convergence is likely along this boundary, with
    dewpoints remaining in the mid to upper 60s just east of the
    boundary. Some convective inhibition may linger, and overall storm
    coverage will likely remain isolated to widely scattered as a
    result. However, any storms that develop should become supercells
    capable of all severe hazards, including very large hail and a brief
    tornado.

    Another area is over portions of south-central and southeast SD into
    northeast CO, from the vicinity of the secondary surface low of
    western SD southwest along a pre-frontal trough. Some limited
    convective inhibition may remain over this region as well, likely
    keeping the overall storm coverage isolated to widely scattered.
    Even so, kinematic profiles do support the potential for supercells
    with any persistent deep convective, particularly over southeast SD.
    Here, the proximity to the low-level jet results in considerable
    veering through the lowest 1-2 km AGL, with effective SRH of 200-300
    m2/s2 and effective bulk shear magnitudes of 40-45 kt. Primary
    severe risk with any supercells is large to very large hail,
    although the low-level veering will support some tornado risk as
    well.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    A hot and very moist air mass is forecast this afternoon ahead of a
    weak front pushing into the region from the north with MLCAPE
    increasing to 2500-3500 J/kg. Forcing for ascent and vertical shear
    will remain weak; however, the degree of instability and high
    moisture content will be supportive of intense pulse storms capable
    of damaging wet microbursts from mid-afternoon into evening.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/07/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 7 16:14:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 071613
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071612

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1112 AM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026

    Valid 071630Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA AND SOUTHEAST SOUTH
    DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly large hail are
    expected over portions of North Dakota as well as southeast South
    Dakota into northeast Nebraska this afternoon into evening. Isolated
    damaging wind potential will exist over the northern and central
    Plains into upper Mississippi Valley. Locally damaging wind gusts
    appear possible this afternoon over the central Gulf Coast states.

    ...ND...
    A fast-moving shortwave trough currently over WY/MT will track
    northeastward into the Dakotas this afternoon. Strong
    heating/mixing in southwest ND will lead to a sharpening dryline
    across central ND by mid/late afternoon. This will be the likely
    focus for thunderstorm development after 22z. Forecast soundings in
    the warm-sector east of the dryline suggest sufficient low-level and
    deep-layer shear for supercell storm-modes. Large hail and perhaps a
    tornado or two are possible in the most intense storms. This
    activity will spread eastward into northeast ND this evening before
    weakening.

    ...CO/KS/NE/SD...
    A weak surface boundary is present today from northeast CO into
    central NE. Scattered afternoon thunderstorms will form over the
    mountains of central CO, with development spreading eastward along
    the boundary through the afternoon. Strong heating and a deeply
    mixed boundary-layer will promote intense downdrafts in the
    strongest cores. By early evening, activity may spread into
    southeast SD where greater low-level moisture and CAPE will pose a
    risk of a few more intense storms capable of hail or even a tornado.
    Recent model solutions have been backing off on this SD scenario,
    but will maintain the ongoing SLGT for now.

    ...LA/MS/AL...
    Hot and humid conditions will prevail over the central Gulf coast
    region today, with full sunshine and dewpoints in the low-mid 70s.
    Steering flow is weak, but high CAPE and ample moisture suggest a
    risk of occasional intense downdrafts in the strongest storms.

    ..Hart/Thornton.. 09/07/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 7 20:01:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 072000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026

    Valid 072000Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA AND SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly large hail are
    expected over portions of North Dakota as well as southeast South
    Dakota into northeast Nebraska this afternoon into evening. Isolated
    damaging wind potential will exist over the northern and central
    Plains into the upper Mississippi Valley. Locally damaging wind
    gusts remain possible this afternoon over the central Gulf Coast
    states.

    ...20Z Update...
    The MRGL Risk/5-percent wind area was expanded slightly
    west-southwestward in parts of eastern MT. Here, a small
    north/south-oriented line segment is tracking eastward into an
    increasingly warm PBL. This activity will continue to pose a risk of
    a few severe wind gusts this afternoon. See MCD #2264 for more
    details. Elsewhere, very minimal changes were made with this update.

    ..Weinman.. 09/07/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1112 AM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026/

    ...ND...
    A fast-moving shortwave trough currently over WY/MT will track
    northeastward into the Dakotas this afternoon. Strong
    heating/mixing in southwest ND will lead to a sharpening dryline
    across central ND by mid/late afternoon. This will be the likely
    focus for thunderstorm development after 22z. Forecast soundings in
    the warm-sector east of the dryline suggest sufficient low-level and
    deep-layer shear for supercell storm-modes. Large hail and perhaps a
    tornado or two are possible in the most intense storms. This
    activity will spread eastward into northeast ND this evening before
    weakening.

    ...CO/KS/NE/SD...
    A weak surface boundary is present today from northeast CO into
    central NE. Scattered afternoon thunderstorms will form over the
    mountains of central CO, with development spreading eastward along
    the boundary through the afternoon. Strong heating and a deeply
    mixed boundary-layer will promote intense downdrafts in the
    strongest cores. By early evening, activity may spread into
    southeast SD where greater low-level moisture and CAPE will pose a
    risk of a few more intense storms capable of hail or even a tornado.
    Recent model solutions have been backing off on this SD scenario,
    but will maintain the ongoing SLGT for now.

    ...LA/MS/AL...
    Hot and humid conditions will prevail over the central Gulf coast
    region today, with full sunshine and dewpoints in the low-mid 70s.
    Steering flow is weak, but high CAPE and ample moisture suggest a
    risk of occasional intense downdrafts in the strongest storms.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 8 01:00:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 080059
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Mon Sep 07 2026

    Valid 080100Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER CENTRAL NORTH
    DAKOTA AND SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat for widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail
    and perhaps a tornado or two will continue over central North Dakota
    and southeast South Dakota into tonight. More isolated occurrences
    of large hail and severe wind gusts remain possible this evening
    over the central High Plains.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Two separate severe thunderstorm regimes have evolved late this
    afternoon into evening. The first is over northwest into central ND,
    where widely scattered storms --including a supercell-- are ongoing
    ahead of a cold front pushing through western ND. The 00Z BIS
    sounding showed modestly steep low-level lapse rates and a moist
    boundary layer with MLCAPE CAPE of around 3000 J/kg. The
    corresponding wind profile was quite supportive of updraft rotation
    with effective SRH of around 300 m2/s2 and 60 kt of effective bulk
    shear, suggesting the supercell north of BIS will remain capable of
    large hail and a tornado or two for the next hour or two.
    Thereafter, increasing convective inhibition may result in the
    gradual weakening of the storms with a decreasing severe weather
    threat.

    For additional near-term guidance on that regime, see recently
    issued MCD #2268.

    The second thunderstorm regime is evolving across portions of
    northeast NE into southeast SD, near the intersection of a
    differential heating zone/outflow boundary and a pre-frontal trough.
    The boundary layer to the north of the baroclinic zone over
    southeast SD is slightly cooler with some convective inhibition
    noted in latest objective analysis fields. However, the presence of
    MLCAPE up to 2000-3000 J/kg, which coincides with 35-40 kt of
    deep-layer shear is supportive of supercells with the primary hazard
    being large hail, potentially in excess of two inches. The nocturnal strengthening of the low-level jet is resulting in enlarging
    low-level hodographs with effective SRH of 300-400+ m2/s2, per
    objective analysis. A tornado recently occurred with the ongoing
    storms near the NE-SD border with an additional tornado or two
    remaining possible this evening before convective inhibition
    increases further.

    ..Mead.. 09/08/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 8 05:40:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 080539
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080538

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1238 AM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    IOWA AND EASTERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly severe wind gusts
    appear possible across portions of Iowa and eastern Nebraska Tuesday
    afternoon and evening. More sporadic occurrences of severe winds and
    large hail may occur from portions of the upper Midwest into the
    central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    An intense upper low moving into southern SK late this evening will
    continue northeast through central MB into northern ON ahead of a
    secondary short-wave trough tracking from the northern Rockies into
    the northern Plains. A belt of enhanced mid/upper-level winds will
    be maintained between those features from the northern High Plains
    into the upper Great Lakes. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance through the eastern Dakotas and upper MS Valley with the
    trailing extension of the boundary moving more slowly southeast
    through the mid-MO Valley and central High Plains.


    ...Central Plains into the upper Midwest...

    Clusters of thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing at 12Z Tuesday
    from portions of the mid-MO Valley into the upper Midwest within a
    zone of warm advection and moisture transport along a nocturnal
    low-level jet (LLJ). Showers and storms may linger through the
    morning across parts of WI and the U.P. of MI, limiting the degree
    of air mass destabilization and associated severe weather risk
    during the afternoon. Farther to the southwest from IA through
    eastern and southern NE into northern KS, stronger daytime heating
    on the southern fringe of lingering mid/high-level cloudiness will
    contribute to a well-mixed boundary layer, featuring steep low-level
    lapse rates. When combined with boundary-layer dewpoints in the 60s
    to low/mid 70s F, the air mass is expected to become moderately to
    strongly unstable by late afternoon with MLCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg.

    In the absence of appreciable height falls/large-scale forcing for
    ascent, convergence along the front and any preceding confluence
    zones/outflow boundaries is expected to foster a gradual increase in
    storm coverage and intensity by mid to late afternoon amidst the
    destabilizing air mass. The strongest deep-layer shear is expected
    to be displaced to the north of the effective warm sector with
    around 30-35 kt forecast along the frontal zone. A largely parallel shear-vector orientation with the front suggests that initial storms
    should grow upscale into line segments or a broken band with an
    associated risk for severe wind gusts from mid afternoon through
    evening. Isolated occurrences of marginally severe hail are
    possible; however, poor mid-level lapse are expected to limit the
    overall threat. The 00Z models do indicate some LLJ enhancement over
    central IA by late afternoon into evening, resulting in a corridor
    of stronger low-level shear. While a brief tornado or two are
    possible, a more robust threat is expected to be limited by largely outflow-dominant storms.

    ..Mead/Chalmers.. 09/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 8 12:33:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081233
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081231

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0731 AM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026

    Valid 081300Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL IOWA AND FAR EASTERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of mainly severe wind gusts
    appear possible across portions of Iowa and eastern Nebraska Tuesday
    afternoon and evening. More sporadic occurrences of severe winds and
    large hail may occur from portions of the upper Midwest into the
    central Plains.

    ...Central Plains into the upper Midwest...
    An extensive low-level jet is currently in place from the southern
    High Plains through the Upper Midwest. Warm-air advection associated
    with this feature is contributing to showers and thunderstorms from
    eastern NE through WI and into western Upper MI. This activity is
    forecast to gradually shift northeastward this morning while the
    embedded storms also gradually diminish in strength. These showers
    and thunderstorms, and associated warm low to mid-level
    temperatures, are expected to limit destabilization across much of
    WI and Upper MI.

    Some moderate buoyancy is possible by the early afternoon across MN,
    just ahead of a cold front pushing eastward into the region.
    Lingering convective inhibition will likely limit convective
    initiation, and considerable uncertainty exists regarding
    thunderstorm coverage. This uncertainty precludes introducing any
    severe probabilities, but the combination of moderate buoyancy and
    strong deep-layer shear over the region would support some severe
    potential with any updrafts that persist and mature.

    Farther south and west (i.e. from IA through eastern/southern NE
    into northern KS), stronger daytime heating will contribute to a
    well-mixed boundary layer, characterized by steep low-level lapse
    rates and dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s F. This air mass is
    expected to become moderately to strongly unstable by late afternoon
    with MLCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg. Thunderstorm development is expected
    as the southeastward-progressing cold front interacts with this
    destabilized and buoyant airmass. The stronger vertical shear will
    be displaced north/northeast of the greater buoyancy, but 30 to 35
    kt of effective bulk shear is still sufficient for some storm
    organization. A largely parallel shear-vector orientation with the
    front suggests that initial storms should grow upscale quickly into
    line segments or broken bands, with some tendency for undercutting
    as well. Even so, a few damaging wind gusts will be possible from
    mid afternoon through evening. The low-level jet will increase again
    from western KS through central IA this evening resulting in a
    corridor of stronger low-level shear. This low-level shear will
    support a low-probability tornado risk, but a more robust threat is
    expected to be limited by largely outflow-dominant and/or elevated
    storms.

    ...CO Plains into western KS...
    Thunderstorm development appears likely across the higher terrain of
    central CO as the mid-level flow veers more westerly during the late
    afternoon. Moist post-frontal northerly low-level flow is expected
    across the CO Plains and western KS this evening, which could result
    in enough buoyancy to maintain modest intensity as the central CO
    storms progress eastward. High-based storm character and prevailing
    steep low-level lapse rates may result in a few stronger gusts as
    this cluster moves eastward into western KS.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 8 16:17:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081617
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081615

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026

    Valid 081630Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA ACROSS PARTS OF IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms capable of mainly severe wind gusts appear
    possible across portions of Iowa and eastern Nebraska this afternoon
    and evening.

    ...NE/IA...
    A broad upper ridge remains over much of the central/southern US,
    with moderately strong westerly flow over the northern tier of
    states. A baroclinic zone extends across southern NE into central
    IA. This feature will be sharpened by differential heating through
    the day, and will be the focus for afternoon and evening
    thunderstorm development. The strongest cells will be near a 20-30
    knot southwesterly low-level jet where warm advection and lift will
    aid in convective initiation. Sufficient deep-layer shear will
    promote supercell and eventual bowing structures, with damaging
    winds be the main concern. Most CAM solutions suggest the majority
    of convection will be just north of the surface boundary, which may
    limit the overall severe threat. Also, weak mid-level lapse rates
    and warm temperatures aloft will tend to diminish the hail risk.

    ...CO/KS...
    Farther southwest, hot surface conditions will result in a deeply
    mixed boundary layer. Scattered high-based showers and
    thunderstorms are expected to form from eastern CO into
    western/central KS, with gusty and occasionally damaging wind gusts
    possible.

    ..Hart/Guyer.. 09/08/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 8 19:49:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081949
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081947

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0247 PM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026

    Valid 082000Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA ACROSS PARTS OF IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms capable of mainly severe wind gusts appear
    possible across portions of Iowa and eastern Nebraska this afternoon
    and evening.

    ...20Z Update...
    The ongoing forecast remains on track and no changes are needed.

    ..Wendt.. 09/08/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1115 AM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026/

    ...NE/IA...
    A broad upper ridge remains over much of the central/southern US,
    with moderately strong westerly flow over the northern tier of
    states. A baroclinic zone extends across southern NE into central
    IA. This feature will be sharpened by differential heating through
    the day, and will be the focus for afternoon and evening
    thunderstorm development. The strongest cells will be near a 20-30
    knot southwesterly low-level jet where warm advection and lift will
    aid in convective initiation. Sufficient deep-layer shear will
    promote supercell and eventual bowing structures, with damaging
    winds be the main concern. Most CAM solutions suggest the majority
    of convection will be just north of the surface boundary, which may
    limit the overall severe threat. Also, weak mid-level lapse rates
    and warm temperatures aloft will tend to diminish the hail risk.

    ...CO/KS...
    Farther southwest, hot surface conditions will result in a deeply
    mixed boundary layer. Scattered high-based showers and
    thunderstorms are expected to form from eastern CO into
    western/central KS, with gusty and occasionally damaging wind gusts
    possible.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 9 00:38:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 090038
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090036

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0736 PM CDT Tue Sep 08 2026

    Valid 090100Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PORTIONS OF IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms capable of mainly severe wind gusts appear
    possible across portions of Iowa this evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity continues across the surface
    boundary extending from portions of central/southern Iowa into
    southern Nebraska and northern/western Kansas. A more organized
    cluster is ongoing across portions of south-central Iowa. This
    cluster will continue to pose a wind threat for the next couple of
    hours before eventually moving southeast into less favorable air
    across southeastern Iowa/western Illinois. Additional convection
    will evolve overnight with the increasing low-level jet across
    central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska and southern Iowa. This
    will pose at least some potential for small hail and strong to
    severe wind.

    Across Colorado, scattered convection is ongoing near the foothills
    of the Front Range. Time lagged HRRR/RRFS guidance continues to
    suggest that this evolves into a cluster with potential for strong
    to severe wind to continue downstream this evening. Though moisture
    is limited, very warm surface temperatures and steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates are supporting at least marginally unstable
    conditions downstream.

    ..Thornton.. 09/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 9 05:43:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 090543
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090541

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1241 AM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN OHIO
    INTO WESTERN NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the central Plains to the Ohio Valley on Wednesday. A more
    organized severe weather threat is expected from eastern Ohio to
    western New York.

    ...Synopsis...
    A belt of enhanced mid-level flow will move through the broad
    upper-level trough across Ontario, overspreading the Great Lakes
    into Upstate New York and Quebec. A cold front will extend from a
    deep surface low across northern Ontario south through the Upper
    Midwest and into the central High Plains. Isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorm activity is expected near the surface trough
    across the Ohio Valley into the Northeast and along the front from
    the Midwest to the central High Plains.

    ...Eastern Ohio into western New York...
    Across the eastern Ohio Valley into portions of the Northeast,
    strengthening mid-level flow will overspread the region with
    thunderstorms developing along the cold front and pre-frontal
    surface trough. Upper 60s to 70s dew points and filtered daytime
    heating will yield moderate instability amid ample deep layer shear
    for organization. Mode will likely be a mix of multi-cell clusters
    and transient supercells, with potential for damaging wind.
    Generally weak lapse rate profiles and quick mode transition to
    clusters/linear segments should limit hail and tornado potential.
    Nonetheless, as the low-level jet increases into the afternoon and
    clockwise curvature increases in hodographs a tornado may be
    possible.

    ...Ohio Valley to the Midwest and the central Plains...
    Morning convection will be likely across much of the
    Midwest/Mid-Missouri Valley into the northwestern Ohio Valley.
    Remnant shower activity/cloud cover will likely limit severe
    potential with northern extent. Nonetheless, isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorm activity is expected to develop by the
    afternoon along the front and remnant outflow from the eastern Ohio
    Valley through portions of the Midwest and into the central Plains.
    Flow will be fairly weak across the central Plains, with generally a
    marginal damaging wind threat with multi-cell clusters as daytime
    heating steepens low-level lapse rates amid deeply mixed profiles.
    Slightly better flow aloft may favor a more focused cluster across
    the Mid-Mississippi Valley into western Kentucky/Tennessee.

    ..Thornton/Chalmers.. 09/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 9 12:43:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 091243
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091241

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 AM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026

    Valid 091300Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL OHIO
    FROM WESTERN NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the central Plains to the Ohio Valley today. A more organized
    severe weather threat is expected from eastern Ohio to western New
    York.

    ...Synopsis...
    Early-morning satellite imagery show broad upper troughing from the
    Pacific Northwest/British Columbia through the Upper Great Lakes and
    Ontario. Several shortwave troughs are embedded within this larger
    upper troughing, including one moving into northern MN and another
    farther north across far northwestern Ontario. A belt of moderate to
    strong mid-level westerly/southwesterly flow extends between the
    base of these two waves. Expectation is the southern wave to move
    quickly eastward through the Upper Great Lakes and Ontario,
    accompanied by mid-level jet max.

    Surface analysis places a occluded low over far northwestern
    Ontario, with a cold front extending southward into western Upper MI
    and then back southwestward through central NE. An outflow-augmented pre-frontal trough precedes this front, extending from a low in
    southwest Lower MI to another low over northeast KS to another over
    far southwest KS/far southeast CO. Both the cold front and
    pre-frontal trough are expected to progress modestly
    southward/southeastward today. Two corridors of relatively higher
    thunderstorm coverage are anticipated this afternoon/evening, one
    from eastern OH into western PA/western NY and the other farther
    southwest from the Lower MO Valley into the TX/OK Panhandles.

    ...Central Ohio into western New York...
    Moist low-levels are already in place from the OH Valley into
    western PA and NY, with recent surface analysis sampling upper 60s
    dewpoints in central OH decreasing to the low/mid 60s across western
    PA and western NY. This moist airmass is expected to destabilize
    amid modest low-level moisture advection and filtered insolation,
    ahead of a convectively augmented vorticity maximum. With the cold
    front still well to the northwest, this vorticity maximum will be
    the primary impetus for thunderstorm development, augmenting the
    weak low-level confluence along the weak pre-frontal trough. A
    predominately linear/clustered storm mode is anticipated, but
    strengthening mid-level flow will support effective bulk shear from
    30 to 40 kt, which could support some more persist/organized line
    segments. Damaging gusts are the primary risk with any of these more
    organized segments. Low-level hodographs do show some notable
    curative, particularly from western PA into western NY after 00Z,
    amid a strengthening low-level jet. As such, there is a
    low-probability tornado risk is these areas.

    ...Lower OH and MO Valleys into the TX/OK Panhandles...
    Thunderstorm coverage is gradually expected to increase across the
    region this afternoon and evening, beginning near a surface low move
    across the Lower MO Valley before expanding back southwestward along
    the southward-progressing front. The stronger vertical shear will be
    displace north of the front, and a largely disorganized,
    outflow-dominant storm mode is anticipated. Slightly better flow
    aloft may favor a more focused cluster across the Mid-Mississippi
    Valley into western Kentucky/Tennessee. Steep low-level lapse rates
    and high cloud bases could support strong gusts from the Lower MO
    Valley into the TX/OK Panhandles.

    ...Southern AZ...
    Afternoon thunderstorms are expected over the higher terrain near
    the southern AZ/NM border. There is some potential this activity
    progresses westward into the lower elevations of southern AZ.
    However, upper ridging will be centered over this region and
    vertical shear will be weak, resulting in slow storm motion and
    disorganized, outflow-dominant structures. A few strong gusts could
    result from any more persistent updrafts.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 9 16:29:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 091629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026

    Valid 091630Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM CENTRAL OHIO INTO NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA AND WESTERN
    NEW YORK....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the central Plains to the Ohio Valley today.

    ...OH/PA/NY...
    A fast-moving shortwave trough now over WI/IL will track eastward
    today across the Great Lakes region. At the surface, the primary
    baroclinic currently extends from Lake Erie into OH/IN and will move
    eastward and be the focus for scattered afternoon thunderstorms.
    Strong heating and dewpoints in the 70s across much of OH and
    western PA will result in moderate CAPE values and steep low-level
    lapse rates. Sufficient deep-layer shear will promote organized
    storms with some bowing structures expected, capable of locally
    damaging wind gusts. This activity will spread into western
    NY/northwest PA by early evening before weakening.

    ...IN/IL/MO...
    The storms that form over OH will zipper southwestward along the
    boundary into a pocket of ample CAPE/moisture over parts of southern
    IN/IL into southern MO. Winds aloft in this area will be weaker,
    with less overall organization of storms. Nevertheless, a few
    storms may occasionally produce damaging wind gusts.

    ...TX/OK/KS...
    Widely scattered slow-moving afternoon thunderstorms will pose a
    risk of gusty/damaging winds in a hot/humid surface air mass.

    ..Hart/Guyer.. 09/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 9 20:04:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 092004
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 092002

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0302 PM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026

    Valid 092000Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FROM CENTRAL OHIO INTO NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA AND WESTERN
    NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the central Plains to the Ohio Valley today.

    ...20Z Update...
    Minor changes were made to the general thunderstorms forecast based
    on observations and recent guidance. Severe probabilities remain
    unchanged, however. See the previous discussion for additional
    information.

    ..Wendt.. 09/09/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026/

    ...OH/PA/NY...
    A fast-moving shortwave trough now over WI/IL will track eastward
    today across the Great Lakes region. At the surface, the primary
    baroclinic currently extends from Lake Erie into OH/IN and will move
    eastward and be the focus for scattered afternoon thunderstorms.
    Strong heating and dewpoints in the 70s across much of OH and
    western PA will result in moderate CAPE values and steep low-level
    lapse rates. Sufficient deep-layer shear will promote organized
    storms with some bowing structures expected, capable of locally
    damaging wind gusts. This activity will spread into western
    NY/northwest PA by early evening before weakening.

    ...IN/IL/MO...
    The storms that form over OH will zipper southwestward along the
    boundary into a pocket of ample CAPE/moisture over parts of southern
    IN/IL into southern MO. Winds aloft in this area will be weaker,
    with less overall organization of storms. Nevertheless, a few
    storms may occasionally produce damaging wind gusts.

    ...TX/OK/KS...
    Widely scattered slow-moving afternoon thunderstorms will pose a
    risk of gusty/damaging winds in a hot/humid surface air mass.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 00:42:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 100042
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100040

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0740 PM CDT Wed Sep 09 2026

    Valid 100100Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS A PORTION OF THE
    UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of mainly damaging wind gusts will
    remain possible through late evening from the upper Ohio Valley into
    the southern Plains.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley/Lower Great Lakes...

    Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing this evening along and ahead of
    a cold front from north-central PA into central OH within a moist
    air mass with the 00Z Pittsburgh sounding indicating MLCAPE of
    around 1000 J/kg. Moreover, the corresponding wind profile exhibited
    relatively strong low-level and deep-layer shear with effective SRH
    of around 250 m2/s2 and effective bulk shear of around 40 kt. So,
    while lapse rates and resultant instability are expected to weaken
    with the loss of daytime heating, the kinematic environment will
    remain supportive of transient supercell and bowing structures
    capable of locally damaging wind gusts and perhaps a tornado for the
    next couple of hours.


    ...Southern Plains into the Ozarks...

    A thunderstorm complex ongoing southeast of Kansas City this evening
    is located to the north of the synoptic front that stretches from
    central MO through far southeast KS and northwest OK into the TX
    Panhandle. Some cold pool organization is present per KEAX base
    velocity data, with recent reports of wind damage and wind gusts up
    to 59 mph. The air mass ahead of the storms has been slightly
    modified by convective outflow but still remains sufficiently
    buoyant to sustain the ongoing storms with a continued risk for
    isolated severe wind gusts through the remainder of the evening.

    Over the southern Plains, widely scattered thunderstorms continue
    this evening along and in the immediate wake of the front. The air
    mass ahead of the front remains hot with a deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer, which will remain supportive of locally severe wind gusts for
    the next hour or two.

    ..Mead.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 05:38:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 100538
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100536

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 AM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast Thursday afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles Thursday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough initially over the upper MS and mid MO Valleys
    Thursday morning will continue east into the Great Lakes and OH
    Valley with a preceding belt of enhanced mid-level flow extending
    into the Mid-Atlantic. Elsewhere, a vorticity maximum (possible MCV)
    is forecast to progress from western KS into the Ozark Plateau by
    Thursday night. At the surface, a cool front is expected to advance
    through the Mid-Atlantic during the forecast period with the western
    extension of the boundary settling more slowly south through the OH
    Valley, Ozark Plateau, and southern Plains. The location of the
    surface front is likely to be modulated by clusters of thunderstorms
    that are expected to be ongoing Thursday morning from portions of
    the OH Valley into the southern Plains.


    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...

    To the south of residual cloudiness and lingering showers and
    thunderstorms, a hot air mass is expected to develop by afternoon
    with temperatures well into the 90s to around 100 F over the
    southern Plains into the lower MS Valley, and upper 80s to mid 90s
    from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. While mid-level lapse rates will
    remain generally less than 7 C/km, the daytime heating coupled with
    dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield a moderately unstable
    air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from 1500-2500+ J/kg.

    The 00Z models indicate a gradual increase in thunderstorm coverage
    and intensity through the afternoon, aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with the mid-level disturbances mentioned in the
    synopsis, as well as convergence along the synoptic front and any
    existing outflow boundaries. The strongest mid/upper-level wind
    field and resultant vertical shear are expected to largely remain to
    the north of the effective warm sector. However, 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear is forecast along the front over portions of the OH
    Valley into the southern Mid-Atlantic, where some storm organization
    appears possible with the primary hazard being damaging wind gusts.
    Vertical shear will diminish with southwestward extent from the TN
    Valley into the OK-TX Red River Valley; however, the presence of a
    relatively deep, well-mixed boundary layer will be supportive of
    sporadic damaging winds with isolated severe gusts.


    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...

    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. The given environment will be supportive of
    multicell and supercell storm modes with an associated risk for
    large hail.

    ..Mead/Chalmers.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 12:46:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101245
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101244

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 AM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 101300Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...
    Recent surface analysis places the primary cold front from the St.
    Lawrence Valley west-southwestward through Lower MI, northern IL,
    and southern IA. The front then shifts more southwestward through
    central KS through the central OK and northwest TX Panhandles into
    far northeast NM. A broad area of showers and thunderstorms extends
    from southwest KS and the eastern TX/OK Panhandles through the Lower
    MO Valley and into the middle OH Valley. Much of this activity
    precedes the cold front and is supported by either modest low-level
    warm-air advection and/or convergence along
    southward/southeastward-progressing outflows.

    Strong heating is anticipated south of residual cloudiness and
    lingering showers/thunderstorms, with temperatures well into the 90s
    to around 100 F over the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley,
    and upper 80s to mid 90s from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. This
    heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from
    1000 J/kg across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity to 2000-2500 J/kg across
    the southern Plains. This increased buoyancy coupled with
    convergence along the synoptic front (and any existing outflow
    boundaries) and modest large-scale ascent should result in
    thunderstorm activity persisting throughout the afternoon and
    evening. Some increase in intensity is possible too, particularly
    from north-central TX in the Mid-South vicinity where buoyancy will
    be highest. The presence of a relatively deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer will be supportive of sporadic damaging winds with isolated
    severe gusts in these areas. Buoyancy will be more limited farther
    east, but vertical shear will be stronger, and some more organized
    bowing segments are possible. Damaging gusts will be the primary
    severe risk over this region as well.

    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...
    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. A few stronger storms are possible in this
    environment, with isolated hail as the primary hazard. Increasing
    low-level stability away from the terrain should keep the threat
    relatively confined and short lived.

    ..Mosier/Lyons.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 16:16:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101616
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101615

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1115 AM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 101630Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...
    Recent surface analysis places the primary cold front from the St.
    Lawrence Valley west-southwestward through Lower MI, northern IL,
    and southern IA. The front then shifts more southwestward through
    central KS through the central OK and northwest TX Panhandles into
    far northeast NM. A broad area of showers and thunderstorms extends
    from southwest KS and the eastern TX/OK Panhandles through the Lower
    MO Valley and into the middle OH Valley. Much of this activity
    precedes the cold front and is supported by either modest low-level
    warm-air advection and/or convergence along
    southward/southeastward-progressing outflows.

    Strong heating is anticipated south of residual cloudiness and
    lingering showers/thunderstorms, with temperatures well into the 90s
    to around 100 F over the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley,
    and upper 80s to mid 90s from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. This
    heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from
    1000 J/kg across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity to 2000-2500 J/kg across
    the southern Plains. This increased buoyancy coupled with
    convergence along the synoptic front (and any existing outflow
    boundaries) and modest large-scale ascent should result in
    thunderstorm activity persisting throughout the afternoon and
    evening. Some increase in intensity is possible too, particularly
    from north-central TX in the Mid-South vicinity where buoyancy will
    be highest. The presence of a relatively deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer will be supportive of sporadic damaging winds with isolated
    severe gusts in these areas. Buoyancy will be more limited farther
    east, but vertical shear will be stronger, and some more organized
    bowing segments are possible. Damaging gusts will be the primary
    severe risk over this region as well.

    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...
    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. A few stronger storms are possible in this
    environment, with isolated hail as the primary hazard. Increasing
    low-level stability away from the terrain should keep the threat
    relatively confined and short lived.

    ..15_ows.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 16:42:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101642
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101615

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1115 AM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 101630Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...
    Recent surface analysis places the primary cold front from the St.
    Lawrence Valley west-southwestward through Lower MI, northern IL,
    and southern IA. The front then shifts more southwestward through
    central KS through the central OK and northwest TX Panhandles into
    far northeast NM. A broad area of showers and thunderstorms extends
    from southwest KS and the eastern TX/OK Panhandles through the Lower
    MO Valley and into the middle OH Valley. Much of this activity
    precedes the cold front and is supported by either modest low-level
    warm-air advection and/or convergence along
    southward/southeastward-progressing outflows.

    Strong heating is anticipated south of residual cloudiness and
    lingering showers/thunderstorms, with temperatures well into the 90s
    to around 100 F over the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley,
    and upper 80s to mid 90s from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. This
    heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from
    1000 J/kg across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity to 2000-2500 J/kg across
    the southern Plains. This increased buoyancy coupled with
    convergence along the synoptic front (and any existing outflow
    boundaries) and modest large-scale ascent should result in
    thunderstorm activity persisting throughout the afternoon and
    evening. Some increase in intensity is possible too, particularly
    from north-central TX in the Mid-South vicinity where buoyancy will
    be highest. The presence of a relatively deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer will be supportive of sporadic damaging winds with isolated
    severe gusts in these areas. Buoyancy will be more limited farther
    east, but vertical shear will be stronger, and some more organized
    bowing segments are possible. Damaging gusts will be the primary
    severe risk over this region as well.

    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...
    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. A few stronger storms are possible in this
    environment, with isolated hail as the primary hazard. Increasing
    low-level stability away from the terrain should keep the threat
    relatively confined and short lived.

    ..15_ows.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 19:41:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101941
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101940

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    0240 PM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...
    Recent surface analysis places the primary cold front from the St.
    Lawrence Valley west-southwestward through Lower MI, northern IL,
    and southern IA. The front then shifts more southwestward through
    central KS through the central OK and northwest TX Panhandles into
    far northeast NM. A broad area of showers and thunderstorms extends
    from southwest KS and the eastern TX/OK Panhandles through the Lower
    MO Valley and into the middle OH Valley. Much of this activity
    precedes the cold front and is supported by either modest low-level
    warm-air advection and/or convergence along
    southward/southeastward-progressing outflows.

    Strong heating is anticipated south of residual cloudiness and
    lingering showers/thunderstorms, with temperatures well into the 90s
    to around 100 F over the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley,
    and upper 80s to mid 90s from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. This
    heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from
    1000 J/kg across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity to 2000-2500 J/kg across
    the southern Plains. This increased buoyancy coupled with
    convergence along the synoptic front (and any existing outflow
    boundaries) and modest large-scale ascent should result in
    thunderstorm activity persisting throughout the afternoon and
    evening. Some increase in intensity is possible too, particularly
    from north-central TX in the Mid-South vicinity where buoyancy will
    be highest. The presence of a relatively deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer will be supportive of sporadic damaging winds with isolated
    severe gusts in these areas. Buoyancy will be more limited farther
    east, but vertical shear will be stronger, and some more organized
    bowing segments are possible. Damaging gusts will be the primary
    severe risk over this region as well.

    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...
    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. A few stronger storms are possible in this
    environment, with isolated hail as the primary hazard. Increasing
    low-level stability away from the terrain should keep the threat
    relatively confined and short lived.

    ..15_ows.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 10 19:54:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101954
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101940

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    0240 PM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Sporadic damaging wind gusts appear possible from the southern
    Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail may occur over portions
    of south-central Colorado into northeast New Mexico and perhaps
    portions of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains to the southern Mid-Atlantic coast...
    Recent surface analysis places the primary cold front from the St.
    Lawrence Valley west-southwestward through Lower MI, northern IL,
    and southern IA. The front then shifts more southwestward through
    central KS through the central OK and northwest TX Panhandles into
    far northeast NM. A broad area of showers and thunderstorms extends
    from southwest KS and the eastern TX/OK Panhandles through the Lower
    MO Valley and into the middle OH Valley. Much of this activity
    precedes the cold front and is supported by either modest low-level
    warm-air advection and/or convergence along
    southward/southeastward-progressing outflows.

    Strong heating is anticipated south of residual cloudiness and
    lingering showers/thunderstorms, with temperatures well into the 90s
    to around 100 F over the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley,
    and upper 80s to mid 90s from the TN Valley to Mid-Atlantic. This
    heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s will yield
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon with MLCAPE ranging from
    1000 J/kg across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity to 2000-2500 J/kg across
    the southern Plains. This increased buoyancy coupled with
    convergence along the synoptic front (and any existing outflow
    boundaries) and modest large-scale ascent should result in
    thunderstorm activity persisting throughout the afternoon and
    evening. Some increase in intensity is possible too, particularly
    from north-central TX in the Mid-South vicinity where buoyancy will
    be highest. The presence of a relatively deep, well-mixed boundary
    layer will be supportive of sporadic damaging winds with isolated
    severe gusts in these areas. Buoyancy will be more limited farther
    east, but vertical shear will be stronger, and some more organized
    bowing segments are possible. Damaging gusts will be the primary
    severe risk over this region as well.

    ...Raton Mesa Vicinity...
    Upslope flow of a moist boundary layer beneath mid-level lapse rates
    of 7-8 C/km will yield moderate afternoon instability with MLCAPE of
    1000-1500 J/kg. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development is anticipated by mid afternoon along the high terrain
    amidst a vertically veering wind profile with up to 30-35 kt of
    deep-layer shear. A few stronger storms are possible in this
    environment, with isolated hail as the primary hazard. Increasing
    low-level stability away from the terrain should keep the threat
    relatively confined and short lived.

    ..15_ows.. 09/10/2026

    $$

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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 11 00:46:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 110046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110045

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 PM CDT Thu Sep 10 2026

    Valid 110100Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE SOUTHERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO THE SOUTH PLAINS OF TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat for widely scattered large hail and a few severe wind
    gusts is expected to continue through the remainder of the evening
    into tonight over the southern Texas Panhandle into the South Plains
    of Texas. Isolated damaging wind gusts appear possible over the
    Mid-South and vicinity tonight.

    ...Texas Panhandle into the South Plains of Texas...

    A cluster of strong to severe thunderstorms, including supercells,
    is ongoing this evening between Amarillo and Lubbock amidst a
    moderately unstable air mass with MLCAPE up to 1500 J/kg and
    effective bulk shear of 40-50 kt, per the 00Z Amarillo sounding.
    Hail in excess of two inches was reported earlier this evening near
    Amarillo with a more recent wind gust of 65 mph near Plainview.
    There is some signal in water vapor imagery for a weak disturbance
    moving into the northern TX Panhandle, which may aid in sustaining
    the ongoing storms through 03-05Z with a continued risk for large
    hail and a few severe wind gusts.


    ...Mid-South...

    Surface analysis indicates a convectively modified front from
    west-central AR into middle TN, with a pocket of locally stronger
    instability (i.e., MLCAPE up to 2000-2500 J/kg) near and to the
    north of the boundary, per latest mesoanalysis. Forcing associated
    with a subtle mid-level disturbance moving through south-central MO
    is contributing to a gradual increase in storm coverage this evening
    over far southeast MO into northeast AR. Time-lagged HRRR and RRFS
    ensemble data suggest that a further increase in storm coverage is
    possible late this evening into tonight over northern AR and
    southeast MO into portions of northwest TN and western KY. Regional
    VWPs indicate 0-6 km shear up to 30-35 kt, which may be sufficient
    to support episodic storm organization with an associated risk for
    isolated damaging wind gusts.

    ..Mead.. 09/11/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 11 05:28:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 110528
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110526

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1226 AM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE UPPER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of large hail, potentially in
    excess of two inches, a few tornadoes, and damaging wind gusts are
    expected over portions of the upper Mississippi Valley Friday
    afternoon into night. Storm development is more uncertain with
    southward extent into the central Plains, where a conditional risk
    for mainly large hail and severe wind gusts exists late Friday
    afternoon through evening. Isolated occurrences of damaging wind
    gusts appear possible from the Mid-South into the Carolinas and
    Virginia.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude short-wave trough moving onto the Pacific Northwest
    coast late this evening will progress through the northern Rockies
    before reaching the ND/SK/MB border region by Friday evening.
    Meanwhile, a preceding, lower-latitude disturbance is forecast to
    move through SD into MN on Friday with strengthening mid/upper-level
    winds and modest height falls accompanying these perturbations over
    the northern Plains into the upper MS Valley. Elsewhere, a vorticity maximum/weak upper low will drift east from the Ozark Plateau into
    the mid/lower MS Valley.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure over western SD at 12Z
    Friday is forecast to deepen slightly while developing into
    northeast SD by afternoon, before subsequently weakening while
    moving through central MN Friday night. The surface cyclone will
    coincide with a cold front that will advance through the northern
    Plains and the upper MS Valley. The trailing extension of the
    boundary will move more slowly south into the mid MO Valley and
    central High Plains. A dryline will precede the cold front with that
    feature extending from eastern SD through central NE into western KS
    by late afternoon. Elsewhere, a synoptic front modulated by
    convective outflow is expected to stretch from the Mid-South into
    the southern Mid-Atlantic on Friday afternoon.


    ...Upper Mississippi Valley into the mid Missouri Valley...

    A low-level jet (LLJ) is forecast to strengthen through the day from
    the mid MO Valley into the upper Midwest, enhancing the poleward
    flux of an increasingly moist air mass ahead of the surface low and
    attending frontal system. The moisture increase will occur beneath a
    plume of steep mid-level lapse rates with MLCAPE increasing to
    1500-2500+ J/kg by mid to late afternoon. Initial storm development
    is expected at that time across portions of northern MN along or
    ahead of the front, on the northern fringe of stronger capping.

    Vertically veering wind profiles with 40-45 kt of deep-layer shear
    will support supercells as the initial storm mode with the primary
    hazard being large hail, some of which could exceed two inches. A
    few tornadoes appear possible with any sustained supercells from
    late afternoon into evening when the strengthening LLJ enhances
    low-level shear with effective SRH increasing to 250-300 m2/s2.
    Storms are expected to gradually grow upscale along the cold front
    during the evening, at which point, the risk for damaging winds
    should increase.

    Severe weather potential becomes more conditional with southward
    extent along the front and dryline in the mid MO Valley owing to
    stronger capping and weaker height falls/forcing for ascent. The 00Z
    models (convection-allowing and parameterized) indicate a relative
    minimum in thunderstorm chances over eastern SD and southwest MN
    with increasing probabilities from northeast NE into south-central
    NE and north-central KS. Given surface-based storm initiation and
    sustenance, CAPE-shear parameter space will favor supercells capable
    of all hazards from eastern SD and southwest MN into northeast NE
    and northwest IA, with generally a wind and hail threat farther
    south along the NE-KS state line.


    ...Mid-South into the Carolinas and Virginia...

    Areas of thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing at 12Z Friday from
    the Ozark Plateau into the southern Mid-Atlantic. Stronger heating
    on the southern fringe any lingering cloud cover will combine with boundary-layer dewpoints in the low to mid 70s F to yield MLCAPE of
    1500-3000 J/kg by afternoon. Aided by forcing for ascent associated
    with the mid-level trough approaching the mid/lower MS Valley,
    thunderstorms are expected to increase in coverage and intensity
    through the afternoon along and ahead of the composite surface
    boundary. Weak vertical shear will limit storm organization with
    mainly pulse storms expected. Nonetheless, the presence steep
    low-level lapse rates and abundant moisture will be supportive of
    wet microbursts capable of locally damaging wind gusts.

    ..Mead/Halbert.. 09/11/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 11 12:28:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 111228
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111226

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0726 AM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026

    Valid 111300Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail,
    (some 2+ inches), damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes should
    occur late this afternoon into tonight across parts of the Upper
    Midwest. Thunderstorm development is more uncertain farther south
    into the central Plains, where a conditional risk for large hail and
    severe gusts will exist late this afternoon into the evening.

    ...Upper Midwest into the Central Plains...
    Primary large-scale upper troughing will remain over central Canada
    today, with an embedded mid-level shortwave trough forecast to eject
    eastward over the northern Plains into the Upper Midwest through the
    period. A modest surface response will occur across SD as the
    shortwave trough ejects eastward, with most guidance suggesting a
    sub-1000 mb low will develop into eastern SD by 12/00Z. A surface
    cold front attendant to this low and the primary surface low over
    central Canada will move east-southeastward across parts of the
    Upper Midwest into the northern Plains, with a dryline extending
    southward across the central Plains. A narrow corridor of 60s
    surface dewpoints will be in place ahead of the cold front/dryline,
    with diurnal heating aiding moderate destabilization along with
    steepened mid-level lapse rates. Most guidance, including recent
    NAM/RAP runs, show minimal MLCIN along/ahead of the front in far
    northeast SD/western MN by 22-01Z. Convective development appears
    likely in this time frame across this region, owing to sufficient
    low-level convergence along the front coupled with forcing for
    ascent associated with the mid-level shortwave trough.

    Various NAM/RAP forecast soundings show strongly veering and
    gradually strengthening winds with height through low/midlevels, and
    35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will easily support organized
    convection. Initial supercells should pose a threat for large hail
    (isolated 2+ inches possible), but convective mode will probably
    trend towards clustering fairly quickly given the presence of the
    cold front and strengthening low-level jet this evening. Any
    supercells that can remain at least semi-discrete into the early
    evening may also have a tornado threat with greater low-level shear
    forecast in this time frame. But, confidence in this scenario
    occurring remains fairly low due to the mode transition expected.
    Scattered severe/damaging winds should occur with any clusters or
    bowing line segments that can develop and spread eastward through
    the evening. However, the wind threat will likely wane with eastward
    extent across MN into western WI by late this evening given the
    narrow zone of destabilization forecast.

    Convective initiation and overall thunderstorm coverage from
    southeast SD/southwest MN into the central Plains are highly
    uncertain and conditional this afternoon/evening, as the better
    forcing for ascent with the shortwave trough will likely remain
    across western/northern MN along and northeast of the surface low.
    Still, a favorable thermodynamic environment and sufficient (25-35
    kt) deep-layer shear would conditionally support severe hail/wind
    with any thunderstorms that can develop and be sustained. There is
    some signal in model guidance for successful convective initiation
    across southern NE into northern KS late this afternoon/evening
    where hotter surface temperatures are forecast. The southern extent
    of the Marginal Risk has been adjusted to account for this
    possibility, and the Slight Risk has generally been confined to
    where greater confidence exists in robust thunderstorm development
    (far northeast SD into western/northern MN).

    ...Mid-South into the Tennessee Valley/Carolinas and Virginia...
    Two weak mid-level perturbations are evident in water vapor
    satellite imagery this morning across the Southeast: one over AR,
    and the other along the central Gulf Coast. These features will
    generally track east-northeastward through the day, and should aid
    additional thunderstorm development this afternoon. A stalled
    surface front extending from the ArkLaTex into the TN Valley and
    northeastward to VA should also provide a focus for thunderstorms.
    Current expectations are for generally disorganized/pulse-type
    convection to pose a threat for occasional damaging winds as diurnal
    heating destabilizes the boundary layer and steepens low-level lapse
    rates. But, modestly enhanced mid-level flow across parts of the
    Mid-South and VA could promote loosely organized clusters with some
    damaging wind threat as well.

    ..Gleason/Lyons.. 09/11/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 11 16:29:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 111629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026

    Valid 111630Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail,
    (some 2+ inches), damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes are
    expected late this afternoon and tonight across parts of the Upper
    Midwest. Thunderstorm development is more uncertain farther south
    into the central Plains, where a risk for large hail and severe
    gusts may exist late this afternoon into the evening.

    ...Upper Midwest/central Plains...
    An eastward-progressive belt of quasi-zonal westerlies exists over
    the northern half of the CONUS, to the south of upper troughing over
    the Canadian Prairies/central Canada, and the east of the amplifying
    upper trough off the coastal Pacific Northwest. Weak frontal wave
    development will occur from eastern South Dakota into Minnesota as a
    cold front spreads eastward, with the front eventually overtaking a
    pre-frontal trough/dryline across the central Plains.

    A narrow corridor of 60s F surface dewpoints are in place ahead of
    the cold front/dryline, with diurnal heating aiding moderate
    destabilization along with steepened mid-level lapse rates. Minimal
    MLCIN is expected along/ahead of the front in far northeast South Dakota/western Minnesota into/just after peaking heating. Convective development appears likely in this time frame across this region,
    especially across Minnesota, owing to sufficient low-level
    convergence along the front coupled with forcing for ascent
    associated with the mid-level shortwave trough.

    Strongly veering and gradually strengthening winds with height
    through low/mid-levels, and 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will easily
    support organized convection. Initial supercells should pose a
    threat for large hail (isolated 2+ inches possible), but convective
    mode will probably trend towards clustering fairly quickly given the
    presence of the cold front and strengthening low-level jet this
    evening. Any supercells that can remain at least semi-discrete into
    the early evening may also have a tornado threat with greater
    low-level shear forecast in this time frame. Scattered
    severe/damaging winds should occur with any clusters or bowing line
    segments that can develop and spread eastward through the evening.
    However, the wind threat will likely wane with eastward extent
    across Minnesota into western Wisconsin by late this evening given
    the narrow zone of destabilization forecast.

    Farther southwest, convective initiation and overall thunderstorm
    coverage from southeast South Dakota/southwest Minnesota
    southwestward into Nebraska and northern Kansas are more uncertain
    and probably more limited/conditional late this afternoon and
    evening, as the better forcing for ascent with the shortwave trough
    will remain regionally focused to the north. Still, a favorable
    thermodynamic environment and sufficient (25-35 kt) deep-layer shear
    would conditionally support severe hail/wind with any thunderstorms
    that can develop and be sustained.

    ...Mid-South/Tennessee Valley/Carolinas and Virginia...
    Multiple convectively augmented mid-level perturbations remain
    evident at midday in satellite/radar imagery, including over the
    Ozarks as well as the middle Gulf Coast in vicinity of southern
    Alabama. A stalled surface front extending from the ArkLaTex
    east-northeastward into the Tennessee Valley and Virginia will
    provide a focus for thunderstorms. Generally speaking, expectations
    are for generally disorganized/pulse-type convection to pose a
    threat for occasional damaging winds as diurnal heating destabilizes
    the boundary layer and steepens low-level lapse rates. However, a
    modest enhancement to mid-level flow across parts of the Mid-South
    (25 kt mid-levels per Little Rock AR WSR-88D VWP), as well as
    Virginia, could promote a couple of loosely organized clusters with
    a bit more of a focused damaging wind threat.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 09/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 11 20:02:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 112002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 112000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026

    Valid 112000Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail,
    (some 2+ inches), damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes are
    expected late this afternoon and tonight across parts of the Upper
    Midwest. Thunderstorm development is more uncertain farther south
    into the central Plains, where a risk for large hail and severe
    gusts may exist late this afternoon into the evening.

    ...20Z Update...
    The ongoing forecast remains mostly on track with most areas
    remaining unchanged. Given the signal for the cold front to push
    into northern Kansas by early Saturday morning, along with at least
    a modest low-level jet, marginal wind/hail probabilities have been
    extended into more of central Kansas for the conditional potential
    of severe storms overnight.

    ..Wendt.. 09/11/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026/

    ...Upper Midwest/central Plains...
    An eastward-progressive belt of quasi-zonal westerlies exists over
    the northern half of the CONUS, to the south of upper troughing over
    the Canadian Prairies/central Canada, and the east of the amplifying
    upper trough off the coastal Pacific Northwest. Weak frontal wave
    development will occur from eastern South Dakota into Minnesota as a
    cold front spreads eastward, with the front eventually overtaking a
    pre-frontal trough/dryline across the central Plains.

    A narrow corridor of 60s F surface dewpoints are in place ahead of
    the cold front/dryline, with diurnal heating aiding moderate
    destabilization along with steepened mid-level lapse rates. Minimal
    MLCIN is expected along/ahead of the front in far northeast South Dakota/western Minnesota into/just after peaking heating. Convective development appears likely in this time frame across this region,
    especially across Minnesota, owing to sufficient low-level
    convergence along the front coupled with forcing for ascent
    associated with the mid-level shortwave trough.

    Strongly veering and gradually strengthening winds with height
    through low/mid-levels, and 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear will easily
    support organized convection. Initial supercells should pose a
    threat for large hail (isolated 2+ inches possible), but convective
    mode will probably trend towards clustering fairly quickly given the
    presence of the cold front and strengthening low-level jet this
    evening. Any supercells that can remain at least semi-discrete into
    the early evening may also have a tornado threat with greater
    low-level shear forecast in this time frame. Scattered
    severe/damaging winds should occur with any clusters or bowing line
    segments that can develop and spread eastward through the evening.
    However, the wind threat will likely wane with eastward extent
    across Minnesota into western Wisconsin by late this evening given
    the narrow zone of destabilization forecast.

    Farther southwest, convective initiation and overall thunderstorm
    coverage from southeast South Dakota/southwest Minnesota
    southwestward into Nebraska and northern Kansas are more uncertain
    and probably more limited/conditional late this afternoon and
    evening, as the better forcing for ascent with the shortwave trough
    will remain regionally focused to the north. Still, a favorable
    thermodynamic environment and sufficient (25-35 kt) deep-layer shear
    would conditionally support severe hail/wind with any thunderstorms
    that can develop and be sustained.

    ...Mid-South/Tennessee Valley/Carolinas and Virginia...
    Multiple convectively augmented mid-level perturbations remain
    evident at midday in satellite/radar imagery, including over the
    Ozarks as well as the middle Gulf Coast in vicinity of southern
    Alabama. A stalled surface front extending from the ArkLaTex
    east-northeastward into the Tennessee Valley and Virginia will
    provide a focus for thunderstorms. Generally speaking, expectations
    are for generally disorganized/pulse-type convection to pose a
    threat for occasional damaging winds as diurnal heating destabilizes
    the boundary layer and steepens low-level lapse rates. However, a
    modest enhancement to mid-level flow across parts of the Mid-South
    (25 kt mid-levels per Little Rock AR WSR-88D VWP), as well as
    Virginia, could promote a couple of loosely organized clusters with
    a bit more of a focused damaging wind threat.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 12 00:30:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 120030
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120028

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0728 PM CDT Fri Sep 11 2026

    Valid 120100Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER FAR EASTERN
    SOUTH DAKOTA INTO PORTIONS OF MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing large
    hail up to two inches, damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes
    will continue through the remainder of the evening into tonight from
    far eastern South Dakota into portions of Minnesota. Isolated
    occurrences of severe wind gusts and large hail remain possible over
    parts of the central Plains tonight.

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley into the central Plains...

    A broken band of thunderstorms has recently developed from far
    eastern SD into north-central MN within a relatively narrow
    instability axis preceding a surface cold front and dryline. The
    presence of steep mid-level lapse rates (per 00Z ABR sounding) atop boundary-layer dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s F is resulting in
    MLCAPE up to 1500-2000 J/kg. As mentioned above, the corridor of
    stronger instability and minimal capping is rather narrow
    longitudinally, which suggests the severe weather threat may remain
    somewhat limited spatially into tonight.

    The KFSD VWP is likely indicative of the ambient kinematic
    environment, which features 35-40 kt of deep-layer shear and
    relatively strong low-level shear, supportive of a supercell storm
    mode with the primary hazard being large hail up to two inches.
    Tornado potential will be conditional on the maintenance of
    semi-discrete supercells residing within the narrow axis of minimal
    convective inhibition. Damaging wind potential may tend to increase
    by late evening as thunderstorms evolve into line segments.

    Additional storms appear possible late this evening into tonight
    ahead of a southeastward-moving cold front over portions of eastern
    and central NE. Similar to locations to the north, a relatively
    narrow zone of minimal convective inhibition and moderate
    instability exists ahead of the front, which leads to uncertainty in
    the areal coverage and duration of the threat. Severe wind gusts
    will be the primary hazard with any surface-based storms that can
    become established, though isolated occurrences of large hail are
    also possible.

    ..Mead.. 09/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 12 05:26:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 120525
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120524

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 AM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...OZARK PLATEAU...AND UPPER OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail up to two
    inches and damaging wind gusts appear possible over portions of the
    central and southern Plains into the Ozark Plateau on Saturday into
    Saturday night. Isolated occurrences of damaging wind gusts may also
    occur over portions of the upper Ohio Valley Saturday afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...

    A belt of enhanced mid/upper-level flow will persist over the
    north-central U.S., downstream from a vigorous upper low moving into
    the Pacific Northwest. Meanwhile, a lower-latitude trough over the
    lower OH and lower MS Valleys Saturday morning is forecast to weaken
    while progressing through the OH and TN Valleys. At the surface, a
    cold front will advance through the upper Great Lakes with the
    trailing extension of the boundary pushing south through the lower
    MO Valley and central Plains before linking with a surface low over
    the southern High Plains.


    ...Central and Southern Plains into the Ozark Plateau...

    Persistent capping across the pre-frontal warm sector and generally
    weak forcing for ascent lead to considerable uncertainty in
    thunderstorm evolution through the forecast period. A number of the
    00Z models (both convection-allowing and parameterized) indicate
    areas of thunderstorms ongoing at 12Z Saturday over the central
    Plains within a zone of modest warm advection and moisture transport
    associated with a weakening low-level jet. One possible scenario is
    for the continued southeast movement of the early-day storms through
    eastern KS and southwest MO into portions of OK and AR by afternoon,
    where a hot and moderate to strongly unstable air mass (i.e., MLCAPE
    up to 2000-3000 J/kg) is forecast to develop. The instability
    combined with around 30 kt of deep-layer shear would support
    organized cold pool development in that scenario with an associated
    risk for damaging wind gusts and large hail.

    Renewed storm development appears possible from late morning into
    afternoon from north of the front in south-central and southeast NE
    to along or ahead of the front in northeast KS. Up to 40 kt of
    deep-layer shear will coincide with the northern extension of the
    stronger instability mentioned above to support supercell storm
    modes with an associated risk for large hail up to two inches and
    damaging wind gusts.

    A separate thunderstorm regime may also evolve by mid to late
    afternoon over the eastern OK and TX Panhandles into western OK in
    the vicinity of the surface low and southward-sagging front.
    Forecast soundings indicate a deep, well-mixed boundary layer, which
    will be supportive of a few severe wind gusts and isolated large
    hail.

    Confidence in any of the above scenarios/regimes remains too low to
    include Slight Risk wind and hail probabilities with this forecast.
    A categorical upgrade is possible in subsequent Day 1 outlooks once
    finer-scale details become more clear.


    ...Upper Ohio Valley...

    A spatially narrow corridor of stronger heating and resultant
    instability (MLCAPE up to 1500-2000 J/kg) is forecast to develop
    during the afternoon between denser clouds and precipitation to the
    west, and a backdoor front/stationary boundary to the east.
    Thunderstorms are expected to increase in coverage and intensity
    through the afternoon within the instability axis, aided by
    increased forcing for ascent associated with the approaching
    mid-level trough. While mid-level lapse rates are expected to remain
    relatively weak, deep-layer shear increasing to 30-35 kt coupled
    with steepening low-level lapse rates suggests the potential for
    some storm organization with the primary hazard being damaging wind
    gusts. Backed low-level winds in the vicinity of the surface front
    will boost low-level shear slightly and a brief tornado cannot be
    ruled out as mature storms approach the frontal zone from the west.

    ..Mead/Halbert.. 09/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 12 12:50:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 121250
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121248

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0748 AM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026

    Valid 121300Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing
    large to very large hail and severe/damaging winds may occur across
    parts of the central/southern Plains into the Ozarks this afternoon
    and evening.

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Ozarks...
    Mainly elevated thunderstorms have persisted overnight into the
    early morning across southern NE into eastern KS/western MO, aided
    by a modest low-level jet. This activity will probably tend to
    weaken through the remainder of the morning, but some recent
    guidance suggests additional thunderstorms developing along its
    outflow across southern KS/northern OK over the next few hours. If
    this development occurs, it would potentially complicate
    destabilization and severe potential later today. Recent surface
    observations also show a fairly strong cold front draped from
    eastern CO into KS and northwest MO. This boundary will likely serve
    as a focus for robust thunderstorm development this
    afternoon/evening as well. With a rather moist low-level airmass
    forecast to be present along/south of the front, current
    expectations are for a narrow zone of moderate to strong instability
    (MLCAPE 2000-3500 J/kg) to develop this afternoon from the eastern
    OK/TX Panhandles into southern KS/northern OK. Weak low-level winds
    will veer to west-northwesterly and strengthen some with height
    through mid/upper levels, supporting around 30-40 kt of deep-layer
    shear and updraft organization. While large-scale ascent will remain
    fairly weak/nebulous across the southern/central Plains, most
    guidance shows at least isolated robust thunderstorm development
    along the front by 21-23Z as convective temperatures are reached.

    While there is still uncertainty regarding convective evolution and
    persistence of ongoing thunderstorms this morning, some signal
    exists in most recent short-term guidance that isolated to scattered
    convection will form along much of the length of the front later
    today in a rather favorable environment to support severe
    thunderstorms. Any sustained supercells would pose a threat for
    large to very large hail, with steep mid-level lapse rates and ample instability in the hail-growth zone supporting potential for 2+ inch
    diameter hail on an isolated basis. Somewhat higher-based convection
    also appears probable from the eastern OK/TX Panhandles into parts
    of southwest/south-central KS and northern OK, where a very
    well-mixed boundary layer with steep low/mid-level lapse rates
    should promote an environment that supports scattered severe
    downdraft winds. Some gusts could exceed 75 mph. The potential for
    clustering this afternoon and evening remains unclear, but some
    chance for at least isolated severe/damaging winds may persist into
    much of OK and the Ozarks, dependent on upstream convective
    evolution in KS/western MO.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    A narrow corridor of filtered diurnal heating and related moderate
    instability should develop across parts of the upper OH Valley this
    afternoon between denser clouds and precipitation occurring across
    OH, and a stationary boundary to the east. Thunderstorms will
    gradually increase in coverage and intensity through the afternoon,
    aided by forcing for ascent associated with an approaching weak
    mid-level shortwave trough. While mid-level lapse rates will remain
    poor, sufficient deep-layer shear coupled with modest steepening of
    low-level lapse rates suggest some risk for occasional damaging
    winds with any loosely organized clusters/line segments that can
    form.

    ..Gleason/Lyons.. 09/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 12 16:37:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 121637
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121635

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1135 AM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026

    Valid 121630Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing
    large to very large hail and severe/damaging winds may occur across
    parts of the south-central Plains into the Ozarks this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Ozarks...
    Scattered mainly elevated thunderstorms continue at midday across
    the region, including the strongest/occasionally-severe storms
    across southeast Nebraska into northeast Kansas that are occurring
    near/just behind a southeastward-moving cold front. Some severe hail
    will remain possible as these storms continue southeastward on the
    edge of the primary instability reservoir.

    This front, augmented by early day outflows, will otherwise serve as
    a focus for more robust thunderstorm development this
    afternoon/evening as well. With a rather moist low-level airmass
    forecast to be present along/south of the front, current
    expectations are for a narrow zone of moderate to strong instability
    (MLCAPE 2000-3500 J/kg) to develop this afternoon from the eastern Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles across southern Kansas and northern
    Oklahoma. Weak low-level winds will veer to west-northwesterly and
    strengthen some with height through mid/upper levels, supporting
    around 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear and updraft organization. While
    large-scale ascent will remain fairly weak/nebulous across the
    southern/central Plains, most guidance shows at least isolated
    robust thunderstorm development along the front by 21-23Z as
    convective temperatures are reached.

    Any sustained supercells would pose a threat for large to very large
    hail, with steep mid-level lapse rates and ample instability in the
    hail-growth zone supporting potential for 2+ inch
    diameter hail on an isolated basis. Somewhat higher-based convection
    is expected from the eastern Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles into southwest/south-central Kansas and northern Oklahoma, where a very
    well-mixed boundary layer with steep low/mid-level lapse rates
    will promote an environment that supports severe-caliber downdraft
    winds. Some gusts could exceed 75 mph. A degree of storm clustering
    could occur into this evening.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    A regional pocket of relatively cloud-free skies at midday will
    contribute to filtered diurnal heating and moderate instability
    across the region. Thunderstorms will further increase in coverage
    and intensity through the afternoon, aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with an approaching weak mid-level shortwave trough.
    While mid-level lapse rates will remain poor, sufficient deep-layer
    shear coupled with modest steepening of low-level lapse rates
    suggest some risk for occasional damaging winds with any loosely
    organized clusters/line segments that develop.

    ..Guyer/Wendt.. 09/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 12 20:02:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 122002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 122000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026

    Valid 122000Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms capable of producing
    large to very large hail and severe/damaging winds may occur across
    parts of the south-central Plains into the Ozarks this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...20Z Update...
    The SLGT Risk in the central/southern Plains was expanded
    southwestward across parts of western OK. Here, visible satellite
    imagery shows increasingly agitated boundary-layer cumulus and
    isolated convective initiation along the western portion of a
    remnant outflow boundary. Temperatures in the 102-104F range
    along/south of the wind shift will support scattered severe wind
    gusts with any clusters that evolve. Additionally, the 15-percent
    hail probabilities were expanded westward into parts of southwest KS
    and northwest OK. Given steep midlevel lapse rates accompanying an
    EML (sampled by the 18Z DDC sounding), initial semi-discrete
    supercells should pose a risk of scattered severe hail before
    clustering occurs. Elsewhere, the previous forecast remains on track
    and minimal changes were needed.

    ..Weinman.. 09/12/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1135 AM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026/

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Ozarks...
    Scattered mainly elevated thunderstorms continue at midday across
    the region, including the strongest/occasionally-severe storms
    across southeast Nebraska into northeast Kansas that are occurring
    near/just behind a southeastward-moving cold front. Some severe hail
    will remain possible as these storms continue southeastward on the
    edge of the primary instability reservoir.

    This front, augmented by early day outflows, will otherwise serve as
    a focus for more robust thunderstorm development this
    afternoon/evening as well. With a rather moist low-level airmass
    forecast to be present along/south of the front, current
    expectations are for a narrow zone of moderate to strong instability
    (MLCAPE 2000-3500 J/kg) to develop this afternoon from the eastern Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles across southern Kansas and northern
    Oklahoma. Weak low-level winds will veer to west-northwesterly and
    strengthen some with height through mid/upper levels, supporting
    around 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear and updraft organization. While
    large-scale ascent will remain fairly weak/nebulous across the
    southern/central Plains, most guidance shows at least isolated
    robust thunderstorm development along the front by 21-23Z as
    convective temperatures are reached.

    Any sustained supercells would pose a threat for large to very large
    hail, with steep mid-level lapse rates and ample instability in the
    hail-growth zone supporting potential for 2+ inch
    diameter hail on an isolated basis. Somewhat higher-based convection
    is expected from the eastern Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles into southwest/south-central Kansas and northern Oklahoma, where a very
    well-mixed boundary layer with steep low/mid-level lapse rates
    will promote an environment that supports severe-caliber downdraft
    winds. Some gusts could exceed 75 mph. A degree of storm clustering
    could occur into this evening.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    A regional pocket of relatively cloud-free skies at midday will
    contribute to filtered diurnal heating and moderate instability
    across the region. Thunderstorms will further increase in coverage
    and intensity through the afternoon, aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with an approaching weak mid-level shortwave trough.
    While mid-level lapse rates will remain poor, sufficient deep-layer
    shear coupled with modest steepening of low-level lapse rates
    suggest some risk for occasional damaging winds with any loosely
    organized clusters/line segments that develop.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 13 00:47:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 130047
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130045

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 PM CDT Sat Sep 12 2026

    Valid 130100Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms capable of severe wind gusts and isolated
    hail remain possible tonight across parts of the south-central
    Plains.

    ...South-central Plains and vicinity...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are ongoing this evening from
    southwest KS into northwest OK and the TX Panhandle, with another
    persistent storm cluster across eastern KS. Earlier storm
    development across central/northwest OK was driven by very strong
    heating in the vicinity of an outflow boundary, within a regime of
    generally weak deep-layer flow/shear. This activity is expected to
    generally weaken through late evening, due to the onset of nocturnal cooling/stabilization. However, isolated hail and strong to severe
    gusts will remain possible with any remaining storms through
    mid/late evening.

    Another surface boundary is located across southern KS, with moist
    low-level easterly flow in place between this boundary and the
    outflow boundary across OK. Short-term CAM guidance continues to
    depict persistence of strong to locally severe storms through late
    evening within this regime from southern KS into far northern OK and
    perhaps southwest MO, potentially aided by a modest strengthening of
    the nocturnal low-level jet. While this convection may tend to
    become increasingly elevated with time, favorable lapse rates and
    buoyancy and sufficient deep-layer shear (as depicted on the 00Z DDC
    sounding) will support vigorous cells and perhaps a loosely
    organized cluster, with potential for strong to severe gusts and
    isolated hail.

    See MCDs 2290 and 2291 for more information regarding the short-term
    threats in this region.

    ..Dean.. 09/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 13 06:00:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 130600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130558

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY INTO THE NORTHEAST...AND ALSO ACROSS PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible across parts of upper
    Ohio Valley and Northeast this afternoon and evening. Isolated
    strong to severe storms are also possible across parts of the
    central and northern High Plains.

    ...Parts of the Ohio Valley to the Northeast...
    A mid/upper-level trough is forecast to amplify as it moves across
    the Great Lakes region toward the Northeast through tonight. A
    surface low will move across Quebec, as a trailing cold front moves
    through the eastern Great Lakes and Northeast this afternoon and
    evening. The strongest deep-layer flow and large-scale ascent will
    tend to lag the cold front, but some strengthening of flow in the
    700-500 mb layer is expected across the warm sector this afternoon,
    resulting in favorable wind profiles for organized convection.

    Moderate buoyancy is expected to develop by late afternoon as CINH
    weakens, and widely scattered storm development is eventually
    expected along/ahead of the front. Despite the favorable wind
    profiles, weak midlevel lapse rates and modest ascent may tend to
    limit updraft intensity. Guidance continues to vary regarding the
    magnitude of severe potential, with the 00Z HRRR/RRFS more
    aggressive in developing organized convection (and possible
    supercells), while other HREF guidance depicts generally weak
    convection.

    Localized damaging wind and isolated hail may accompany the
    strongest storms. If later observational and guidance trends support
    the more aggressive scenario, then greater severe probabilities may
    eventually be needed.

    ...Central/northern High Plains...
    A mid/upper-level low/trough initially over the Pacific Northwest
    will move toward the northern Rockies and High Plains through the
    period. Diurnal destabilization will generally be limited ahead of
    this trough, though a narrow zone of moderate buoyancy may develop
    by late afternoon from northeast CO into southeast WY and the NE
    Panhandle. Isolated storm development will be possible, with
    sufficient deep-layer shear for at least transient storm
    organization and isolated severe hail/wind potential.

    While any diurnal storms may tend to weaken through the evening,
    elevated convection is expected to increase in coverage across
    western/central SD tonight. Moderate elevated buoyancy and
    sufficient effective shear could support an isolated severe threat
    with the initial elevated storm development across western SD,
    though storm interference and weakening buoyancy may tend to limit
    the longevity and eastward extent of the threat.

    ...Parts of MT into northwest ND...
    Increasing ascent associated with the approaching mid/upper-level
    low/trough will result in elevated storm development this evening
    across MT, which will spread into northwest ND overnight. Generally
    weak buoyancy is currently expected to limit organized severe
    potential, though small hail and locally gusty winds could accompany
    the strongest storms.

    ..Dean/Halbert.. 09/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 13 12:46:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131244

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 AM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026

    Valid 131300Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE NORTHEAST...AND THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe thunderstorms will be possible across parts
    of the upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast this afternoon and
    evening. Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may also occur
    across parts of the central and northern High Plains.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Northeast...
    Within large-scale upper troughing over eastern Canada, a strong west-southwesterly mid-level jet will overspread the Great Lakes
    into the OH Valley and Northeast by this evening. A surface cold
    front will likewise track eastward across these regions through the
    period. While a seasonably moist low-level airmass will be in place
    ahead of the cold front, poor lapse rates aloft (around 6-6.5 C/km)
    and cloud cover should limit the degree of destabilization that can
    occur this afternoon. Still, even with the thermodynamic environment
    remaining marginal, strengthening mid-level flow through the day
    will support 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear and the potential for
    organized convection.

    Current expectations are for isolated to scattered thunderstorms to
    develop along/ahead of the front by mid afternoon (around 19-22Z)
    from parts of OH into western NY, and then spread quickly eastward
    across the upper OH Valley into the Northeast. The deep-layer shear
    will be strong enough for supercells initially, with perhaps a marginal/isolated hail threat even with the poor lapse rates present
    aloft. But, clusters/bowing segments with an isolated damaging wind
    threat should quickly develop given the linear forcing of the front.
    This convection is forecast to weaken with eastward extent this
    evening with the onset of nocturnal cooling, and as it encounters a
    less unstable airmass. Confidence in a corridor of greater damaging
    wind potential remains too low for higher severe wind probabilities
    at this time.

    ...Central/Northern High Plains into the Mid Missouri Valley...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the Pacific Northwest this morning
    will move eastward to the northern Rockies/High Plains through the
    period. Diurnal destabilization will generally be limited ahead of
    this low, though a narrow zone of weak instability may develop by
    late afternoon from northeast CO into southeast WY and the NE
    Panhandle in a modest low-level upslope flow regime. Isolated
    thunderstorm development appears possible across this area, with
    sufficient deep-layer shear for transient updraft organization and
    isolated severe hail/wind potential.

    While any diurnally developing convection will likely weaken through
    the evening with the loss of daytime heating, elevated thunderstorms
    should increase in coverage across western/central SD towards the
    mid MO Valley late tonight into early Monday morning. Moderate
    MUCAPE and sufficient cloud-layer shear could support an isolated
    hail threat with the initial development across western SD, though mergers/interactions and weakening buoyancy will likely limit the
    longevity and eastward extent of this threat into the mid MO Valley.

    ...Long Island/Southern New England...
    Bands of precipitation with embedded thunderstorms are ongoing this
    morning across NJ into southern NY/New England. This activity is
    being aided by ascent associated with a low-amplitude mid-level
    shortwave trough. As this feature develops northeastward through the
    early afternoon, continued low-level warm/moist advection will occur
    across Long Island into southern New England. Most guidance
    continues to show minimal surface-based instability over land, with
    generally elevated thunderstorms expected. Still, given the modestly
    enhanced low-level flow/shear forecast, trends will be monitored for
    signs of surface-based instability/thunderstorm potential.

    ..Gleason/Lyons.. 09/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 13 16:42:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131641
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131639

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1139 AM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026

    Valid 131630Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible
    across parts of the upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast this
    afternoon and evening. Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may
    also occur across parts of the central and northern High Plains.

    ...Northeast and upper/middle Ohio Valley...
    Have upgraded portions of the region to a categorical Slight Risk
    with expectations of a semi-focused regional corridor of wind damage
    later this afternoon through early evening. Within large-scale upper
    troughing over eastern Canada, a strong west-southwesterly mid-level
    jet will overspread the Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley and
    Northeast later today into tonight. A surface cold front will
    likewise track eastward across these regions through tonight. A
    seasonably moist low-level airmass will be in place ahead of the
    cold front, but poor lapse rates aloft (around 6-6.5 C/km) and cloud
    cover should limit the degree of destabilization that can occur this
    afternoon, although cloud cover has tended to thin/abate since early
    this morning across the upper Ohio Valley. While the main influence
    of the upstream upper-level trough will not arrive until this
    evening, strengthening mid-level flow through the day will support
    35-45 kt of deep-layer shear and the potential for organized bands
    of convection.

    At least widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    along/ahead of the front by mid afternoon (around 19-22Z) from parts
    of Ohio into western New York, and then spread quickly eastward
    across the upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast. The deep-layer
    shear will be strong enough for some supercells initially, with
    perhaps a marginal/isolated hail threat even with the poor lapse
    rates present aloft. But, clusters/bowing segments with an isolated
    damaging wind threat should quickly develop given the linear forcing
    of the front. This convection is forecast to weaken with eastward
    extent this evening with the onset of nocturnal cooling, and as it
    encounters a less unstable airmass.

    ...Wyoming and central/northern High Plains to Missouri Valley...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the Pacific Northwest this morning
    will move eastward to the northern Rockies/High Plains through the
    period. Diurnal destabilization will generally be limited ahead of
    this low, though a narrow zone of weak instability may develop by
    late afternoon across southern Wyoming, and across northeast
    Colorado into the Nebraska Panhandle in a modest low-level upslope
    flow regime. Isolated thunderstorm development is expected with
    sufficient wind profiles for isolated severe hail/wind potential.

    Elevated thunderstorms should again increase in coverage across
    western/central South Dakota towards the mid Missouri Valley late
    tonight into early Monday morning. Moderate MUCAPE and sufficient
    cloud-layer shear could support an isolated hail threat with the
    initial development across western/southern South Dakota, though mergers/interactions and weakening buoyancy will likely limit the
    longevity and eastward extent of this threat into the mid Missouri
    Valley.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 09/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 13 19:58:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026

    Valid 132000Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    OHIO VALLEY INTO CENTRAL NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible
    across parts of the upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast this
    afternoon and evening. Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may
    also occur across parts of the central and northern High Plains.

    ...20Z Update...
    Minor changes where made to the ongoing forecast based on recent
    observations and model guidance. The overall forecast reasoning
    remains valid, however. See the previous discussion for additional
    details.

    ..Wendt.. 09/13/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1139 AM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026/

    ...Northeast and upper/middle Ohio Valley...
    Have upgraded portions of the region to a categorical Slight Risk
    with expectations of a semi-focused regional corridor of wind damage
    later this afternoon through early evening. Within large-scale upper
    troughing over eastern Canada, a strong west-southwesterly mid-level
    jet will overspread the Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley and
    Northeast later today into tonight. A surface cold front will
    likewise track eastward across these regions through tonight. A
    seasonably moist low-level airmass will be in place ahead of the
    cold front, but poor lapse rates aloft (around 6-6.5 C/km) and cloud
    cover should limit the degree of destabilization that can occur this
    afternoon, although cloud cover has tended to thin/abate since early
    this morning across the upper Ohio Valley. While the main influence
    of the upstream upper-level trough will not arrive until this
    evening, strengthening mid-level flow through the day will support
    35-45 kt of deep-layer shear and the potential for organized bands
    of convection.

    At least widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    along/ahead of the front by mid afternoon (around 19-22Z) from parts
    of Ohio into western New York, and then spread quickly eastward
    across the upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast. The deep-layer
    shear will be strong enough for some supercells initially, with
    perhaps a marginal/isolated hail threat even with the poor lapse
    rates present aloft. But, clusters/bowing segments with an isolated
    damaging wind threat should quickly develop given the linear forcing
    of the front. This convection is forecast to weaken with eastward
    extent this evening with the onset of nocturnal cooling, and as it
    encounters a less unstable airmass.

    ...Wyoming and central/northern High Plains to Missouri Valley...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over the Pacific Northwest this morning
    will move eastward to the northern Rockies/High Plains through the
    period. Diurnal destabilization will generally be limited ahead of
    this low, though a narrow zone of weak instability may develop by
    late afternoon across southern Wyoming, and across northeast
    Colorado into the Nebraska Panhandle in a modest low-level upslope
    flow regime. Isolated thunderstorm development is expected with
    sufficient wind profiles for isolated severe hail/wind potential.

    Elevated thunderstorms should again increase in coverage across
    western/central South Dakota towards the mid Missouri Valley late
    tonight into early Monday morning. Moderate MUCAPE and sufficient
    cloud-layer shear could support an isolated hail threat with the
    initial development across western/southern South Dakota, though mergers/interactions and weakening buoyancy will likely limit the
    longevity and eastward extent of this threat into the mid Missouri
    Valley.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 14 01:01:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 140101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Sun Sep 13 2026

    Valid 140100Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The organized-severe threat appears low for the remainder of
    tonight, though occasional strong storms will be possible this
    evening across the central and northern High Plains, and overnight
    into parts of the mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Parts of the Ohio Valley and Northeast...
    A broken band of thunderstorms is ongoing this evening from parts of
    the Upper Ohio Valley into the Northeast. Despite the presence of
    moderate deep-layer flow/shear, longevity of organized storms within
    this corridor has been limited by poor midlevel lapse rates and
    generally modest buoyancy. Sporadic damaging winds have been
    reported with the strongest of these storms, but a general weakening
    trend is expected to continue through the evening. Localized wind
    damage cannot be ruled out with any remaining vigorous storms,
    though longevity of the remaining threat appears too limited to
    maintain severe probabilities.

    ...Central/northern Plains into the Mid Missouri Valley...
    Isolated strong storms are ongoing near the NE/WY/SD border region
    this evening. While deep-layer shear and midlevel lapse rates are
    favorable, generally modest low-level moisture and buoyancy have
    limited the severe threat thus far. The time window for any
    remaining diurnal convection to intensify appears limited, though
    isolated hail cannot be entirely ruled out into late evening.

    Late this evening, elevated convection is expected to increase in
    coverage across the northern High Plains, and also in a separate
    band into parts of the mid Missouri Valley. Relatively favorable
    lapse rates and buoyancy may allow this convection to briefly
    approach severe limits, but generally modest deep-layer shear and a
    tendency for storm interference may tend to limit the
    organized-severe threat. Confidence in more than brief elevated hail
    potential is too low to include probabilities.

    ...Parts of central MT...
    Isolated small but relatively organized cells have recently
    developed to the east and south of Great Falls, in advance of a
    mid/upper-level low/trough approaching the northern Rockies. While
    favorable shear will continue to support occasional storm
    organization, very weak buoyancy is expected to limit organized
    severe potential through the evening. Small hail and localized
    strong gusts may occur with the strongest storms.

    ..Dean.. 09/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 14 05:44:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 140544
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140542

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 AM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN NE
    AND WESTERN IA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of eastern Nebraska into western Iowa late this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Eastern NE/western IA...
    A strong mid/upper-level trough will move eastward from the northern
    Plains into the Upper Great Lakes through tonight. A deepening
    surface low will move across the Canadian Prairies, while a
    secondary low may develop along a trailing cold front/surface trough
    across the central High Plains. This system will be accompanied by strengthening deep-layer flow from the central Plains into the Upper
    Midwest.

    Extensive elevated convection will likely be ongoing at the start of
    the period from the mid Missouri Valley northward into the Dakotas
    and western MN. In the wake of this early-day convection, rich
    low-level moisture (with dewpoints in the 70s F) is forecast to
    stream northward into eastern NE and western IA. This moistening
    combined with relatively steep midlevel lapse rates will support
    moderate to strong destabilization by late afternoon, while
    low-level and deep-layer shear will become increasingly favorable
    with time. The resulting environment will become conditionally
    favorable for supercells capable of all severe hazards.

    The strongest large-scale ascent will become focused north of the
    region by afternoon, and it remains uncertain if heating in the wake
    of morning convection will be sufficient to remove CINH within the
    most favorable environment. If a supercell can become established
    and move through this environment during the late afternoon/early
    evening, then large to very large hail, localized damaging gusts,
    and tornadoes will all be possible. While most guidance depicts
    storm development by early evening, 00Z CAM guidance continues to
    vary regarding the potential for sustained supercells, with
    relatively quick clustering possible. Even in the absence of
    sustained supercell development, the environment will be favorable
    for severe hail and damaging wind with any persistent clusters into
    the evening.

    ...Western/north-central KS...
    Strong heating is expected near/south of a surface trough across
    parts of western/central KS this afternoon. Scattered storm
    development is expected by late afternoon from western into
    north-central KS. Deep-layer shear will be weaker with southwest
    extent, but steep low-level lapse rates and 25-35 kt of flow in the
    850-500 mb layer will support potential for one or more loosely
    organized clusters with at least localized severe-wind potential.

    ...Four Corners region into AZ...
    Scattered storm development is expected later today from western CO
    and southeast UT into parts of AZ/NM, within an anomalously moist
    environment. The strongest mid/upper-level flow and deep-layer shear
    within this region is expected over parts of UT/CO, though it is
    uncertain if diurnal heating/destabilization will be sufficient for
    an organized severe threat in this area. Some threat for strong
    gusts and small to near-severe hail could evolve with the strongest
    storms.

    Farther south, flow will be weaker across AZ, resulting in generally disorganized storms. Localized strong gusts will be possible,
    especially in areas where stronger pre-storm heating occurs during
    the afternoon.

    ...Coastal NC...
    A cold front will move southward across NC through the day today.
    Large-scale ascent will generally be weak, though isolated storm
    development will be possible as the front encounters richer moisture
    and any sea breeze boundaries near the coast. Deep-layer shear
    within a northwesterly flow regime will be sufficient for organized
    convection, but poor midlevel lapse rates may limit updraft
    intensity and potential for an organized severe threat. Any
    sustained storms within this regime could produce locally gusty
    winds and small hail.

    ..Dean/Halbert.. 09/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 14 12:48:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141248
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141246

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 AM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026

    Valid 141300Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO WESTERN/CENTRAL IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms should occur across parts
    of eastern Nebraska into western/central Iowa this afternoon and
    evening. Large hail, severe gusts, and a few tornadoes all appear
    possible.

    ...Central Plains into Iowa...
    A seasonably strong mid-level shortwave trough with 50-70+ kt
    mid-level jet will advance quickly east-northeastward across the
    northern Plains and south-central Canada today. Mid/upper-level
    ridging will remain prominent over much of the Southeast and OH
    Valley. Between these two features, a belt of around 30-50 kt
    mid-level west-southwesterlies will persist across the central
    Plains into the lower/mid MO Valley. The primary surface low over
    the northern Plains this morning will develop into southern Saskatchewan/Manitoba by this evening, with a secondary surface low
    likely to form along/near the NE/SD border by late afternoon.
    Greater low-level moisture across KS will attempt to lift northward
    along a warm front today across the central Plains ahead of a cold
    front that will sweep southeastward across the northern/central
    Plains through the period.

    Ongoing convection this morning across the central Plains/mid MO
    Valley is being aided by warm/moist advection associated with a
    strong south-southwesterly low-level jet. This activity should tend
    to remain elevated and sub-severe as it tracks quickly
    east-northeastward through the late morning before eventually
    weakening. In its wake, destabilization is forecast to rapidly occur
    across eastern NE/western IA as rich low-level moisture quickly
    streams northward. There is still some variability in short-term
    guidance with the degree and northward extent of low-level moisture
    return through late afternoon across this region, which introduces a
    fair amount of uncertainty regarding how unstable the warm sector
    will become. Even so, a narrow corridor of moderate to strong
    instability (MLCAPE 2000-3000+ J/kg) appears plausible across
    eastern NE/western IA and vicinity by 21-00Z, assuming surface
    temperatures can warm into at least the low to mid 80s.

    Robust thunderstorms should develop along or just ahead of the cold
    front by late afternoon/early evening across eastern NE, with strengthening/favorable deep-layer shear for supercells initially.
    Large hail may occur, but modest lapse rates aloft and a quick mode
    transition to mainly clusters/line segments will probably limit the spatial/temporal extent of the hail threat. Nearly all guidance
    continues to show a favorable environment for tornadoes across
    eastern NE/western IA as the supercells/clusters spread quickly
    eastward this evening, with a 40-50 kt low-level jet aiding the
    development of ample effective SRH. But, various RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show lingering low-level inhibition,
    and it remains unclear whether convection will be able to fully take
    advantage of the strong low-level shear. Even with this uncertainty,
    a sustained surface-based supercell in this environment would
    conditionally be capable of producing a strong tornado.

    Otherwise, severe/damaging winds should become an increasing concern
    as clusters develop and spread east-northeastward. Weak instability
    with eastward extent in eastern IA and vicinity should limit the
    severe risk tonight. While deep-layer shear will be somewhat weaker
    with southward extent across the central Plains, at least isolated
    severe gusts may also occur with high-based/loosely organized
    convection that develops this afternoon from eastern CO into
    western/northern KS along a surface trough. Confidence remains too
    low in a more focused corridor of severe wind potential across this
    region to include greater probabilities with this update.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A band of elevated thunderstorms is occurring this morning across
    the Dakotas as large-scale ascent preceding the shortwave trough
    overspreads the northern Plains in tandem with strong low-level warm
    advection. Latest surface observations and recent RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show cool and stable conditions in the
    boundary layer, which limits confidence in an isolated severe wind
    threat this morning as convection moves quickly northeastward.
    Still, small hail and gusty winds may occur given the enhanced background/gradient wind field and sufficient MUCAPE present, with
    some convective enhancement possible.

    ...Southwest/Four Corners...
    Scattered thunderstorm development will occur later today from
    western CO and southeast UT into parts of AZ/NM as a fairly moist
    low-level airmass gradually destabilizes. Modestly enhanced
    mid-level westerly flow should be present this afternoon over parts
    of UT/CO, though it is uncertain if diurnal heating and related
    instability will be sufficient for an organized severe risk. Still,
    isolated gusty winds and small to perhaps near-severe hail could
    occur with the strongest thunderstorms. Farther south, flow will be
    weaker across AZ, resulting in mostly disorganized convection. Even
    so, localized strong gusts appear possible, especially where
    stronger heating occurs and steeper low-level lapse rates develop
    during the afternoon. Overall, confidence in an organized severe
    risk is too low to include 5% hail/wind probabilities at this time.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...
    A cold front will move southward across NC today. Large-scale ascent
    will generally be weak, though isolated convective development may
    occur as the front encounters greater low-level moisture and sea
    breeze boundaries over coastal/eastern NC. Deep-layer shear within a northwesterly mid-level flow regime will be sufficient for organized thunderstorms, but poor mid-level lapse rates should tend to limit
    updraft intensity and the overall severe threat. Regardless, any
    thunderstorms that can develop and be sustained in this regime could
    produce locally gusty winds and small hail.

    ..Gleason/Lyons.. 09/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 14 16:48:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141647
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141645

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 AM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026

    Valid 141630Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN
    KANSAS AND SOUTHERN/EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO WESTERN/CENTRAL IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms should occur across parts
    of eastern Nebraska into western/central Iowa this afternoon and
    evening. Large hail, severe wind gusts, and tornadoes all appear
    possible. Severe thunderstorm winds will also be possible across northern/western Kansas.

    ...Central Plains to Iowa...
    Well to the northeast of a warm front, semi-extensive elevated
    convection continues at midday across Iowa and the eastern Dakotas
    into western/southern Minnesota, although there has been a
    diminishing trend, and cloud cover otherwise remains semi-prevalent
    across Nebraska and western/northern Kansas.

    A key forecast uncertainty remains the spatial location of primary
    late-day surface-based destabilization and uncertain likelihood of
    deep convective development toward/just after peak heating. The
    semi-persistent convection, residual cloud cover, and
    autumnal-approaching sun angle (and ramifications for air mass
    recovery) may be factors for confining the most-favorable environment/surface-based potential to eastern Nebraska and western
    Iowa.

    This will be as a seasonably strong mid-level shortwave trough and
    50-70+ kt mid-level jet spread quickly east-northeastward across the
    northern Plains and Canadian Prairies today. While the primary
    surface low will likely persist across western Kansas, a secondary
    surface wave may materialize across east-central/northeast Nebraska.
    Greater low-level moisture across Kansas and the lower Missouri
    Valley quickly spread north-northeastward in tandem with a warm
    front, although its exact late-day disposition/placement is a bit
    uncertain. This will precede a cold front that will sweep
    southeastward across the northern/central Plains through tonight. A
    narrow corridor of moderate to strong instability (MLCAPE 2000-3000+
    J/kg) still appears plausible across eastern Nebraska and western
    Iowa into the 21-00Z time frame, coincident and roughly dependent
    upon surface temperatures warming into at least the low to mid 80s
    F.

    Robust thunderstorms should develop along or just ahead of the cold
    front by late afternoon/early evening across eastern Nebraska, with strengthening/favorable deep-layer shear for supercells initially.
    Large hail may occur, but modest lapse rates aloft and a quick mode
    transition to mainly clusters/line segments will probably limit the spatial/temporal extent of the hail threat. Most guidance continues
    to show a favorable conditional environment for tornadoes across
    eastern Nebraska/western Iowa as the supercells/clusters spread
    quickly eastward this evening, with a 40-50 kt low-level jet aiding
    the development of ample effective SRH. But, various RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show lingering low-level inhibition,
    and it remains unclear whether convection will be able to fully take
    advantage of the strong low-level shear. Even with this uncertainty,
    a sustained surface-based supercell in this environment would
    conditionally be capable of producing a strong tornado.

    Otherwise, severe/damaging winds should become an increasing concern
    as clusters develop and spread east-northeastward this evening, with
    other late-day high-based development also expected in vicinity of a pre-frontal boundary across southern Nebraska and northern/western
    Kansas. Regarding the eastern Nebraska/western Iowa regime, weak
    instability with eastward extent in eastern Iowa and vicinity should
    limit the severe risk deeper into the night. While deep-layer shear
    will be somewhat weaker with southward extent across the central
    Plains, at least isolated severe wind gusts may also occur with high-based/loosely organized convection that develops this afternoon
    from eastern Colorado into western/northern Kansas along a surface
    trough.

    ...Southwest/Four Corners...
    Scattered thunderstorm development will occur later today from
    western Colorado and southeast Utah into parts of Arizona/New Mexico
    as a fairly moist low-level airmass gradually destabilizes. Modestly
    enhanced mid-level westerly flow should be present this afternoon
    over parts of Utah/Colorado, though it is uncertain if diurnal
    heating and related instability will be sufficient for an organized
    severe risk. Still, isolated gusty winds and small to perhaps
    near-severe hail could occur with the strongest thunderstorms.
    Farther south, flow will be weaker across Arizona, resulting in
    mostly disorganized convection. Even so, localized strong gusts
    appear possible, especially where stronger heating occurs and
    steeper low-level lapse rates develop during the afternoon. Overall,
    confidence in an organized severe risk is too low to include 5%
    hail/wind probabilities.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...
    A cold front will move southward across North Carolina today.
    Large-scale ascent will generally be weak, though isolated
    convective development may occur as the front encounters greater
    low-level moisture and sea breeze boundaries over coastal/eastern
    North Carolina. Deep-layer shear within a northwesterly mid-level
    flow regime will be sufficient for organized thunderstorms, but poor
    mid-level lapse rates should tend to limit updraft intensity and the
    overall severe threat. Regardless, any thunderstorms that can
    develop and be sustained in this regime could produce locally gusty
    winds and small hail mainly across near-coastal far eastern North
    Carolina.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 09/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 14 20:02:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 142001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 142000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026

    Valid 142000Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN
    KANSAS AND SOUTHERN/EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO WESTERN/CENTRAL IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms should occur across parts
    of eastern Nebraska into western/central Iowa this afternoon and
    evening. Large hail, severe wind gusts, and tornadoes all appear
    possible. Severe thunderstorm winds will also be possible across northern/western Kansas.

    ...20z Update...
    Visible satellite shows an expansive area of persistent mid-level
    cloud cover over much of Nebraska and adjacent regions of northwest
    Kansas and western Iowa. Some attempts at surface-based convection
    are apparent over portions of south-central Nebraska. Latest surface mesoanalysis shows destabilization is occurring across much of
    Kansas where skies are clear, with northward advancement now
    occurring into central/eastern Nebraska as evidenced by 2232 J/kg of
    MUCAPE in an 18z OAX observed sounding. This trend expected continue
    into the early evening, with rapid destabilization occurring across
    southeast Nebraska and southwest Iowa as the low-level jet shifts
    east and intensifies.

    An elongated area of convection is still expected to develop, from north-central Kansas into south-central/eastern Nebraska and
    west-central Iowa, favoring supercell modes early. Despite the noted convective/environmental trends, the exact placement of convective
    initiation remains uncertain, as exhibited in the most recent
    HRRR/RRFS runs. Additionally, most guidance continues to suggest a
    quick transition to mainly clusters/line segments. Therefore, no
    changes were made in this outlook.

    ..Karstens/Wendt.. 09/14/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1145 AM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026/

    ...Central Plains to Iowa...
    Well to the northeast of a warm front, semi-extensive elevated
    convection continues at midday across Iowa and the eastern Dakotas
    into western/southern Minnesota, although there has been a
    diminishing trend, and cloud cover otherwise remains semi-prevalent
    across Nebraska and western/northern Kansas.

    A key forecast uncertainty remains the spatial location of primary
    late-day surface-based destabilization and uncertain likelihood of
    deep convective development toward/just after peak heating. The
    semi-persistent convection, residual cloud cover, and
    autumnal-approaching sun angle (and ramifications for air mass
    recovery) may be factors for confining the most-favorable environment/surface-based potential to eastern Nebraska and western
    Iowa.

    This will be as a seasonably strong mid-level shortwave trough and
    50-70+ kt mid-level jet spread quickly east-northeastward across the
    northern Plains and Canadian Prairies today. While the primary
    surface low will likely persist across western Kansas, a secondary
    surface wave may materialize across east-central/northeast Nebraska.
    Greater low-level moisture across Kansas and the lower Missouri
    Valley quickly spread north-northeastward in tandem with a warm
    front, although its exact late-day disposition/placement is a bit
    uncertain. This will precede a cold front that will sweep
    southeastward across the northern/central Plains through tonight. A
    narrow corridor of moderate to strong instability (MLCAPE 2000-3000+
    J/kg) still appears plausible across eastern Nebraska and western
    Iowa into the 21-00Z time frame, coincident and roughly dependent
    upon surface temperatures warming into at least the low to mid 80s
    F.

    Robust thunderstorms should develop along or just ahead of the cold
    front by late afternoon/early evening across eastern Nebraska, with strengthening/favorable deep-layer shear for supercells initially.
    Large hail may occur, but modest lapse rates aloft and a quick mode
    transition to mainly clusters/line segments will probably limit the spatial/temporal extent of the hail threat. Most guidance continues
    to show a favorable conditional environment for tornadoes across
    eastern Nebraska/western Iowa as the supercells/clusters spread
    quickly eastward this evening, with a 40-50 kt low-level jet aiding
    the development of ample effective SRH. But, various RAP forecast
    soundings across this region show lingering low-level inhibition,
    and it remains unclear whether convection will be able to fully take
    advantage of the strong low-level shear. Even with this uncertainty,
    a sustained surface-based supercell in this environment would
    conditionally be capable of producing a strong tornado.

    Otherwise, severe/damaging winds should become an increasing concern
    as clusters develop and spread east-northeastward this evening, with
    other late-day high-based development also expected in vicinity of a pre-frontal boundary across southern Nebraska and northern/western
    Kansas. Regarding the eastern Nebraska/western Iowa regime, weak
    instability with eastward extent in eastern Iowa and vicinity should
    limit the severe risk deeper into the night. While deep-layer shear
    will be somewhat weaker with southward extent across the central
    Plains, at least isolated severe wind gusts may also occur with high-based/loosely organized convection that develops this afternoon
    from eastern Colorado into western/northern Kansas along a surface
    trough.

    ...Southwest/Four Corners...
    Scattered thunderstorm development will occur later today from
    western Colorado and southeast Utah into parts of Arizona/New Mexico
    as a fairly moist low-level airmass gradually destabilizes. Modestly
    enhanced mid-level westerly flow should be present this afternoon
    over parts of Utah/Colorado, though it is uncertain if diurnal
    heating and related instability will be sufficient for an organized
    severe risk. Still, isolated gusty winds and small to perhaps
    near-severe hail could occur with the strongest thunderstorms.
    Farther south, flow will be weaker across Arizona, resulting in
    mostly disorganized convection. Even so, localized strong gusts
    appear possible, especially where stronger heating occurs and
    steeper low-level lapse rates develop during the afternoon. Overall,
    confidence in an organized severe risk is too low to include 5%
    hail/wind probabilities.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...
    A cold front will move southward across North Carolina today.
    Large-scale ascent will generally be weak, though isolated
    convective development may occur as the front encounters greater
    low-level moisture and sea breeze boundaries over coastal/eastern
    North Carolina. Deep-layer shear within a northwesterly mid-level
    flow regime will be sufficient for organized thunderstorms, but poor
    mid-level lapse rates should tend to limit updraft intensity and the
    overall severe threat. Regardless, any thunderstorms that can
    develop and be sustained in this regime could produce locally gusty
    winds and small hail mainly across near-coastal far eastern North
    Carolina.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 15 00:58:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150056

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0756 PM CDT Mon Sep 14 2026

    Valid 150100Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF WESTERN/CENTRAL IA AND FAR NORTHWEST MO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms remain possible tonight across parts of the
    central Plains and Midwest, with the greatest remaining threat
    expected from western into central Iowa.

    ...Western/northern KS into southeastern NE/IA/northwest MO...
    A broken band of thunderstorms is ongoing this evening from western
    KS into eastern NE and western IA. The western portion of this band
    may pose a localized severe-wind threat through dusk across
    western/northern KS, in the presence of a remnant well-mixed
    boundary layer and moderate deep-layer flow.

    Farther east, a narrow corridor of rich low-level moisture and
    moderate buoyancy resides from northeast KS/northwest MO into far
    southeast NE and southwest IA. Low-level shear/SRH remains locally
    enhanced across in the vicinity of the effective warm front,
    conditionally supporting tornadic supercell potential. However,
    ongoing convection has already become outflow dominant, and residual
    downstream MLCINH may continue to limit surface-based supercell
    potential this evening. Even if tornado potential does not evolve,
    the environment otherwise remains favorable for damaging winds and
    isolated hail as storms move eastward through the evening.

    Convection will become increasingly elevated with eastward extent
    late tonight, though the strongest cells/clusters may remain capable
    of producing isolated hail and localized strong/damaging gusts into
    the early morning hours. Other bands or clusters of elevated storms
    will also be possible in the wake of earlier convection across the
    central Plains, with moderate elevated buoyancy potentially
    supporting a brief/localized severe threat overnight.

    ..Dean.. 09/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 15 05:28:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150528
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150526

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1226 AM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTH-CENTRAL PLAINS INTO PARTS OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe thunderstorms may occur from the
    south-central Plains into parts of the Midwest this afternoon and
    evening, with at least isolated damaging wind gusts possible.

    ...South-central Plains into parts of the Midwest...
    A vigorous mid/upper-level trough will move quickly eastward across
    Ontario and the Upper Great Lakes region today, before reaching
    southern Hudson Bay and Quebec by this evening. A deep surface low
    will accompany this system, as a trailing cold front moves across
    parts of the central Plains and Midwest. To the south of the
    ejecting trough, an upper ridge is forecast to amplify over the
    Southeast.

    Persistent clouds and precipitation to the cool side of the front
    will help to reinforce the baroclinic zone as it moves southeastward
    through the day. The front will impinge on an increasingly warm and
    unstable environment by late afternoon, and scattered storm
    development is expected from the TX Panhandle into parts of the
    Midwest. The strongest mid/upper-level flow will be displaced north
    of the front, and low-level flow will tend to weaken through the
    day.

    This weakening flow regime, combined with gradual midlevel height
    rises and an eventual tendency for storms to be undercut by the
    front, results in uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the
    organized severe threat this afternoon and evening. However,
    seasonably strong heating and relatively large PW and buoyancy will
    support potential for localized downbursts and outflow-driven
    clusters, with attendant damaging-wind potential. Hail potential
    appears generally limited by weak midlevel lapse rates and only
    modest deep-layer shear, though small to near-severe hail may occur
    with the strongest cells.

    A relatively broad Marginal Risk has been maintained from the
    south-central Plains into the Midwest. Corridors of locally greater
    potential could eventually evolve within the broader risk area,
    especially near any pre-frontal outflow boundaries generated by
    early-day convection.

    ...Parts of UT/western CO...
    Anomalous moisture will remain in place across parts of the Four
    Corners region and Southwest today. The strongest deep-layer
    flow/shear will reside from UT into western CO, in advance of a
    mid/upper-level trough over the Pacific Northwest. While a few
    strong storms will be possible, generally weak heating and
    destabilization are currently expected to limit the magnitude of the
    severe threat. Small hail and gusty winds could accompany the
    strongest storms.

    ..Dean/Supinie.. 09/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 15 12:30:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151230
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151228

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0728 AM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026

    Valid 151300Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe thunderstorms may occur from the
    south-central Plains into parts of the Midwest this afternoon and
    evening, with at least isolated damaging wind gusts possible.

    ...Southern/Central Plains into the Midwest/Great Lakes...
    The primary mid/upper-level trough over central/eastern Canada will
    remain displaced well north of the surface warm sector today, with
    upper ridging remaining anchored over the Southeast. A surface cold
    front will make generally slow south-southeastward progress over the
    central Plains and mid MS Valley/Midwest through this evening,
    before eventually stalling late in the period. A seasonably moist
    airmass characterized by surface dewpoints in the 60s to low 70s
    will be in place ahead of the front from the southern High Plains
    northeastward to the southern Great Lakes vicinity. While lapse
    rates aloft will remain modest, daytime heating will support the
    development of moderate instability by mid afternoon along much of
    the length of the front (perhaps locally stronger across parts of
    eastern KS into MO/IL).

    Enhanced mid-level flow will tend to remain north of the cold front,
    but some veering and gradual strengthening of the wind field with
    height through mid levels should support sufficient deep-layer shear
    for modest updraft organization, especially from parts of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. Current expectations are for
    thunderstorms to gradually develop by 20-23Z along/near much of the
    length of the front as convective temperatures are reached. Loosely
    organized clusters capable of producing mainly damaging winds should
    be the primary concern as this convection spreads generally
    east-northeastward through the evening, especially where low-level
    lapse rates can become steepened. This appears more likely across
    parts of the southern/central Plains where stronger heating is
    forecast. Some chance for marginal supercell structures may exist
    from parts of eastern KS into MO this afternoon, with isolated hail
    possible. Considered greater wind probabilities and a Slight Risk
    across this region, but potential for an organized cluster remains
    too uncertain for an upgrade with this update.

    ...Southwest/Four Corners...
    A rather moist low-level airmass (surface dewpoints generally in the
    50s) will remain across parts of the Four Corners region today.
    Modestly enhanced west-southwesterly mid-level flow will persist
    from UT into western CO ahead of a mid/upper-level trough over the
    Pacific Northwest. While occasional strong thunderstorms appear
    possible, modest heating and overall weak destabilization are
    currently expected to limit the magnitude of the severe threat.
    Small hail and gusty winds could accompany the strongest cores, but
    confidence in organized severe thunderstorms remains too low to
    include any hail/wind probabilities at this time.

    ..Gleason/Mead.. 09/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 15 16:19:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151618
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151617

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1117 AM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026

    Valid 151630Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe thunderstorms may occur from the
    south-central Plains into parts of the Midwest this afternoon and
    evening, with at least isolated damaging wind gusts possible.

    ...Central Plains into Midwest...
    Moderately fast zonal flow remains across the northern US today,
    with the primary surface boundary extending from the TX Panhandle east-northeastward into parts of KS/MO/IL. This boundary will be
    enhanced by daytime differential heating, and will provide the focus
    for scattered thunderstorms along its length. Most of this activity
    will be relatively disorganized, but in an environment of moderate
    CAPE and steep low-level lapse rates favorable for occasional
    strong/severe downdrafts.

    One area of greater concern extends across northern MO into
    west-central IL. Morning CAM solutions suggest higher confidence in
    storm coverage in this area, and forecast soundings show sufficient
    deep-layer shear for organized multicell or occasional supercell
    structures. However, much of this activity may occur on the north
    side of the baroclinic zone with slightly weaker support for intense
    downburst winds. Warm temperatures aloft should limit hail concern.
    Therefore, have opted to maintain the MRGL risk category and
    re-evaluate at the 20z update.

    ..Hart/Chalmers.. 09/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 15 19:57:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026

    Valid 152000Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe thunderstorms may occur from the
    south-central Plains into parts of the Midwest this afternoon and
    evening, with at least isolated damaging wind gusts possible.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Southern Great Plains into parts of the Midwest...
    The forecast remains generally on track with only minor adjustments
    made to the existing outlook. Locally greater potential for a couple
    of damaging/severe wind gusts may exist across portions of
    south-central Kansas and northern Missouri where guidance continues
    to depict greater storm coverage in the vicinity of a surface cold
    front. The general displacement of enhanced deep-layer shear to the
    north of the boundary and better thermodynamic profiles farther to
    the south limits confidence regarding the occurrence of more than
    isolated damaging/severe wind gusts, however. Thus, have opted
    against a categorical upgrade with this outlook cycle. See MCDs
    #2300 and #2301 as well as the discussion below for additional
    details.

    ...Great Basin...
    Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms have formed across
    portions of the Four Corners region as of 1930 UTC. Latest objective
    analysis and regional observed 18z soundings indicate that weak
    buoyancy has developed amid deep, well-mixed boundary layer
    profiles. While these thermodynamic profiles may support an isolated
    strong to perhaps severe thunderstorm or two this afternoon,
    relatively weak low-level flow and fairly nebulous synoptic forcing
    for ascent are expected to preclude a more concentrated area of
    severe potential.

    ..Chalmers/Weinman.. 09/15/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1117 AM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026/

    ...Central Plains into Midwest...
    Moderately fast zonal flow remains across the northern US today,
    with the primary surface boundary extending from the TX Panhandle east-northeastward into parts of KS/MO/IL. This boundary will be
    enhanced by daytime differential heating, and will provide the focus
    for scattered thunderstorms along its length. Most of this activity
    will be relatively disorganized, but in an environment of moderate
    CAPE and steep low-level lapse rates favorable for occasional
    strong/severe downdrafts.

    One area of greater concern extends across northern MO into
    west-central IL. Morning CAM solutions suggest higher confidence in
    storm coverage in this area, and forecast soundings show sufficient
    deep-layer shear for organized multicell or occasional supercell
    structures. However, much of this activity may occur on the north
    side of the baroclinic zone with slightly weaker support for intense
    downburst winds. Warm temperatures aloft should limit hail concern.
    Therefore, have opted to maintain the MRGL risk category and
    re-evaluate at the 20z update.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 16 01:01:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Tue Sep 15 2026

    Valid 160100Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN TEXAS AND NORTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA TO THE SOUTHERN GREAT
    LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of severe thunderstorms, accompanied by a severe wind and
    hail threat, remain possible this evening across the southern High
    Plains to the southern Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad upper ridge remains in place across the central and eastern
    CONUS, with a low-amplitude trough currently located over the
    Pacific Northwest. Ahead of the upper trough, a 500 mb jet streak,
    accompanying a mid-level impulse, is currently overspreading the
    Upper MS Valley. As a result, weak surface troughing and northward
    low-level moisture advection are supporting a band scattered
    thunderstorms along the west-northwestern periphery of the upper
    ridge. Stronger flow aloft glancing the upper ridge periphery, amid
    moderate buoyancy, will support a few strong to severe thunderstorms
    for a few more hours, from the southern High Plains to the Lower
    Great Lakes.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Pulse cellular and multicellular clusters, with a history of severe
    gusts, continue to traverse a mixed boundary layer, characterized by
    low to mid 90s F surface temperatures. Despite the persistent warm temperatures, nocturnal cooling should eventually reduce severe gust
    potential. In the meantime, 1500+ J/kg DCAPE will promote adequate
    evaporative cooling potential with the stronger storm cores to
    support a short-duration severe gust threat.

    ...Northwestern OK to the southern Great Lakes...
    Scattered to widespread thunderstorms remain in progress along the west-northwest periphery of the upper ridge. Given the 500 mb jet
    streak over the Upper MS Valley, 30-40 kts of effective bulk shear
    is overspreading the upper ridge periphery, especially over northern
    MO, where the strongest storms are currently located. 1000-2000 J/kg
    MLCAPE overlapping the aforementioned shear will continue to promote multicellular clusters and a couple of supercells, accompanied by a
    severe wind and hail threat for at least a few more hours.

    ..Squitieri.. 09/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 16 05:55:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160554
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160553

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHERN
    UTAH AND EASTERN PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible across
    northern Utah and eastern parts of the Ohio Valley today.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level anticyclone will prevail over the southern Plains to the
    TN Valley as a stationary upper trough morphs into a cut-off upper
    low along the West Coast today. Multiple mid-level impulses will
    pivot around the anticyclone and overspread the Midwest to OH
    Valley, supporting occasional rounds of showers and thunderstorms.
    Given rich low-level moisture along the northern periphery of the
    mid-level anticyclone, a couple of strong to severe storms may
    occur. A few strong to severe storms may also occur over portions of
    northern UT as a pronounced mid-level impulse rotates around the
    developing West Coast upper low, resulting in overlapping cooler
    temperatures and stronger flow aloft.

    ...Northern UT...
    As the aforementioned impulse pivots around the evolving upper low,
    a 50+ kt 500 mb jet streak and corresponding 7 C/km mid-level lapse
    rates will overspread northern UT during the day. Surface heating
    will be limited given widespread cloud cover. Nonetheless, forecast
    soundings suggest that surface temperatures near 70 F may yield
    MLCAPE as high as 1500 J/kg given steep tropospheric lapse rates.
    Furthermore, stronger winds aloft that gradually veer with height
    will yield around 50 kts of effective bulk shear and elongated
    hodographs with some low-level curvature. Multicells and perhaps
    embedded supercells should be the primary storm mode, capable of
    isolated instances of severe wind and/or hail.

    ...Midwest into the OH Valley...
    Multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing at the
    start of the period (12Z Wednesday) and will continue through the
    period (to 12Z Thursday). Some intensification of storms may occur
    over OH and immediate surrounding areas with one weak impulse by
    afternoon peak heating. Assuming some appreciable insolation can
    occur, surface temperatures may rise through the 80s F, amid 70s F
    dewpoints, contributing to 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE. Given meager
    vertical wind shear, mainly pulse cellular and multicellular storms
    are expected. The stronger storm cores may produce wet downbursts,
    accompanied by an isolated damaging gust threat.

    Another mid-level impulse will traverse the Midwest overnight, with
    several CAM guidance members supporting nocturnal convective
    initiation over IA in the 03-12Z period. At the moment, the
    evolution of this convection is uncertain, so no severe
    probabilities have been added. However, should more established
    convection develop overnight, an instance of marginally severe hail
    cannot be completely ruled out.

    ..Squitieri/Supinie.. 09/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 16 12:47:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161245

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 AM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026

    Valid 161300Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST/OHIO VALLEY AND UTAH INTO FAR NORTHWEST COLORADO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible today across
    parts of the Midwest/Ohio Valley and Utah/far northwest Colorado.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley/Midwest into the Ohio Valley...
    In between upper troughing over Canada and upper ridging over the
    Southeast, a convectively augmented mid-level vorticity maximum over IL/northwest IN evident on radar imagery will track eastward today
    across the OH Valley/southern Great Lakes. While mid-level westerly
    winds will remain fairly modest across this region (generally 20-30
    kt or less), this feature should aid additional convective
    development this afternoon across parts of IN into OH and vicinity
    as a moist low-level airmass gradually destabilizes. Poor lapse
    rates aloft should tend to limit overall updraft strength, but
    locally damaging winds may occur with any loosely organized clusters
    that can form and spread eastward through the early evening before
    weakening with the loss of daytime heating.

    Most guidance continues to show thunderstorms developing late this
    evening (mainly after 17/03Z) over portions of IA/northern IL in a
    modest low-level warm advection regime. While MUCAPE will gradually
    increase across this region as low-level moisture streams northward,
    the potential for severe/damaging winds should tend to remain low
    since convection will remain elevated and well north of a stalled
    surface front. Cloud-layer shear also appears marginal to support
    supercells with hail potential. Given these limiting factors, have
    not included low severe probabilities at this time.

    ...Southwest into the Great Basin...
    On the southeast periphery of a closed upper low centered over
    northern CA, around 35-45 kt of southwesterly mid-level flow will
    persist today across parts of the Great Basin. Ongoing thunderstorms
    across eastern UT/northwest CO are occurring in a strongly sheared
    but weakly unstable environment. While occasional hail could occur
    with the stronger cores, current expectations are for renewed
    thunderstorm development later this afternoon as the rather moist
    low-level airmass gradually destabilizes with filtered diurnal
    heating. If any cells/small clusters can form, they would pose an
    isolated threat for severe hail/gusts. But, the limited
    heating/instability should temper the overall severe risk.

    Farther south across AZ/NM, numerous to widespread thunderstorms are
    expected to develop and spread northward through the period as a
    weak mid-level perturbation moves northward from the Baja California
    vicinity across the Southwest/Four Corners. Above-average low-level
    moisture (50s/60s surface dewpoints) is already in place over these
    areas, but modest lapse rates aloft and limited daytime heating due
    to widespread cloud cover suggest that instability will remain weak.
    Nearly unidirectional/southerly flow and modest strengthening with
    height through mid/upper levels should foster only marginal
    deep-layer shear to support updraft organization. While occasional
    gusty winds could occur with the stronger cores that develop, the
    threat for severe gusts appears too limited to include any
    probabilities with this update.

    ..Gleason/Mead.. 09/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 16 16:14:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161614
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161612

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1112 AM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026

    Valid 161630Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    NORTHERN UTAH...AND PARTS OF OHIO AND VICINITY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible today across
    parts of the Midwest/Ohio Valley and Utah/far northwest Colorado.

    ...OH and Vicinity...
    Morning visible satellite imagery shows broken cloud cover across
    much of OH, which will allow pockets of heating/destabilization and
    lead to moderate CAPE values by mid-afternoon. Widely scattered
    thunderstorm development is expected, in a regime of relatively weak
    westerly flow aloft and poor lapse rates. PWAT values approaching 2
    inches and rather steep low-level lapse rates could result in
    precip-loaded downdrafts capable of strong or occasionally damaging
    winds.

    ...UT...
    Moisture has increased across UT over the past 24 hours, with
    dewpoints now in the low-mid 50s and PWAT values over 1 inch. This
    along with ample heating will lead to scattered afternoon
    thunderstorms. A band of 35-45 knot southwesterly mid-level winds
    across this area will provide sufficient deep-layer shear for a few
    rotating storms capable of hail and gusty winds.

    ..Hart/Chalmers.. 09/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 16 19:34:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161934
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161932

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026

    Valid 162000Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    NORTHERN UTAH AND PARTS OF OHIO AND VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible today across
    parts of the Midwest/Ohio Valley and Utah/far northwest Colorado.

    ...20z Update...
    The forecast remains generally on track with only minor changes made
    to the existing outlook. See the discussion below for additional
    details.

    ..Chalmers/Weinman.. 09/16/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1112 AM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026/

    ...OH and Vicinity...
    Morning visible satellite imagery shows broken cloud cover across
    much of OH, which will allow pockets of heating/destabilization and
    lead to moderate CAPE values by mid-afternoon. Widely scattered
    thunderstorm development is expected, in a regime of relatively weak
    westerly flow aloft and poor lapse rates. PWAT values approaching 2
    inches and rather steep low-level lapse rates could result in
    precip-loaded downdrafts capable of strong or occasionally damaging
    winds.

    ...UT...
    Moisture has increased across UT over the past 24 hours, with
    dewpoints now in the low-mid 50s and PWAT values over 1 inch. This
    along with ample heating will lead to scattered afternoon
    thunderstorms. A band of 35-45 knot southwesterly mid-level winds
    across this area will provide sufficient deep-layer shear for a few
    rotating storms capable of hail and gusty winds.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 17 00:52:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170052
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170050

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0750 PM CDT Wed Sep 16 2026

    Valid 170100Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY AND IN NORTH-CENTRAL UTAH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible early this
    evening across parts of the Ohio Valley and in north-central Utah.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a distinct low-amplitude
    shortwave trough in southwest Ontario extending southward toward the
    Ohio Valley. At the surface, a quasi-stationary front is located
    from central Illinois east-northeastward into central Ohio. The
    shortwave trough is providing large-ascent, supportive of scattered thunderstorms ongoing near the front mainly across Ohio. South of
    the front, surface dewpoints are in the mid 70s F, which is
    contributing to moderate instability with MLCAPE estimated by the
    RAP in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range. The Wilmington, Ohio 00Z
    sounding has 0-3 km lapse rates near 7.5 C/km, and the latest
    WSR-88D VWP from Wilmington has 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 35 knot
    range. This should be sufficient for a marginal severe threat for a
    couple more hours this evening, with isolated wind damage possible.

    ...North-central Utah...
    An upper-level low-pressure system is currently located near the
    West Coast. Water vapor imagery shows a dry slot along the
    southeastern periphery of the system from southern California into
    western Utah. Thunderstorms are forming along the eastern edge of
    the dry slot across north-central Utah, where large-scale ascent
    appears to be maximized. Surface dewpoints in the 50s F with 500 mb temperatures near -8 C are contributing to weak instability in
    north-central Utah, with MLCAPE estimated by the RAP around 1000
    J/kg. RAP forecast soundings suggest that low to mid-level lapse
    rates are near 7 C/km. This should be steep enough, along with
    moderate deep-layer shear, for isolated severe wind gusts and hail
    early this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 09/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 17 05:49:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170549
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170547

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST AND IN THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible in parts of the Intermountain West late this afternoon and
    early this evening. A few strong gusts may also occur in parts of
    the central High Plains.

    ...Intermountain West...
    An upper-level low will move inland into the Intermountain West
    today, as southwest flow remains at mid-levels over much of the
    region. At the surface, a trough will deepen from southern Idaho
    into western Utah. To the east of the trough, dewpoints in the 50s
    F, will contribute to weak instability by afternoon. As surface
    temperatures warm, thunderstorms will develop in the higher terrain.
    RAP forecast soundings to the east of the trough at 00Z have 0-6 km
    shear in the 30 to 40 knot range. In addition, low to mid-level
    lapse rates are forecast to be in the 6.5 to 7.5 C/km range. This
    environment will likely support an isolated threat for severe gusts
    and hail. The threat should be concentrated during the late
    afternoon and early evening, as cell coverage maximizes near the
    instability axis.

    ...Central High Plains...
    An upper-level ridge will move eastward today across the
    north-central U.S, as a shortwave trough embedded in the ridge moves
    through the central High Plains. At the surface, a warm front is
    forecast to move slowly northward across southern and western
    Nebraska this afternoon. An axis of moisture, with surface dewpoints
    in the 60s and 70s F, will be oriented north of the front from the
    mid Missouri Valley west-northwestward into the central High Plains.
    During the late afternoon, scattered thunderstorms are expected to
    develop near the shortwave trough, with storms moving gradually
    northeastward across the central High Plains. Forecast soundings
    near the area of greatest expected convective coverage have moderate
    deep-layer shear suggesting an isolated severe threat will be
    possible. However, lapse rates are forecast to be poor, which should
    keep any severe threat marginal. If storms near the front can remain
    nearly surface-based, then an isolated wind-damage threat could
    develop, mainly during the early to mid evening, as low-level flow
    increases.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 17 12:35:40 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026

    Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    UTAH/IDAHO INTO SOUTHWEST MONTANA...AND THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible over parts of the Intermountain West this afternoon and
    evening. A few strong to severe gusts may also occur across portions
    of the central High Plains.

    ...Utah/Idaho into Southwest Montana...
    A closed mid/upper-level low over northern CA this morning will
    slowly develop eastward today across the northern Intermountain
    region. A 40-50 kt southwesterly mid-level jet and difluence aloft
    will overspread parts of the northern Great Basin through this
    afternoon. Large-scale ascent will likewise further increase through
    the day across this region, with additional thunderstorm development anticipated. The primary uncertainty regarding the severe risk
    remains how much instability will develop given the prevalence of
    clouds and ongoing precipitation this morning. With upper 40s to low
    50s surface dewpoints already in place, some guidance suggests
    sufficient diurnal heating in tandem with cool temperatures aloft
    will support up to 1000-1250 J/kg of MLCAPE over southeast
    ID/northern UT and vicinity this afternoon. If this occurs, then a
    focused corridor of greater severe hail/wind potential may exist
    across these areas, as deep-layer shear will be strong enough to
    support supercells. Otherwise, a broader risk for isolated
    hail/gusty winds will exist across the northern Great Basin with any cells/small clusters that can develop.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Between a mid/upper-level low over the West Coast and upper ridging
    over the Southeast/southern Plains, multiple minor mid-level
    perturbations should move northeastward from the Southwest/southern
    Rockies towards the central High Plains by this evening. One leading
    mid-level vorticity maximum aiding showers and isolated
    thunderstorms across NM this morning should support additional
    convective development across northeast CO into western NE and
    vicinity by late afternoon. While low-level moisture and related
    instability should gradually increase across this region through the
    day, mid-level lapse rates should remain modest. This will probably
    tend to limit updraft intensity, but sufficient deep-layer shear
    should be present for some convective organization. A small cluster
    or two could eventually evolve and pose some risk for isolated
    severe gusts as they spread east-northeastward across the central
    High Plains through the evening.

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Ongoing convection across the Midwest has remained slightly elevated
    to the north of a surface front through the early morning. Current
    expectations are for this activity to move east-southeastward
    through the rest of the morning in a weakly unstable environment.
    Various observed 00/12Z soundings downstream across the OH Valley
    and southern Mid-Atlantic show very poor lapse rates aloft (i.e.,
    around 4.7-5 C/km in the 700-500 mb layer), which will likely hinder
    robust updraft intensities. Furthermore, visible satellite imagery
    shows extensive cloudiness present across these regions. This will
    slow/dampen diurnal heating and related steepening of low-level
    lapse rates. While strong/gusty winds may still occur with
    convection that develops/spreads southeastward through the day, the
    overall risk for severe/damaging winds appears too limited for 5%
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Gleason/Mead.. 09/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 17 16:12:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171612
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171610

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1110 AM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026

    Valid 171630Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF IDAHO/UTAH...AND A SMALL PART OF THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible over parts of the Intermountain West this afternoon and
    evening. A few strong to severe gusts may also occur across portions
    of the central High Plains.

    ...ID/UT...
    Morning water vapor imagery shows an upper low over northern CA,
    with a band of strong flow aloft with associated embedded shortwave
    troughs extending across NV into UT/ID. Strong heating across this
    area will aid in the development of scattered thunderstorms from
    southern ID into northern UT by mid-afternoon. Sufficient vertical
    shear is present for rotating updrafts capable of large hail and
    gusty/damaging winds. While coverage of storms will likely be
    limited, one or two severe cells are expected later today - mainly
    over the eastern Snake River Plain.

    ...CO/KS/NE...
    The remnants of a weak tropical low are tracking northeastward
    across the four-corners region this morning. Ample moisture and
    weak ascent associated with this feature will lead to considerable
    clouds and scattered thunderstorms today over the mountains of CO
    and southern WY. This activity will spread eastward into eastern CO
    and western NE/KS with high-based convection posing a risk of
    locally damaging wind gusts. The extent of this severe threat will
    be modulated by daytime heating, which is uncertain at this time due
    to lingering cloud cover.

    ..Hart/Chalmers.. 09/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 17 19:49:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171949
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171947

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0247 PM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026

    Valid 172000Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF IDAHO/UTAH AND A SMALL PART OF THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible over parts of the Intermountain West this afternoon and
    evening. A few strong to severe gusts may also occur across portions
    of the central High Plains.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update as the
    forecast remains generally on track. See MCD #2304 and the
    discussion below for additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Weinman.. 09/17/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1110 AM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026/

    ...ID/UT...
    Morning water vapor imagery shows an upper low over northern CA,
    with a band of strong flow aloft with associated embedded shortwave
    troughs extending across NV into UT/ID. Strong heating across this
    area will aid in the development of scattered thunderstorms from
    southern ID into northern UT by mid-afternoon. Sufficient vertical
    shear is present for rotating updrafts capable of large hail and
    gusty/damaging winds. While coverage of storms will likely be
    limited, one or two severe cells are expected later today - mainly
    over the eastern Snake River Plain.

    ...CO/KS/NE...
    The remnants of a weak tropical low are tracking northeastward
    across the four-corners region this morning. Ample moisture and
    weak ascent associated with this feature will lead to considerable
    clouds and scattered thunderstorms today over the mountains of CO
    and southern WY. This activity will spread eastward into eastern CO
    and western NE/KS with high-based convection posing a risk of
    locally damaging wind gusts. The extent of this severe threat will
    be modulated by daytime heating, which is uncertain at this time due
    to lingering cloud cover.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 18 00:43:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180043
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180041

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 PM CDT Thu Sep 17 2026

    Valid 180100Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible over parts of the Intermountain West early this evening. A
    few strong to severe gusts may also occur across parts of the
    central High Plains.

    ...Intermountain West...
    An upper-level low is currently located over northern California,
    evident on water vapor imagery. Mid-level flow is southwesterly over
    much of the Intermountain West with a dry slot located from southern
    Nevada northeastward into northern Utah and southeast Idaho.
    Scattered thunderstorms have developed within the nose of the dry
    slot from north-central Utah into eastern Idaho. Within this zone,
    the RAP has a pocket of instability with MLCAPE in the 1000 to 1200
    J/kg range. In addition, the WSR-88D VWP near Pocatello, Idaho has
    0-6 km shear near 40 knots. RAP forecast soundings in the vicinity
    have low to mid-level lapse rates around 8 C/km. This environment
    should support a threat for hail and isolated severe gusts for a
    couple more hours this evening.

    ...Central High Plains...
    On water vapor imagery, a mid-level shortwave trough is currently
    located in the central Rockies. This feature will move into the
    central High Plains this evening. At the surface, a warm front is
    located from northern Kansas into southwest Nebraska. The front will
    move northward into west-central Nebraska this evening. To the north
    of the front, a moist axis is present with surface dewpoints from
    the mid 60s to the lower 70s F. Near the moist axis, the RAP has
    MLCAPE in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range. In addition, the regional
    WSR-88D VWP near North Platte has 0-6 km shear around 45 knots,
    which will support an isolated wind-damage threat for a few more
    hours this evening. Lapse rates are poor which will keep any severe
    threat marginal.

    ..Broyles.. 09/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 18 05:57:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180557
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180555

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE CAROLINAS INTO NORTHERN GEORGIA...IN THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY AND
    IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts may develop late this
    afternoon and early this evening from the Carolinas into northern
    Georgia, and in the mid Missouri Valley. Isolated severe gusts and
    hail will also be possible in parts of the Intermountain West.

    ...Carolinas/Northern Georgia...
    At the surface, a cold front will move southward into the
    Mid-Atlantic today. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass will be in
    place over much of the Carolinas extending southwestward into
    northern Georgia. Surface dewpoints within this airmass will be in
    the 60s to near 70 F. As surface temperatures warm today, an axis of
    moderate instability will develop along the moist axis. In response
    to surface heating, scattered thunderstorms will form in the higher
    terrain of the southern Appalachians and move southward into the
    southern Appalachian foothills. The thermodynamic environment may be
    enough to support an isolated wind-damage threat, mainly in the late
    afternoon and early evening when low-level lapse rates become
    steepest.

    ...Eastern Nebraska/Iowa...
    Mid-level heights will gradually fall today over much of the
    north-central U.S., as a ridge pattern breaks down. At the surface,
    a well-defined moist axis will be in place from the mid Mississippi
    Valley northwestward into the mid Missouri Valley. Surface dewpoints
    along and near this axis will be in the lower to mid 70s F. In
    response to surface heating, a reservoir of moderate instability
    will be in place by afternoon over much of Iowa. Low-level
    convergence is forecast to become maximized during the afternoon
    along the instability axis, and further west to near a surface low
    over the mid Missouri Valley. Thunderstorm development will be most
    likely this afternoon on the northern end of the stronger
    instability from far southeast Minnesota into northern Iowa. Enough
    instability and deep-layer shear should be in place for isolated
    severe wind gusts. Although conditional, the threat could develop
    southwestward over the remainder of Iowa during the early evening,
    as a low-level jet strengthens across the region.

    ...Intermountain West...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the Intermountain West
    today. Southwest flow aloft will be in place ahead of the trough
    over much of the region. At the surface, dewpoints in the 50s F are
    expected from northern Utah into valleys of western Wyoming, where
    the RAP is forecasting MLCAPE to peak in the 1000 to 1200 J/kg
    range. In addition to the instability, forecast soundings show
    moderate deep-layer shear in response to the approaching mid-level
    trough. As low to mid-level lapse rates become steep in the late
    afternoon and early evening, isolated severe gusts and hail will be
    possible.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 18 12:22:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181221
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181219

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0719 AM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026

    Valid 181300Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE CAROLINAS INTO NORTHERN GEORGIA...PARTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...IOWA...AND IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe risk is forecast later today into the evening for
    the Carolinas into northern Georgia, Iowa, parts of the central High
    Plains, and parts of the Intermountain West.

    ...Carolinas/Northern Georgia...
    A cluster of weak thunderstorms ongoing this morning over KY-WV near
    a surface front will continue southward via northerly steering flow
    on the eastern periphery of a mid-level anticyclone centered over
    the Ark-La-Tex. A weak upper impulse associated with this activity
    may influence a rejuvenation of storms near the leading edge of
    convective outflow across the VA/NC border vicinity. As the
    boundary layer heats to the south of the front, other scattered
    storms are expected to develop over the Piedmont into northern GA
    this afternoon. Isolated strong to locally severe gusts (50 to 60
    mph) capable of wind damage may occur with the stronger thunderstorm
    cores.

    ...Iowa...
    Surface mesoanalysis this morning places a front draped from the
    lower OH Valley westward into the mid MO Valley with an accompanying
    weak surface low over western NE. Seasonably moist low levels
    (lower 70s F surface dewpoints) are south of the boundary across the
    lower OH Valley west-northwestward into eastern NE. The boundary is
    forecast to gradually advance north-northeastward through IA during
    the period driven by a persistent belt of 30+ kt flow via a
    southwesterly 850 mb jet, thereby maintaining a corridor of
    low-level warm-air advection across the area. Model guidance
    signals higher probabilities for thunderstorm activity over IA into
    far southern MN where low-level forcing and heating will locally
    erode convective inhibition. Although marginally severe gusts will
    probably be the primary hazard, enlarged hodographs near the warm
    front may yield a localized risk for a couple of weak, short-lived
    supercells [longer-lived supercell structures limited by weak
    (20-kt) flow above 500 mb]. Upscale growth into a larger convective
    system may occur during the late evening into the overnight, but
    will likely become increasingly displaced from appreciable buoyancy
    as it moves towards the southwest Great Lakes.

    ...Intermountain West...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the Intermountain West
    today. Southwest flow aloft will be in place ahead of the trough
    over much of the region. At the surface, dewpoints in the 50s F are
    expected from northern Utah into valleys of western Wyoming, where
    the RAP is forecasting MLCAPE to peak in the 1000 to 1200 J/kg
    range. In addition to the instability, forecast soundings show
    moderate deep-layer shear in response to the approaching mid-level
    trough. As low to mid-level lapse rates become steep in the late
    afternoon and early evening, isolated severe gusts and hail will be
    possible.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Radar mosaic and water-vapor imagery this morning show a
    convectively enhanced, mid-level vorticity maximum moving
    north-northeast over central NM. This disturbance is forecast to
    possibly influence storm development later today into this evening
    in a primarily post-frontal regime over the central High Plains.
    Ample heating of the boundary layer over eastern CO into adjacent
    portions of southwest NE/northwest KS will precondition an
    environment as initially isolated to widely scattered storms
    potentially grow upscale into a small, eastward-moving cluster this
    evening. Isolated severe gusts may accompany the stronger outflow
    surges with this activity.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 18 16:30:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026

    Valid 181630Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    CAROLINA PIEDMONT INTO NORTHERN GEORGIA...NORTHERN IOWA...PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND PARTS OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe risk is forecast later today into the evening for
    the Carolinas into northern Georgia, northern Iowa, parts of the
    central High Plains, and parts of the Intermountain West.

    ...Carolina Piedmont into Northern Georgia...
    Recent surface analysis places a wavy stationary front from southern
    IL through southern IN and southern OH into southwest PA. Decaying
    showers and thunderstorms currently precede this boundary from
    southern IL into northern KY. This boundary is forecast to shift
    southward today in response to a modest surge of cooler air in the
    wake of a shortwave trough moving through southern Quebec and the
    Canadian Maritimes. This front will be relatively weak, but
    thunderstorm development is still anticipated this afternoon as the
    front interacts with the warm, moist, and diurnally destabilized
    airmass across the Carolina Piedmont and northern GA. Vertical shear
    will be weak and a largely outflow-dominant storm mode is expected.
    Even so, the strong buoyancy and ample moisture (i.e. PW values over
    2 inches) will support the potential for occasionally strong
    downbursts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Water-vapor imagery continues to show a convectively enhanced
    vorticity maximum moving north-northeast from north-central NM into
    southern CO. This vorticity max is forecast to continue
    northeastward along the periphery of the upper ridging centered over
    east TX, contributing to thunderstorm development from eastern WY
    through eastern CO this afternoon/evening. Much of this activity
    will occur in regions of cooler surface temperatures and/or more
    limited low-level moisture. However, surface-based buoyancy could
    exists in the CO/NE/KS border intersection vicinity, where a
    combination of strong heating, and lingering post-frontal low-level
    moisture will exist. Potential exists for initially isolated to
    widely scattered storms to grow upscale into a small,
    eastward-moving cluster this evening. Isolated severe gusts may
    accompany the stronger outflow surges with this activity.

    ...Intermountain West...
    Continued thunderstorm development is anticipated across the region
    today, with overall coverage and intensity increasing as a shortwave
    trough continues to move eastward into southern ID and northern UT.
    Some moderate, filtered daytime heating is possible, but the overall
    region is expected to remain relatively cool (i.e. high temperatures
    ranging from the upper 60s across southern ID to the low to mid 70s
    across northern UT). Even so, cold temperatures aloft will support
    enough buoyancy, which will combine with strong deep-layer vertical
    shear to support occasionally strong/organized updrafts. Strong to
    severe gusts will be possible with any stronger, more persistent
    storms. Some instances of small hail are possible as well.

    ...Northern Iowa into Far Southern MN...
    Elevated thunderstorm development is still anticipated tonight,
    supported by warm-air advection associated with a moderate low-level
    jet that extends through the region. Highest storm coverage will
    likely be displaced north and east of the strongest buoyancy. Even
    so, a few of the southernmost storms could occur where moderate
    vertical shear and buoyancy are in place, supporting the potential
    for an isolated supercell or two. Primary risk with any stronger
    storms is hail, but a strong gust or two is possible if any more
    linear structures develop.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 18 19:43:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181943
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181941

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026

    Valid 182000Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    CAROLINA PIEDMONT INTO NORTHERN GEORGIA...NORTHERN IOWA...PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND PARTS OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe risk continues for portions of the Carolinas into
    northern Georgia and parts of the Intermountain West. Isolated
    severe storms are also forecast later today across portions of
    northern Iowa and parts of the central High Plains.

    ...20z Update...
    Only minor adjustments were made to the existing outlook as the
    forecast remains generally on track. See the discussion below and
    MCDs #2306 and #2307 for additional information.

    ...Central High Plains...
    As a mid-level vorticity maximum progresses north-northeastward
    across the central High Plains later this evening, some modest
    enhancement of deep-layer shear may support an isolated risk for
    small to marginally severe hail in addition to isolated severe
    gusts. This risk appears conditional on a more cellular storm mode
    persisting farther northeastward where it can interact with more
    favorable low-level moisture, however. Thus, while some
    consideration was given to the additional of hail probabilities
    within the existing Marginal Risk, the overall hail risk appears to
    be generally less than 5%.

    ..Chalmers/Wendt.. 09/18/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026/

    ...Carolina Piedmont into Northern Georgia...
    Recent surface analysis places a wavy stationary front from southern
    IL through southern IN and southern OH into southwest PA. Decaying
    showers and thunderstorms currently precede this boundary from
    southern IL into northern KY. This boundary is forecast to shift
    southward today in response to a modest surge of cooler air in the
    wake of a shortwave trough moving through southern Quebec and the
    Canadian Maritimes. This front will be relatively weak, but
    thunderstorm development is still anticipated this afternoon as the
    front interacts with the warm, moist, and diurnally destabilized
    airmass across the Carolina Piedmont and northern GA. Vertical shear
    will be weak and a largely outflow-dominant storm mode is expected.
    Even so, the strong buoyancy and ample moisture (i.e. PW values over
    2 inches) will support the potential for occasionally strong
    downbursts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Water-vapor imagery continues to show a convectively enhanced
    vorticity maximum moving north-northeast from north-central NM into
    southern CO. This vorticity max is forecast to continue
    northeastward along the periphery of the upper ridging centered over
    east TX, contributing to thunderstorm development from eastern WY
    through eastern CO this afternoon/evening. Much of this activity
    will occur in regions of cooler surface temperatures and/or more
    limited low-level moisture. However, surface-based buoyancy could
    exists in the CO/NE/KS border intersection vicinity, where a
    combination of strong heating, and lingering post-frontal low-level
    moisture will exist. Potential exists for initially isolated to
    widely scattered storms to grow upscale into a small,
    eastward-moving cluster this evening. Isolated severe gusts may
    accompany the stronger outflow surges with this activity.

    ...Intermountain West...
    Continued thunderstorm development is anticipated across the region
    today, with overall coverage and intensity increasing as a shortwave
    trough continues to move eastward into southern ID and northern UT.
    Some moderate, filtered daytime heating is possible, but the overall
    region is expected to remain relatively cool (i.e. high temperatures
    ranging from the upper 60s across southern ID to the low to mid 70s
    across northern UT). Even so, cold temperatures aloft will support
    enough buoyancy, which will combine with strong deep-layer vertical
    shear to support occasionally strong/organized updrafts. Strong to
    severe gusts will be possible with any stronger, more persistent
    storms. Some instances of small hail are possible as well.

    ...Northern Iowa into Far Southern MN...
    Elevated thunderstorm development is still anticipated tonight,
    supported by warm-air advection associated with a moderate low-level
    jet that extends through the region. Highest storm coverage will
    likely be displaced north and east of the strongest buoyancy. Even
    so, a few of the southernmost storms could occur where moderate
    vertical shear and buoyancy are in place, supporting the potential
    for an isolated supercell or two. Primary risk with any stronger
    storms is hail, but a strong gust or two is possible if any more
    linear structures develop.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 19 00:47:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190047
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190045

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 PM CDT Fri Sep 18 2026

    Valid 190100Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND INTERMOUNTAIN
    WEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts will be possible this
    evening across parts of the mid Missouri Valley and Central High
    Plains. A few severe wind gusts and hail may occur in parts of the Intermountain West.

    ...Mid Missouri Valley...
    An upper-level ridge is currently present in the central U.S, with a
    30 to 40 knot low-level jet located near the ridge in the mid
    Missouri Valley. Isolated thunderstorms have developed early this
    evening in eastern Nebraska, near the axis of the low-level jet.
    Surface dewpoints in eastern Nebraska are in the lower to mid 70s F,
    with the RAP showing MLCAPE in the 1000 to 2000 J/kg range. While
    the 00Z Omaha sounding has 0-6 km shear of 20 to 25 knots,
    deep-layer shear is likely a bit stronger southward in the vicinity
    of the low-level jet. This could be enough for an isolated
    wind-damage threat. The threat may develop northeastward into
    western and central Iowa this evening as low-level flow and
    convective coverage both increase.

    ...Central Plains...
    An anti-cyclonic flow pattern is present over much of the
    north-central U.S. The eastern extension of a mid-level shortwave
    trough, evident on water vapor imagery, is located over east-central
    Colorado. Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing just ahead of the
    trough from northeast Colorado into southwest Nebraska, where the
    RAP has MLCAPE in the 1000 to 2000 J/kg range. The WSR-88D VWPs at
    Goodland and Cheyenne have 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 40 knot range,
    suggesting that an isolated severe threat will be possible early
    this evening. Severe wind gusts will be the primary threat.

    ...Intermountain West...
    On water vapor imagery, southwesterly mid-level flow is present from
    the central Rockies into the central High Plains. A mid-level
    shortwave trough appears to be located from near the Unita Mountains
    in northeast Utah eastward into the central Rockies of Colorado.
    Large-scale ascent associated with the trough is supporting
    scattered thunderstorm development. The RAP shows the strongest
    instability across northeast Utah and northwest Colorado, where
    moderate deep-layer shear and modestly steep lapse rates are evident
    on RAP analysis. This could be enough for an isolated potential for
    severe wind gusts and hail over the next few hours.

    ..Broyles.. 09/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 19 06:36:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190516
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190514

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1214 AM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the central
    Plains. Isolated severe wind gusts and hail may occur in parts of
    the southern Plains and lower Missouri Valley. Isolated severe gusts
    will also be possible from the Ohio Valley southward into the
    Southeast.

    ...Central and Southern Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    Mid-level heights will steadily fall over the central U.S. today, as southwesterly flow aloft becomes established over much of the
    region. At the surface, a cold front will advance southeastward
    across the central Plains, and should be positioned from central
    Kansas to far northwest Missouri by late afternoon. Ahead of the
    front, surface dewpoints will be mostly from the mid 60s to mid 70s
    F. As surface temperatures warm today, the moisture will contribute
    to moderate destabilization. Thunderstorm initiation will become
    likely by late afternoon across central and eastern Kansas, as
    low-level convergence increases along and ahead of the front. A
    complex of organized storms is expected to become established by
    early evening and should persist for several hours.

    RAP forecast soundings by early evening near the instability axis
    have 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 40 knot range, with substantial
    directional shear in the low-levels. In addition, low to mid-level
    lapse rates are forecast to become steep. This environment should
    support a large hail threat with supercells. A wind-damage threat
    will also be possible, especially if a line segment can persist and
    become organized during the evening. A marginal severe threat may
    also develop southwestward across parts of the southern High Plains,
    where hail and isolated severe gusts will be possible in the late
    afternoon and early evening.

    ...Central High Plains...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the Intermountain
    West today, as flow aloft remains southwesterly over the central
    Rockies and central High Plains. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance southward across southeastern Colorado and western Kansas.
    Behind the front, surface dewpoints in eastern Colorado will be in
    the upper 50s to lower 60s F. The moisture will enable moderate
    destabilization over much of eastern Colorado by afternoon. Warming
    surface temperatures will lead to scattered thunderstorm development
    in the higher terrain, with this convection moving eastward into the
    central High Plains during the late afternoon. RAP forecast
    soundings at 21Z in eastern Colorado have 0-6 shear in the 35 to 40
    knot range, with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This
    environment will likely support a threat for large hail with
    supercells. Isolated severe wind gusts will also be possible. A
    marginal severe threat may also develop further north into parts of
    eastern Wyoming and far western Nebraska, but instability will
    remain relatively weak there.

    ...Ohio Valley/Southern Appalachians/Southeast...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow will be located over much of the
    northeastern third of the U.S today. At the surface, an axis of
    low-level moisture will be oriented from the Ohio Valley southward
    into the southern Appalachians, along which moderate instability is
    expected to be in place by afternoon. Convective development will be
    possible in parts of the airmass, where localized surface heating
    and low-level convergence become maximized. Thunderstorms in areas
    with moderate instability could produce isolated severe wind gusts,
    mainly during the late afternoon and early evening.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 19 12:26:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191226
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191225

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0725 AM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026

    Valid 191300Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the central
    Plains.

    ...Central and Southern Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    Larger-scale mid-level troughing over the Great Basin and central
    Rockies will gradually shift eastward with falling heights spreading
    east across the central Great Plains and lower MO Valley through
    daybreak Sunday. A cold front draped in a general west-southwest to east-northeast orientation from central High Plains to the mid MS
    Valley will slowly push south. A seasonably moist airmass ahead of
    the boundary over KS/MO into northwestern OK will become moderately
    unstable by mid afternoon. Scattered storm development is
    eventually expected during the late afternoon and early evening as
    convective inhibition is locally eroded. Steep 0-3 km lapse rates
    (8.5-9.5 deg C/km) will aid in storm vigor and the potential for
    strong evaporative cooling with the more intense cores. Have
    introduced an intensity level 1 for the wind hazard (60-75 mph
    gusts) where a combination of HREF ensemble guidance and higher PW
    and lapse rates overlap. A few short-lived supercells are possible
    given the adequate speed and directional shear according to model
    forecast soundings across the KS vicinity. Large hail will be
    possible with the stronger updrafts. This threat will likely
    diminish during the evening.

    ...Central High Plains...
    The airmass north of a cool front will heat/destabilize through
    mid-late afternoon ahead of the aforementioned upper-level trough
    impinging on the region from the west. Some easterly component to
    the low-level flow will aid in maintaining a fetch of sufficient
    moisture (mainly 50s deg F surface dewpoints) into much of the
    central High Plains. Models indicate scattered storms developing
    near/east of I-25 with increasing storm coverage expected through
    the early evening. With time, a loosely organized band of a storms
    (including some supercells) will probably grow upscale and
    transition to a linear cluster as it moves east across eastern CO
    into western KS. Have included 15-percent wind probabilities across
    eastern CO to account for this favorable storm mode evolution for
    severe gusts. There is some indication this activity may continue
    into western KS during the late evening and early overnight,
    prompting the inclusion of low severe-wind probabilities.
    Uncertainty remains regarding the character/intensity of this
    activity across western KS (e.g., 19/06z MPAS-HT), especially if the
    depth of post-frontal airmass and near-surface static stability are
    similar to the 19/06z NAM depiction.

    ...Ohio Valley/Southern Appalachians/Southeast...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow will be located over much of the
    northeastern third of the U.S. today. At the surface, an axis of
    low-level moisture will be oriented from the Ohio Valley southward
    into the southern Appalachians, along which moderate instability is
    expected to be in place by afternoon. Widely scattered to scattered
    storms are forecast during the afternoon. A few of the stronger
    downdrafts may be capable of a strong to locally severe wind-gust
    threat (50 to 60 mph) capable of wind damage.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 19 16:31:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026

    Valid 191630Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the central
    Plains.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak low over northern IN, along
    the northern end of an outflow boundary that is pushing southward/south-southeastward across central IL and central IN.
    Airmass south of this boundary is very moist, with dewpoints
    generally in the upper 60s to low 70s. Filtered heating is
    anticipated across this region today, with the resulting warm and
    moist conditions supporting moderate buoyancy. The strongest
    buoyancy is expected from southern IN into southwest OH and adjacent
    far northern KY. The surging character of the outflow combined with
    limited deep-layer vertical shear results in uncertainty regarding
    how thunderstorms will evolve this afternoon, with at least some
    potential for a predominance of undercut, poorly organized updrafts.
    That being said, potential also exists for just enough
    buoyancy/shear balance for a few stronger, more persistent bowing
    clusters. Steep low-level lapse rates will promote strong to severe
    gusts with any more persistent line segments that develop.

    ...Southern Appalachians/Southeast...
    Warm and moist conditions will support airmass destabilization and
    the potential of afternoon/evening thunderstorms across the region.
    The region is largely void of coherent surface features, so any
    convective initiation would likely be tied to mesoscale areas of
    low-level confluence. Widely scattered to scattered storms are
    forecast during the afternoon, and a few stronger water-loaded
    downdrafts capable of 50 to 60 mph gusts are possible.

    ...Central and Southern Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    Recent surface analysis places a low over southwest IA, with a cold
    front extending back southwestward through southwest KS and the
    central OK Panhandle into the northwest TX Panhandle. This front is
    expected to slowly push south while larger-scale mid-level troughing
    over the Great Basin and central Rockies gradually shifts eastward.
    A seasonably moist airmass is in place ahead of the cold front, and
    moderate buoyancy is expected as this airmass heats and destabilizes
    this afternoon.

    Low-level convergence along the cold front, augmented by modest
    large-scale forcing for ascent, will support scattered storm
    development during the late afternoon and early evening as
    convective inhibition is locally eroded. Given adequate speed and
    directional shear, a few short-lived supercells are possible early
    in the convective cycle, particularly across KS. Large hail will be
    possible with the stronger updrafts. Thereafter, high-based storm
    character coupled with steep low-level lapse rates will support
    strong to severe gusts, including the potential for a few gusts of
    60 to 75 mph.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low-level easterly flow across the central High Plains will help
    maintain at least upper 50s/low 60s dewpoints across the region this afternoon/evening. The low-amplitude shortwave trough currently
    moving through northern NV/UT is forecast to continue eastward,
    interacting with this moist and unstable airmass to support
    scattered thunderstorm development. With time, strengthening
    mid-level flow will help support upscale growth from a loosely
    organized band of a storms (including some supercells) to a more
    organized linear cluster. Some hail is possible early with the more
    cellular development, with wind gusts becoming more likely with
    time. There is some indication this activity may continue into
    western KS during the late evening and early overnight.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 19 20:05:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 192004
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 192003

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0303 PM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026

    Valid 192000Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the central
    Plains.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Central High Plains into western Kansas...
    Latest CAM and TLE guidance continue to provide some indications
    that a linear cluster or two will persist into western, and perhaps
    even central Kansas, after 00z tonight. This may allow a somewhat
    greater risk for hail/wind gusts to persist farther west into
    Kansas. Uncertainty regarding the evolution and downstream
    persistence of these clusters through the overnight hours precludes
    further expansion at this time, however.

    ...Central New Mexico...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms with some marginal supercell
    structures have formed across portions of central New Mexico over
    the past 1-2 hours. The 18z ABQ observed sounding depicted around
    750 J/kg MLCAPE with ~30 kts of effective shear and 700-500 mb lapse
    rates around 7 C/km. While this could support a brief/localized
    threat for damaging wind gusts and marginally severe hail,
    observations and recent CAM/TLE guidance suggest the
    spatial/temporal window for any localized severe risk remains quite
    narrow. Thus, the general severe risk appears to be less than 5%
    across this region.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    Latest observations continue to depict a well defined outflow
    boundary arching southwestward from north of Columbus, OH, into
    southern IL/IN. Convection has largely struggled to sustain along
    this boundary, likely owing to the surging character of the outflow
    and limited deep-layer wind shear. The northern edge of the Level
    1/Marginal Risk area was trimmed slightly where temperatures well
    behind the outflow boundary have fallen into the upper-70s F and are
    thus expected to limit further convective development this
    afternoon/evening.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains generally on track, with only minor
    changes made to the existing outlook. See the discussion below and
    MCDs #2309 and #2310 for additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Wendt.. 09/19/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026/

    ...Ohio Valley...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak low over northern IN, along
    the northern end of an outflow boundary that is pushing southward/south-southeastward across central IL and central IN.
    Airmass south of this boundary is very moist, with dewpoints
    generally in the upper 60s to low 70s. Filtered heating is
    anticipated across this region today, with the resulting warm and
    moist conditions supporting moderate buoyancy. The strongest
    buoyancy is expected from southern IN into southwest OH and adjacent
    far northern KY. The surging character of the outflow combined with
    limited deep-layer vertical shear results in uncertainty regarding
    how thunderstorms will evolve this afternoon, with at least some
    potential for a predominance of undercut, poorly organized updrafts.
    That being said, potential also exists for just enough
    buoyancy/shear balance for a few stronger, more persistent bowing
    clusters. Steep low-level lapse rates will promote strong to severe
    gusts with any more persistent line segments that develop.

    ...Southern Appalachians/Southeast...
    Warm and moist conditions will support airmass destabilization and
    the potential of afternoon/evening thunderstorms across the region.
    The region is largely void of coherent surface features, so any
    convective initiation would likely be tied to mesoscale areas of
    low-level confluence. Widely scattered to scattered storms are
    forecast during the afternoon, and a few stronger water-loaded
    downdrafts capable of 50 to 60 mph gusts are possible.

    ...Central and Southern Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    Recent surface analysis places a low over southwest IA, with a cold
    front extending back southwestward through southwest KS and the
    central OK Panhandle into the northwest TX Panhandle. This front is
    expected to slowly push south while larger-scale mid-level troughing
    over the Great Basin and central Rockies gradually shifts eastward.
    A seasonably moist airmass is in place ahead of the cold front, and
    moderate buoyancy is expected as this airmass heats and destabilizes
    this afternoon.

    Low-level convergence along the cold front, augmented by modest
    large-scale forcing for ascent, will support scattered storm
    development during the late afternoon and early evening as
    convective inhibition is locally eroded. Given adequate speed and
    directional shear, a few short-lived supercells are possible early
    in the convective cycle, particularly across KS. Large hail will be
    possible with the stronger updrafts. Thereafter, high-based storm
    character coupled with steep low-level lapse rates will support
    strong to severe gusts, including the potential for a few gusts of
    60 to 75 mph.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low-level easterly flow across the central High Plains will help
    maintain at least upper 50s/low 60s dewpoints across the region this afternoon/evening. The low-amplitude shortwave trough currently
    moving through northern NV/UT is forecast to continue eastward,
    interacting with this moist and unstable airmass to support
    scattered thunderstorm development. With time, strengthening
    mid-level flow will help support upscale growth from a loosely
    organized band of a storms (including some supercells) to a more
    organized linear cluster. Some hail is possible early with the more
    cellular development, with wind gusts becoming more likely with
    time. There is some indication this activity may continue into
    western KS during the late evening and early overnight.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 20 00:58:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200057

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 PM CDT Sat Sep 19 2026

    Valid 200100Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTH-CENTRAL
    KANSAS TO NORTHWEST MISSOURI...AND IN FAR WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail are
    possible this evening across parts of the central Plains and Lower
    Missouri Valley.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a mid-level trough over the
    Intermountain West, with southwesterly flow aloft from the southern
    and central Rockies eastward into much of the Great Plains. A
    shortwave trough appears to be located in central Kansas, close to
    the position of a front oriented from southwest to northeast across
    the central Plains. Near and to the southeast of the boundary,
    surface dewpoints are in the 60s and lower 70s F, which is
    contributing to moderate instability. The RAP shows an axis of
    MLCAPE in the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range from central Kansas
    northeastward into northwest Missouri and southern Iowa...see MCD
    2312. Scattered strong to severe storms are ongoing along the
    southwestern part of this corridor of moderate instability...see MCD
    2311.

    The 00Z sounding at Topeka has MLCAPE near 2000 J/kg with 0-6 km
    shear around 20 knots, and a 0-3 km lapse rate just above 7.5 C/km.
    RAP analysis suggests that deep-layer shear is stronger near the
    front. The environment will support a continued severe threat this
    evening. Severe wind gusts and isolated large hail will be the
    primary threats. The line that is currently developing in northeast
    Kansas may continue to have a severe threat later this evening as it
    tracks northeastward into northwest Missouri and far southern Iowa.
    A marginal wind-damage threat will extend southwestward along a
    surface trough into parts of west Texas.

    In the central High Plains, the western edge of moderate instability
    extends westward into far western Kansas. Scattered strong storms
    are ongoing near the Colorado-Kansas state line where the RAP has
    MLCAPE around 1500 J/kg. The Goodland WSR-88D VWP has 0-6 km shear
    around 50 knots, and the RAP has 700-500 mb lapse rates in western
    Kansas near 7.5 C/km. This will support a supercell threat this
    evening with a potential for isolated large hail. Severe wind gusts
    will also be possible...see MCD 2313.

    ..Broyles.. 09/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 20 05:27:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200521
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200519

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1219 AM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    OKLAHOMA AND FROM EASTERN COLORADO INTO FAR WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail will be possible
    this afternoon and evening across parts of Oklahoma and from eastern
    Colorado into far western Kansas. Isolated severe gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern Plains, and from the
    Ozarks eastward into the Ohio Valley.

    ...Southern Plains...
    At mid-levels, southwesterly flow will be in place today over much
    of the central U.S. A shortwave trough is forecast to move into
    Kansas and Oklahoma this afternoon. At the surface, a low will
    deepen over southwest Oklahoma today, as a cold front advances
    southward into central Oklahoma. Near the front, surface dewpoints
    will be in the mid to upper 60s F, which will allow moderate
    instability to develop by afternoon. MLCAPE is forecast to peak in
    the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range in much of central and eastern Oklahoma.
    As surface temperatures warm and low-level convergence increases,
    scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop in the afternoon,
    with storms moving from the Low Rolling Plains and Red River Valley northeastward into central and eastern Oklahoma.

    RAP forecast soundings at 00Z near the instability axis in central
    Oklahoma have MLCAPE around 3000 J/kg with 0-6 km shear near 30
    knots, and 700-500 mb lapse rates in the 7 to 7.5 C/km range.
    Although a mixed mode is expected, the environment will likely
    support supercell development in areas that become locally
    favorable. Large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible with
    supercells. The potential for supercells may continue into the early
    evening over east-central Oklahoma, but a gradual transition to
    linear mode is expected to take place. The wind-damage threat could
    become maximized in the early evening, if an organized line segment
    can develop.

    ...Central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move into the central High Plains
    today. Ahead of this feature, a lee surface trough will deepen
    during the day from northeast New Mexico into eastern Colorado.
    Surface dewpoints near the surface trough will be in the 50s F,
    which will enable moderate destabilization by afternoon. As surface temperatures warm, convection will initiate in the higher terrain
    during the early afternoon and move eastward into the lower
    elevations. A small complex of storms will likely develop from this
    convection over the central High Plains. RAP forecast soundings near
    the instability axis in eastern Colorado at 00Z have MLCAPE near
    1500 J/kg with 0-6 km around 40 knots, and 700-500 mb lapse rates
    near 7.5 C/km. This environment should be capable of producing
    supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts.

    ...Ozarks/Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    At mid-levels, a subtle anticyclonic flow pattern will be in place
    from the Ozarks eastward into the Ohio Valley. At the surface, an
    axis of moisture and instability will be located from central
    Missouri eastward into southern Indiana and southern Ohio, along
    which surface dewpoints will be in the 70s F. By mid to late
    afternoon, MLCAPE is forecast to peak in the 2000 to 3000 J/kg range
    along much of this corridor. Although large-scale ascent will remain
    relatively limited, increasing low-level convergence near the moist
    axis will result in isolated convective initiation. Any small
    cluster that can develop and persist in the late afternoon and early
    evening could produce isolated severe wind gusts.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 20 12:28:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201228
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201227

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0727 AM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026

    Valid 201300Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    OKLAHOMA AND FROM EASTERN COLORADO INTO FAR WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail will be possible
    this afternoon and evening across parts of Oklahoma and from eastern
    Colorado into far western Kansas. Isolated severe gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern Plains, and from the
    Ozarks eastward into the Ohio Valley.

    ...OK and TX...
    Southwesterly upper-level flow over the southern Great Plains will
    be downstream of an eastward-migrating upper trough moving into the
    central and southern High Plains by early evening. A frontal zone
    modulated by convection overnight over the eastern part of the TX
    Panhandle and OK will sag southward through tonight. A moist
    airmass will undergo appreciable heating amidst surface dewpoints
    in the mid to upper 60s F, resulting in moderate buoyancy by mid
    afternoon. Sufficient deep-layer shear for storm organization is
    expected across OK, where a risk for severe wind gusts and some hail
    is expected to evolve during the afternoon into the early evening.
    The 20/00z HREF/REFS ensemble guidance showed agreement in
    delineating the strongest explicit 10-m wind gusts across parts of
    southern OK within a corridor characterized by very steep 0-3 km
    lapse rates. Have introduced an intensity level-1 area where
    confidence in 60-80 mph gusts is greatest.

    ...Central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move into the central High Plains
    today. An easterly component to low-level flow north of the surface
    front will maintain a fetch of moisture (50s deg F surface
    dewpoints), and this moisture combined with heating will enable
    moderate destabilization by afternoon. As surface temperatures warm
    and convective inhibition erodes, scattered storms are forecast by
    mid-late afternoon. Model forecast soundings show straight
    hodographs with sizable CAPE in the -10 to -30 deg C layer. As a
    result, a few supercells are probable with the primary severe hazard
    being large hail (1 to 2.5 inches in diameter) along with isolated
    severe gusts. Some lingering severe risk may eventually develop
    over southeast CO late this evening and spread into the OK Panhandle
    overnight.

    ...Ozarks/Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    A series of low-amplitude perturbations will move generally east
    across the Ozarks and OH Valley to the north of a weakened mid-level anticyclone centered over the northwest Gulf Coast. A reservoir of
    seasonally rich low-level moisture (mid 60s to low 70s deg F surface
    dewpoints) will exist south a cold front that was analyzed near the
    I-70 corridor this morning. This frontal zone is forecast to
    gradually push southward during the period and serve as the northern
    delimiter of strong/severe thunderstorm activity.

    As the boundary layer heats through the mid afternoon to the south
    of more extensive cloud cover with north extent, moderate buoyancy
    will likely develop. Some modest enhancement to mid-level flow will
    probably accompany the aforementioned convectively augmented
    mid-level features. Portions of eastern IL into IN could perhaps
    yield a slightly more favorable environment for severe storms due to
    hodograph structure. Yet, it remains uncertain whether some
    strengthening of low-level flow in vicinity of the effective frontal
    zone occurs later today. The 19/06z NAM differed substantially
    versus recent RAP model runs. Regardless, a few clusters of strong
    to severe thunderstorms will probably evolve, posing mainly an
    isolated threat for wind damage.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 20 16:28:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201626

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026

    Valid 201630Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND EASTERN OKLAHOMA...AND FROM EASTERN COLORADO INTO FAR
    WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail will be possible
    this afternoon and evening across parts of Oklahoma and from eastern
    Colorado into far western Kansas. Isolated severe gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern Plains, and from the
    Ozarks eastward into the Ohio Valley.

    ...Central/North TX into central/eastern OK...
    Surface analysis places a low over central OK, along a cold front
    that arcs from northeast OK into southwest OK and then back up
    through the central TX Panhandle. This low also precedes a shortwave
    trough moving into western OK. The cold front is forecast to shift southward/southeastward today as the shortwave continues eastward.
    The airmass ahead of this front will be warm, moist, and moderately
    buoyant, and thunderstorm development is expected from
    central/eastern OK into central TX. Mid-level flow is slightly
    stronger across OK, supporting a greater potential for strong to
    severe storms. A more isolated severe risk exists across TX where a
    more disorganized storm mode is likely. Primary threat is damaging
    gusts from 55 to 65 mph.

    ...Central High Plains...
    An easterly component to low-level flow north of the surface front
    will maintain a fetch of moisture (50s deg F surface dewpoints)
    across eastern CO this afternoon. This moisture, combined with
    heating and cool temperatures aloft, will enable moderate
    destabilization by afternoon. Thunderstorm development is expected
    as ascent attendant to the mid-level cyclone over WY persists across
    the region. Moderate mid-level westerly flow will also persist
    throughout the base of this cyclone, resulting in moderate to strong
    vertical shear across the region this afternoon and evening. Storm
    coverage is expected to remain isolated to widely scattered (largely
    due to cooler surface temperatures and some lingering convective
    inhibition), but any storms that do form and mature will likely be supercellular. Primary severe hazard is large hail (1 to 2.5 inches
    in diameter), but isolated severe gusts are possible as well. Some
    lingering severe risk may eventually develop over southeast CO late
    this evening and spread into the OK Panhandle overnight.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places lows over central PA, central IL,
    central MO, and central OK. An arcing stationary boundary extends
    between these features, with this boundary largely demarcated by a
    subtle wind shift. Current water vapor satellite imagery shows
    several convectively augmented vorticity maxima within this corridor
    as well. These vorticity maxima are forecast to progress
    eastward/northeastward along the northern periphery of a weakened
    mid-level anticyclone centered over the northwest Gulf Coast,
    augmenting low-level convergence and helping to support
    afternoon/evening thunderstorms from the OH Valley into
    central/southern MO.

    Despite ample low-level moisture, relatively warm temperatures aloft
    will likely mitigate the overall buoyancy. Even so, steep low-level
    lapse rates and moderate mid-level flow could still support some
    bowing line segments capable of damaging gusts. Highest thunderstorm
    coverage this afternoon and evening is expected from
    central/southern IN into southern OH, with another corridor of
    relatively higher coverage developing across central MO later this
    evening as well. Both of these corridors are downstream of a
    previously mentioned vorticity max, and represent areas of greater
    severe potential.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 20 19:46:40 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201946
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201944

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0244 PM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026

    Valid 202000Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND FROM EASTERN COLORADO INTO FAR
    WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and large hail remain possible
    this afternoon and evening across parts of Oklahoma and from eastern
    Colorado into far western Kansas. Isolated severe gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern Plains and from the
    Ozarks eastward into the Ohio Valley.

    ...20z Update...
    The forecast remains generally on track, with only minor adjustments
    made to the existing outlook. See the discussion below for
    additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Wendt.. 09/20/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1126 AM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026/

    ...Central/North TX into central/eastern OK...
    Surface analysis places a low over central OK, along a cold front
    that arcs from northeast OK into southwest OK and then back up
    through the central TX Panhandle. This low also precedes a shortwave
    trough moving into western OK. The cold front is forecast to shift southward/southeastward today as the shortwave continues eastward.
    The airmass ahead of this front will be warm, moist, and moderately
    buoyant, and thunderstorm development is expected from
    central/eastern OK into central TX. Mid-level flow is slightly
    stronger across OK, supporting a greater potential for strong to
    severe storms. A more isolated severe risk exists across TX where a
    more disorganized storm mode is likely. Primary threat is damaging
    gusts from 55 to 65 mph.

    ...Central High Plains...
    An easterly component to low-level flow north of the surface front
    will maintain a fetch of moisture (50s deg F surface dewpoints)
    across eastern CO this afternoon. This moisture, combined with
    heating and cool temperatures aloft, will enable moderate
    destabilization by afternoon. Thunderstorm development is expected
    as ascent attendant to the mid-level cyclone over WY persists across
    the region. Moderate mid-level westerly flow will also persist
    throughout the base of this cyclone, resulting in moderate to strong
    vertical shear across the region this afternoon and evening. Storm
    coverage is expected to remain isolated to widely scattered (largely
    due to cooler surface temperatures and some lingering convective
    inhibition), but any storms that do form and mature will likely be supercellular. Primary severe hazard is large hail (1 to 2.5 inches
    in diameter), but isolated severe gusts are possible as well. Some
    lingering severe risk may eventually develop over southeast CO late
    this evening and spread into the OK Panhandle overnight.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places lows over central PA, central IL,
    central MO, and central OK. An arcing stationary boundary extends
    between these features, with this boundary largely demarcated by a
    subtle wind shift. Current water vapor satellite imagery shows
    several convectively augmented vorticity maxima within this corridor
    as well. These vorticity maxima are forecast to progress
    eastward/northeastward along the northern periphery of a weakened
    mid-level anticyclone centered over the northwest Gulf Coast,
    augmenting low-level convergence and helping to support
    afternoon/evening thunderstorms from the OH Valley into
    central/southern MO.

    Despite ample low-level moisture, relatively warm temperatures aloft
    will likely mitigate the overall buoyancy. Even so, steep low-level
    lapse rates and moderate mid-level flow could still support some
    bowing line segments capable of damaging gusts. Highest thunderstorm
    coverage this afternoon and evening is expected from
    central/southern IN into southern OH, with another corridor of
    relatively higher coverage developing across central MO later this
    evening as well. Both of these corridors are downstream of a
    previously mentioned vorticity max, and represent areas of greater
    severe potential.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 21 01:02:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Sun Sep 20 2026

    Valid 210100Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible
    this evening across parts of the central High Plains. A few severe
    wind gusts may also occur from the Ozarks northeastward into the
    Ohio Valley.

    ...Central High Plains...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a shortwave mid-level trough
    over eastern Colorado. An axis of moderate instability, with MLCAPE
    in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range, is analyzed by the RAP just ahead of
    this feature from near the Colorado-Kansas state line southeastward
    into the Oklahoma Panhandle. An isolated supercell is currently
    ongoing near the instability axis near Lamar, Colorado. RAP forecast
    soundings ahead of this cell across far southwest Kansas early this
    evening have MLCAPE in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range, 0-6 km shear
    near 40 knots and 700-500 mb lapse rates around 7 C/km. This
    environment will continue to support supercells capable of large
    hail and wind damage. The threat could persist into the mid to late
    evening with parts of southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle
    being affected. Later this evening, short-term model forecasts also
    suggest that redevelopment may occur to the east of the Denver
    Metro, with a new cluster potentially tracking southeastward near
    the instability axis. This activity could also pose a large hail and
    wind damage threat.

    ...Ozarks into the Ohio Valley...
    Several minor perturbations, embedded in westerly flow aloft, appear
    to moving through a corridor from the Ozarks eastward into the Ohio
    Valley. The most pronounced feature appears to be located in
    southeastern Indiana, ahead of which a small cluster of severe
    storms is ongoing. Along the projected track of these storms, the
    RAP has MLCAPE in the 1200 to 1500 J/kg range with 0-6 km around 35
    knots. This should continue to support an isolated wind-damage
    threat for a couple more hours early this evening...see MCD 2319.

    Further southwest into the parts of the Ozarks and mid Mississippi
    Valley, moderate instability is analyzed by the RAP from far
    northeast Oklahoma northeastward into south-central Illinois.
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are ongoing near the instability
    axis. These storms may be capable of producing isolated severe wind
    gusts for another hour or two this evening...see MCD 2318.

    ..Broyles.. 09/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 21 05:40:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210536
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210535

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 AM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST INTO THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts will be possible this
    afternoon from parts of the Southeast into the southern and central Appalachians.

    ...Southeast/Southern and Central Appalachians...
    A cold front will advance southeastward across the southern and
    eastern U.S. today. By afternoon, the front is forecast to be
    positioned from northern Mississippi northeastward to western
    Virginia. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass will be in place with
    surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to mid 70s F from the lower
    Mississippi Valley northeastward into West Virginia. As surface
    temperature warm, an axis of moderate instability will develop ahead
    of the front from central Mississippi northeastward into western
    North Carolina, where MLCAPE should peak in the 2000 to 3000 J/kg
    range. Low-level convergence will increase along the front during
    the day, which will be favorable for scattered to numerous
    thunderstorm development. Although deep-layer shear will be weak
    along and near the instability axis, low-level lapse rates will
    become steep in the afternoon. The thermodynamic environment should
    be favorable for isolated severe wind gusts with single cells or
    disorganized multicells. The threat should be largely diurnal but
    may persist into the early evening in areas that destabilize the
    most.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 21 12:35:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211234
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211233

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0733 AM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026

    Valid 211300Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND OVER THE TEXAS SOUTH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated damaging wind gusts are possible this afternoon from parts
    of the Southeast into the southern and central Appalachians. An
    isolated risk for large hail and severe gusts is forecast over parts
    of the Texas South Plains later today.

    ...Southeast/Southern and Central Appalachians...
    Radar mosaic this morning shows a parade of three MCVs moving
    eastward over the OH Valley into the central Appalachians primarily
    to the immediate cool side of a cold front. This front will aid in
    focusing storm development today over the northern portion of the
    Marginal Risk where slightly stronger flow fields are expected
    (i.e., KY-WV-VA). By afternoon, the front is forecast to be
    positioned from northern Mississippi northeastward to western
    Virginia. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass will be in place with
    surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to lower 70s F from the lower
    Mississippi Valley northeastward into WV. As moderate buoyancy
    develops by early to mid afternoon, scattered to numerous single and
    multicell thunderstorms are expected to form. A few of the stronger
    downdrafts will likely yield a threat for strong to locally severe
    gusts (50 to 60 mph) and pockets of wind damage before weakening by
    the early evening.

    ...TX South Plains...
    A mid to upper-level ridge will gradually shift eastward over the
    southern High Plains during the period as an upper trough over
    eastern OK this morning continues eastward and becomes increasingly
    displaced from west TX. A frontal zone and residual outflow will
    become draped over the TX South Plains during the afternoon. Model
    guidance indicates at least scattered storms developing within a
    moist plume extending west-northwestward into the Caprock/South
    Plains vicinity during peak heating. A couple of stronger
    thunderstorms may yield an isolated risk for large hail/severe gusts
    before dissipating during the evening.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 21 17:16:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211627
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211625

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026

    Valid 211630Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST INTO CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...AND OVER THE TEXAS SOUTH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated damaging wind gusts are possible this afternoon from parts
    of the Southeast into the southern and central Appalachians. An
    isolated risk for large hail and severe gusts is forecast over parts
    of the Texas South Plains later today.

    ...Southeast/Southern and Central Appalachians...
    Recent radar and satellite imagery reveals a trio of MCVs over the
    OH Valley, with perhaps another MCV farther southwest in the
    Mid-South vicinity. These vorticity maxima are north/west of an
    arcing cold front that extends from southern VA west-northwest into
    northern KY and then back southwestward through northern AR and
    central OK into the TX South Plains. A moist airmass persists south
    of this boundary, with dewpoints in the low 70s across much of
    Southeast, TN Valley, and Carolinas. The front is forecast to slowly
    shift southward today, interacting with the moist, diurnally
    destabilized, and moderately buoyant airmass to support scattered thunderstorms. Vertical shear will be weak, and largely
    multicellular, outflow-dominant storm mode is anticipated. Even so,
    ample moisture is in place (i.e. PW values over 2" sampled on the
    12Z BMX sounding), and sporadic stronger downdrafts may yield a
    strong to locally severe gusts (50 to 60 mph). Highest thunderstorm
    coverage is expected from southeast TN and northwest GA through
    northern AL into central/southern MS and eastern LA.

    ...TX South Plains into north-central/northeast TX...
    Western periphery of the front described in the previous section
    intersects a weak low over far southeast NM. A moist airmass exists
    along and south of this boundary, with dewpoints ranging from the
    low 60s over the TX South Plains to the low 70s across much of
    central and eastern TX. Easterly flow will help maintain this
    moisture amid strong heating over the TX South Plain vicinity,
    contributing to airmass destabilization and moderate buoyancy by
    this afternoon. Low-level convergence along the front (and/or
    residual outflow) and near the surface low will likely result in
    scattered thunderstorm development. Vertical shear will be modest,
    but any stronger, more persistent thunderstorms may yield an
    isolated risk for large hail/severe gusts before dissipating during
    the evening.

    A secondary area of higher thunderstorm coverage appears likely over
    northeast TX this afternoon/evening. Here, differential heating
    and/or outflow from ongoing thunderstorms could result in an area of
    increased low-level convergence within a warm, moist, and moderately
    unstable airmass this afternoon. Isolated water-loaded downbursts
    capable of producing damaging wind gusts are possible. Anticipated
    limited severe coverage precludes introducing low wind probabilities
    in this area.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/21/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 21 19:58:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026

    Valid 212000Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST INTO CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND OVER THE TEXAS SOUTH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated damaging wind gusts remain possible this afternoon from
    parts of the Southeast into the southern and central Appalachians.
    An isolated risk for large hail and severe gusts is also forecast
    over parts of the Texas South Plains later today.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update cycle
    as the forecast remains on track. See MCD #2323 and the discussion
    below for additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Wendt.. 09/21/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1125 AM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026/

    ...Southeast/Southern and Central Appalachians...
    Recent radar and satellite imagery reveals a trio of MCVs over the
    OH Valley, with perhaps another MCV farther southwest in the
    Mid-South vicinity. These vorticity maxima are north/west of an
    arcing cold front that extends from southern VA west-northwest into
    northern KY and then back southwestward through northern AR and
    central OK into the TX South Plains. A moist airmass persists south
    of this boundary, with dewpoints in the low 70s across much of
    Southeast, TN Valley, and Carolinas. The front is forecast to slowly
    shift southward today, interacting with the moist, diurnally
    destabilized, and moderately buoyant airmass to support scattered thunderstorms. Vertical shear will be weak, and largely
    multicellular, outflow-dominant storm mode is anticipated. Even so,
    ample moisture is in place (i.e. PW values over 2" sampled on the
    12Z BMX sounding), and sporadic stronger downdrafts may yield a
    strong to locally severe gusts (50 to 60 mph). Highest thunderstorm
    coverage is expected from southeast TN and northwest GA through
    northern AL into central/southern MS and eastern LA.

    ...TX South Plains into north-central/northeast TX...
    Western periphery of the front described in the previous section
    intersects a weak low over far southeast NM. A moist airmass exists
    along and south of this boundary, with dewpoints ranging from the
    low 60s over the TX South Plains to the low 70s across much of
    central and eastern TX. Easterly flow will help maintain this
    moisture amid strong heating over the TX South Plain vicinity,
    contributing to airmass destabilization and moderate buoyancy by
    this afternoon. Low-level convergence along the front (and/or
    residual outflow) and near the surface low will likely result in
    scattered thunderstorm development. Vertical shear will be modest,
    but any stronger, more persistent thunderstorms may yield an
    isolated risk for large hail/severe gusts before dissipating during
    the evening.

    A secondary area of higher thunderstorm coverage appears likely over
    northeast TX this afternoon/evening. Here, differential heating
    and/or outflow from ongoing thunderstorms could result in an area of
    increased low-level convergence within a warm, moist, and moderately
    unstable airmass this afternoon. Isolated water-loaded downbursts
    capable of producing damaging wind gusts are possible. Anticipated
    limited severe coverage precludes introducing low wind probabilities
    in this area.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 22 00:44:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220043
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220042

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0742 PM CDT Mon Sep 21 2026

    Valid 220100Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST TO THE SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe wind gusts will be possible early this evening from
    parts of the Southeast into the southern Appalachians and southern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southeast/Southern Appalachians/Southern Mid-Atlantic...
    At the surface, a diffuse and slow moving cold front is currently
    analyzed from northern Mississippi northeastward to West Virginia.
    To the southeast of the front, a moist airmass is in place with
    dewpoints mostly from the mid 60s to the mid 70s F. In response to
    surface heating, moderate instability has developed over much of
    this moist airmass. Along this southwest-to-northeast corridor,
    MLCAPE is estimated by the RAP to be in the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range.
    Although deep-layer shear is limited, the instability could support
    a potential for isolated severe wind gusts over the next hour or
    two, while low-level lapse rates remain steep.

    ..Broyles.. 09/22/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 22 05:52:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220551
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220550

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...AND IN THE VICINITY OF NORTH-CENTRAL AND
    NORTHEASTERN UTAH....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts are possible today
    across parts of the Southeast, and in the vicinity of north-central
    and northeastern Utah.

    ...Southeast...
    At the surface, a cold front will advance southward into the
    Southeast today. The position of the front by afternoon will be from
    the northern Gulf Coast States into southern Appalachians. Warming
    surface temperatures and increasing low-level convergence near and
    ahead of the boundary will result in scattered thunderstorm
    development this afternoon. Surface dewpoints across the moist
    airmass will mostly range from the mid 60s to mid 70s F. This will
    aid destabilization, with MLCAPE expected to peak in the 1500 to
    2500 J/kg in most areas ahead of the front. Although deep-layer
    shear will be limited, the thermodynamic environment will be able to
    support isolated severe wind gusts with convection that develops
    within the strongest localized instability.

    ...North-central and Northeastern Utah/Far Southwest Wyoming...
    A mid-level trough and low pressure center will move northeastward
    across the Intermountain West today. Ahead of the system, a surface
    low will deepen across western Utah. To the east and northeast of
    the low, surface dewpoints will range from the mid 40s to mid 50s F.
    This will be enough for the development of weak instability by
    afternoon. MLCAPE is forecast to increase to around 1000 J/kg over
    much of north-central and northeast Utah, as a cold pocket
    associated with the approaching upper-level low begins to affect the
    area. The Salt Lake City RAP forecast sounding at 21Z has 0-6 km
    shear near 40 knots with steep low to mid-level lapse rates in the 7
    to 8 C/km range. This should support an isolated potential for
    supercells. Hail and isolated severe gusts would be the primary
    threats.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 22 12:24:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221224
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221222

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0722 AM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026

    Valid 221300Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MUCH OF UTAH
    INTO ADJACENT PARTS OF WYOMING AND COLORADO...AND ACROSS A PORTION
    OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for severe wind gusts is expected today in Utah
    into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado. Thunderstorms capable
    of strong to locally severe damaging gusts are also possible across
    parts of the Southeast.

    ...Utah into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado...
    Water-vapor imagery this morning shows a potent mid-level trough
    over the western Great Basin. This upper feature and an
    accompanying speed max ---beginning to be sampled by the Cedar City,
    UT WSR-88D VAD (KICX)--- are forecast to move northeast across UT
    through early evening. In the wake of early day showers and a few thunderstorms associated with an initial lobe of ascent, some
    heating will yield steepened 0-2 km lapse rates and the development
    of marginal buoyancy. As storms develop and intensify, elongated
    hodographs will support a few stronger cells to be capable of
    marginally severe hail. However, 60 to 75 mph gusts on an isolated
    basis will likely be the primary severe hazard. This activity will
    eventually move into western CO and southwest WY towards the late afternoon/early evening with severe gusts potentially in proximity
    to stronger cores and outflow.

    ...Southeast...
    A slow-moving cold front will aid in focusing thunderstorms across
    portions of the Deep South into the southern Appalachians. Heating
    of a moist airmass featuring upper 60s to lower 70s deg F surface
    dewpoints will likely result in 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE by early to
    mid afternoon. Weak low to mid tropospheric flow will limit overall
    storm vigor, but some of the stronger water-loaded downdrafts will
    probably be capable of strong to locally severe gusts and pockets of
    wind damage into the early evening.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 22 16:26:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221626
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221624

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 AM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026

    Valid 221630Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MUCH OF UTAH
    INTO ADJACENT PARTS OF WYOMING AND COLORADO...AND ACROSS A PORTION
    OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for severe wind gusts is expected today in Utah
    into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado. Thunderstorms capable
    of strong to locally severe damaging gusts are also possible across
    parts of the Southeast.

    ...Utah into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado...
    Recent water-vapor imagery shows a potent shortwave trough over the
    western Great Basin. Recent mesoanalysis estimates a belt of
    stronger mid-level flow extends throughout the eastern periphery of
    this wave from northern AZ into central UT. This shortwave is
    forecast to continue slowly northeastward today, with the
    accompanying belt of stronger flow extending through northern UT
    into western WY. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected
    this afternoon and evening across the region as lift attendant to
    this wave interacts with the modestly moist and buoyant airmass
    across the region. Buoyancy will likely remain modest (i.e. MLCAPE
    less than 1000 J/kg. Even so, moderate to strong vertical shear
    associated with the stronger mid-level flow will support organized
    storm structures. This shear combined with cold mid-level
    temperatures will support the potential for large hail.
    Additionally, high cloud bases and steep low-level lapse rates
    suggest strong gusts are possible with any of the more robust
    storms. This activity will eventually move into western CO and
    southwest WY towards the late afternoon/early evening with isolated
    severe gusts and/or large hail remaining possible within the
    stronger cores and associated outflows.

    ...Southeast...
    Recent surface analysis places a diffuse cold front from the
    Arklatex northeast into far western VA where it intersects the wedge
    front over the Mid-Atlantic. This front is expected to gradually
    shift southward today, interacting with the moist airmass across the
    Southeast to support thunderstorm development. The strongest
    buoyancy (i.e. 1500 to 2000 J/kg of MLCAPE) is expected from
    western/central SC into central AL, where afternoon temperatures
    will likely reach the 90s amid low 70s dewpoints. Weak low to mid
    tropospheric flow was sampled by regional soundings, with the very
    weak vertical shear limiting the overall storm strength and
    persistence. Some of the stronger water-loaded downdrafts could
    produce strong gusts with pockets of wind damage into the early
    evening. Low wind probabilities were trimmed out of southwest VA and
    adjacent western NC/northeast TN where temperatures will remain
    cool, limiting buoyancy. Low wind probabilities were also trimmed
    across central MS where only isolated storm coverage is anticipated.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 09/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 22 19:59:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026

    Valid 222000Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MUCH OF UTAH
    INTO ADJACENT PARTS OF WYOMING AND COLORADO... AND ACROSS A PORTION
    OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for severe wind gusts is expected today in Utah
    into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado. Thunderstorms capable
    of strong to locally severe damaging gusts are also possible across
    parts of the Southeast.

    ...20Z Update Southeastern US...

    The primary forecast update was to move the Marginal Risk area
    further south and east into central Georgia and southern Alabama,
    where thunderstorms have developed in an unstable airmass with steep
    low-level lapse rates. While a lack of vertical shear will support a disorganized storm mode, water-loaded downdrafts and associated
    severe thunderstorm gusts will be possible this afternoon into the
    early evening. Additional thunderstorm development along the diffuse
    cold front across Tennessee into northern Alabama will continue to
    progress into the Marginal Risk area, posing a primarily damaging
    wind threat.

    Otherwise, the forecast largely remains on track with minor
    adjustments to the thunder area based on current guidance. Damaging
    wind gusts are still anticipated this afternoon across portions of
    Utah into southwestern Wyoming and western Colorado. See the
    previous discussion for more detail.

    ..Halbert/Lyons.. 09/22/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1124 AM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026/

    ...Utah into southwest Wyoming and western Colorado...
    Recent water-vapor imagery shows a potent shortwave trough over the
    western Great Basin. Recent mesoanalysis estimates a belt of
    stronger mid-level flow extends throughout the eastern periphery of
    this wave from northern AZ into central UT. This shortwave is
    forecast to continue slowly northeastward today, with the
    accompanying belt of stronger flow extending through northern UT
    into western WY. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected
    this afternoon and evening across the region as lift attendant to
    this wave interacts with the modestly moist and buoyant airmass
    across the region. Buoyancy will likely remain modest (i.e. MLCAPE
    less than 1000 J/kg. Even so, moderate to strong vertical shear
    associated with the stronger mid-level flow will support organized
    storm structures. This shear combined with cold mid-level
    temperatures will support the potential for large hail.
    Additionally, high cloud bases and steep low-level lapse rates
    suggest strong gusts are possible with any of the more robust
    storms. This activity will eventually move into western CO and
    southwest WY towards the late afternoon/early evening with isolated
    severe gusts and/or large hail remaining possible within the
    stronger cores and associated outflows.

    ...Southeast...
    Recent surface analysis places a diffuse cold front from the
    Arklatex northeast into far western VA where it intersects the wedge
    front over the Mid-Atlantic. This front is expected to gradually
    shift southward today, interacting with the moist airmass across the
    Southeast to support thunderstorm development. The strongest
    buoyancy (i.e. 1500 to 2000 J/kg of MLCAPE) is expected from
    western/central SC into central AL, where afternoon temperatures
    will likely reach the 90s amid low 70s dewpoints. Weak low to mid
    tropospheric flow was sampled by regional soundings, with the very
    weak vertical shear limiting the overall storm strength and
    persistence. Some of the stronger water-loaded downdrafts could
    produce strong gusts with pockets of wind damage into the early
    evening. Low wind probabilities were trimmed out of southwest VA and
    adjacent western NC/northeast TN where temperatures will remain
    cool, limiting buoyancy. Low wind probabilities were also trimmed
    across central MS where only isolated storm coverage is anticipated.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 23 00:47:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230045

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 PM CDT Tue Sep 22 2026

    Valid 230100Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe threat is forecast across the continental U.S. through
    daybreak on Wednesday.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, water vapor imagery shows a ridge in place over the south-central U.S., with a trough located in the Intermountain West.
    Ahead of the trough, scattered thunderstorms will persist over a
    weakly unstable airmass from this evening into tonight in parts of
    the Intermountain West and Rockies. Scattered thunderstorms will
    also persist within a moist airmass this evening over parts of the
    Gulf Coast northeastward into the Carolinas. No severe threat is
    expected through daybreak on Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 09/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 23 05:34:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230533
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230531

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible this afternoon across parts of the southern Appalachians.

    ...Southern Appalachians...
    At mid-levels, a low and an associated shortwave trough will move
    eastward across the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys today. Ahead of the
    system, a surface trough will be in place from central Alabama
    northeastward into eastern Tennessee. Surface dewpoints near the
    trough will be in the mid to upper 60s F, which will help MLCAPE
    increase into the 1000 to 1500 J/kg by afternoon. As low-level
    convergence becomes focused this afternoon along and near the
    trough, scattered thunderstorms will form. RAP forecast soundings
    near the instability axis at 21Z have 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 40
    knot range, with steep low-level lapse rates. This may support a
    potential for isolated severe gusts and hail with the stronger
    multicells. The severe threat should be concentrated around peak
    heating.

    ..Broyles/Thornton.. 09/23/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 23 12:28:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231228
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231226

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0726 AM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026

    Valid 231300Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    WESTERN DAKOTAS AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this afternoon across
    parts of the western Dakotas and southern Appalachians.

    ...Western Dakotas...
    Water-vapor imagery this morning shows a mid-level trough moving
    northeast across WY/MT. This upper disturbance will move into the
    western Dakotas by late afternoon and gradually deamplify as it
    reaches the Red River Valley by daybreak Thursday. A lee trough
    will facilitate the maintenance of a moisture plume extending
    northward from the central High Plains into the western Dakotas.
    Model forecast soundings show around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE developing
    with marginally steep lapse rates. Widely scattered thunderstorms
    are forecast to develop as convective inhibition erodes in the
    vicinity of the lee trough and the Black Hills this afternoon. Some
    elongation of the hodograph may aid in some storm organization
    potential, with the stronger thunderstorms perhaps yielding an
    isolated risk for marginally severe hail/gusts through early
    evening.

    ...Southern Appalachians...
    A mid-level vorticity maximum will move southeast today from the
    lower OH Valley into the southern Appalachians. An inverted trough
    co-located with a regionally greater reservoir of low-level moisture
    (i.e., surface dewpoints in the 60s deg F), will focus thunderstorm
    development this afternoon. Extensive low cloud cover will likely
    inhibit strong heating and lends considerable uncertainty regarding destabilization and the potential for stronger thunderstorm
    development. Forecast soundings show that despite limited low to
    mid-level lapse rates, perhaps 250-750 J/kg MLCAPE may develop by
    mid afternoon. Strong to locally damaging thunderstorm gusts may
    occur with the stronger storms. Have removed low hail probabilities
    due in part to the 12 UTC Nashville, TN raob depicting poor 700-500
    mb lapse rates (4.8 deg C/km) and limited forecast buoyancy.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/23/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 23 16:24:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231624
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231622

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026

    Valid 231630Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE WESTERN DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this afternoon across
    parts of the western Dakotas.

    ...Western Dakotas...
    Recent surface analysis placed a low over far southeast MT, with a
    lee trough extending southward from this low across the High Plains
    into far West TX. A plume of moderate low-level moisture exists just
    east of this troughing, with upper 50s dewpoints currently reaching
    into southwest SD and mid 50s into western ND. This lee trough will
    help facilitate the maintenance of this moisture plume as the
    shortwave trough currently moving through WY and eastern MT
    continues northeastward into the region today and tonight.

    Widely scattered thunderstorms are forecast to develop as convective
    inhibition erodes in the vicinity of the lee trough and the Black
    Hills this afternoon. Strengthening southwesterly flow aloft will
    result in moderate deep-layer vertical shear (i.e. 30 to 40 kt from
    0-6 km) amid 500 to 1000 J/kg of MLCAPE. This shear may aid in some
    storm organization potential, with the stronger thunderstorms
    perhaps yielding an isolated risk for marginally severe hail/gusts
    through early evening.

    ...Southern Appalachians...
    Recent visible satellite imagery shows widespread low stratus across
    both the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas and farther east over much of the TN
    Valley. There is corridor between these regions from roughly
    northwest GA across far eastern TN/far western NC into far western
    VA where less low-level cloud cover is in place, replaced by more
    vertically developed structures. Temperatures in this region range
    from the upper 70s across northwest GA to the upper 60s/low 70s
    across far western VA. There is also slightly greater low-level
    moisture in this region (i.e. low 70s dewpoints), and these
    thermodynamic conditions are supporting modest buoyancy. This
    buoyancy explains the deeper clouds and recent lightning that has
    been observed in eastern TN. Thunderstorm activity will likely
    persist in this region throughout the day, supported by large-scale
    ascent attendant to an approaching shortwave trough and mesoscale
    convergence on an inverted surface trough that extends from southern
    AL into the southern KY/VA border vicinity. Some increase in the
    mid-level flow is anticipated as the shortwave moves through, but
    modest buoyancy and a mostly cluster multicellular mode should keep
    severe potential low. As such, removed the 5% wind probabilities
    across the region.

    ..Mosier/Gleason.. 09/23/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 23 20:00:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 232000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231958

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 PM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026

    Valid 232000Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PATS OF
    THE WESTERN DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this afternoon across
    parts of the western Dakotas.

    ...20Z Update...

    The forecast for this afternoon remains largely on track. Isolated
    damaging wind gusts and severe hail are possible late this afternoon
    across portions of the Western Dakotas, where moisture pooling has
    resulted in upper-50s to low-60s F dewpoints coincident with
    clearing on visible satellite. Moderate deep-layer shear and modest
    buoyancy will support organized storms and potentially transient
    supercells. Given the potential for supercells, adequate buoyancy
    and shear combinations, and cooler temperatures aloft, a CIG 1 area
    was introduced to highlight the potential for isolated occurrences
    of 2" hail, particularly with any stronger/more organized supercell
    structures. See the previous discussion for more details.

    ..Halbert/Lyons.. 09/23/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1122 AM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026/

    ...Western Dakotas...
    Recent surface analysis placed a low over far southeast MT, with a
    lee trough extending southward from this low across the High Plains
    into far West TX. A plume of moderate low-level moisture exists just
    east of this troughing, with upper 50s dewpoints currently reaching
    into southwest SD and mid 50s into western ND. This lee trough will
    help facilitate the maintenance of this moisture plume as the
    shortwave trough currently moving through WY and eastern MT
    continues northeastward into the region today and tonight.

    Widely scattered thunderstorms are forecast to develop as convective
    inhibition erodes in the vicinity of the lee trough and the Black
    Hills this afternoon. Strengthening southwesterly flow aloft will
    result in moderate deep-layer vertical shear (i.e. 30 to 40 kt from
    0-6 km) amid 500 to 1000 J/kg of MLCAPE. This shear may aid in some
    storm organization potential, with the stronger thunderstorms
    perhaps yielding an isolated risk for marginally severe hail/gusts
    through early evening.

    ...Southern Appalachians...
    Recent visible satellite imagery shows widespread low stratus across
    both the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas and farther east over much of the TN
    Valley. There is corridor between these regions from roughly
    northwest GA across far eastern TN/far western NC into far western
    VA where less low-level cloud cover is in place, replaced by more
    vertically developed structures. Temperatures in this region range
    from the upper 70s across northwest GA to the upper 60s/low 70s
    across far western VA. There is also slightly greater low-level
    moisture in this region (i.e. low 70s dewpoints), and these
    thermodynamic conditions are supporting modest buoyancy. This
    buoyancy explains the deeper clouds and recent lightning that has
    been observed in eastern TN. Thunderstorm activity will likely
    persist in this region throughout the day, supported by large-scale
    ascent attendant to an approaching shortwave trough and mesoscale
    convergence on an inverted surface trough that extends from southern
    AL into the southern KY/VA border vicinity. Some increase in the
    mid-level flow is anticipated as the shortwave moves through, but
    modest buoyancy and a mostly cluster multicellular mode should keep
    severe potential low. As such, removed the 5% wind probabilities
    across the region.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 01:03:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240103
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed Sep 23 2026

    Valid 240100Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    WESTERN DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this evening across parts
    of the western Dakotas.

    ...01z Update...
    Primary severe potential will be relatively short term and focused
    across the western Dakotas, with isolated severe hail and wind
    remaining possible on an isolated basis this evening. These storms
    are being influenced by a northeastward-transitioning shortwave
    trough and related belt of moderately strong flow aloft. Sufficient
    instability exists potentially for an additional severe storm or
    two, but nocturnal boundary layer influences will become more
    prevalent over time, with a diminishing intensity trend expected.

    ..Guyer.. 09/24/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 05:35:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240535
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240532

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 AM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely today and tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A relatively amplified large-scale pattern will exist over the
    CONUS, with south-central U.S. upper ridging flanked by an evolving
    upper trough along the Eastern Seaboard and an amplifying upper
    trough approaching the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ...Southern Arizona/southern New Mexico to southern High Plains...
    A belt of moderately strong southwesterly mid-level flow will
    prevail regionally, with a mid-level disturbance expected to spread northeastward from northern Baja toward Arizona, with multiple other convectively influenced perturbations spreading across New Mexico
    and the southern High Plains. Pockets of moderate destabilization
    could occur into peak heating across southeast Arizona/southern New
    Mexico, as well as the southern High Plains including parts of the
    Texas Panhandle and western portions of Oklahoma and Kansas. A few stronger/locally severe storms with hail and/or gusty winds could
    occur late this afternoon and early evening in these areas, but the
    overall magnitude/likelihood of severe storms is currently expected
    to remain relatively low.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 09/24/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 06:21:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240620
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240617

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 AM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely today and tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A relatively amplified large-scale pattern will exist over the
    CONUS, with south-central U.S. upper ridging flanked by an evolving
    upper trough along the Eastern Seaboard and an amplifying upper
    trough approaching the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ...Southern Arizona/southern New Mexico to southern High Plains...
    A belt of moderately strong southwesterly mid-level flow will
    prevail regionally, with a mid-level disturbance expected to spread northeastward from northern Baja toward Arizona, with multiple other convectively influenced perturbations spreading across New Mexico
    and the southern High Plains. Pockets of moderate destabilization
    could occur into peak heating across southeast Arizona/southern New
    Mexico, as well as the southern High Plains including parts of the
    Texas Panhandle and western portions of Oklahoma and Kansas. A few stronger/locally severe storms with hail and/or gusty winds could
    occur late this afternoon and early evening in these areas, but the
    overall magnitude/likelihood of severe storms is currently expected
    to remain relatively low.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 09/24/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 12:46:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241244

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 AM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 241300Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR A PORTION OF
    THE TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO NORTHWEST OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of marginally severe thunderstorms are possible late this
    afternoon into the early evening across parts of the southern High
    Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A relatively amplified large-scale pattern will exist over the
    CONUS, with south-central U.S. upper ridging flanked by an evolving
    upper trough along the Eastern Seaboard and an amplifying upper
    trough approaching the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ...TX Panhandle into northwest OK...
    A belt of moderately strong southwesterly mid-level flow will reside
    over the southern High Plains downstream of an upper trough over AZ
    and northwest Mexico. A moisture plume is evident in early morning
    surface observations (mid 60s to near 70 deg F) and GPS PW sensors
    extending from the middle coast of TX northwestward into the eastern
    part of the TX Panhandle. A mid to high-level cloud canopy,
    extending from the sub-tropical Pacific through the eastern portion
    of the larger-scale upper trough, will continue to overspread the
    northwestern envelop of richer moisture over the southern High
    Plains. Coincidentally with this mid to upper-level moisture and
    episodic shower/thunderstorm activity, mid-level lapse rates will
    remain modest and stronger boundary layer heating will likely be
    partially thwarted, especially with westward extent. Nonetheless,
    models show around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE developing by mid afternoon over
    northwest TX into western OK. Southeasterly low-level flow veering
    to southwesterly and strengthening to 25-30 kt at 500-mb will
    support some updraft organization potential, and the possibility for
    a couple of weak supercells to develop later this afternoon. The
    notion for a couple of semi-organized cells is seemingly supported
    by recent MPAS and REFS-based guidance from near the Caprock
    northeastward through northwest OK and perhaps adjacent portions of
    KS.

    ..Smith/Mead.. 09/24/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 16:16:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241616
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241614

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1114 AM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 241630Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE EASTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE...WESTERN OKLAHOMA...AND WESTERN
    KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of marginally severe thunderstorms are possible late this
    afternoon into the early evening across parts of the southern High
    Plains.

    ...TX Panhandle into northwest OK and southwest KS...
    An extensive plume of mid to upper level moisture currently extends
    from southern High Plains through central Plains into the eastern
    Dakotas and MN, evidenced by widespread cloudiness and embedded
    showers and isolated thunderstorms. This plume is supported by
    moderate southwesterly flow aloft between the upper ridging centered
    over the Middle/Upper TX coast and lower heights associated with an
    amplifying upper trough approaching the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    Recent surface analysis shows a corridor of greater low-level
    moisture (characterized by mid to upper 60s dewpoints) extending
    from the TX Low Rolling Plains through the eastern TX and OK
    Panhandles into far southwest KS. Much of this corridor of greater
    low-level moisture is just east of the cloudiness (and cooler
    surface temperatures) associated with the mid/upper moisture plume.
    This region should continue to heat, with afternoon temperatures
    reaching the mid to upper 80s. Lapse rates are poor, but the warm
    temperatures and ample low-level moisture will still support MLCAPE
    from 1500 to 2000 J/kg. This buoyancy combined with low-level
    convergence (either on outflow from the ongoing showers or as a
    result of differential heating) will support isolated to scattered thunderstorms this afternoon and evening. Vertical shear will be
    weak across much of the region, and a largely disorganized storm
    mode is anticipated. However, a few water-loaded downbursts are
    possible with the strongest cells.

    Slightly stronger large-scale forcing for ascent and vertical shear
    is expected into KS as a weak convectively augmented vorticity
    maximum moves trough. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are
    possible here as well, although weaker buoyancy should limit overall
    intensity. Even so, a couple of weak supercells capable of isolated
    hail and/or damaging gusts may occur.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/24/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Sep 24 19:53:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241953
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 242000Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE EASTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN
    KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of marginally severe thunderstorms remain possible late
    this afternoon into the early evening across parts of the southern
    High Plains.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update cycle
    as the forecast remains on track. See the discussion below and MCD
    #2327 for additional information.

    ..Chalmers/Wendt.. 09/24/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1114 AM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026/

    ...TX Panhandle into northwest OK and southwest KS...
    An extensive plume of mid to upper level moisture currently extends
    from southern High Plains through central Plains into the eastern
    Dakotas and MN, evidenced by widespread cloudiness and embedded
    showers and isolated thunderstorms. This plume is supported by
    moderate southwesterly flow aloft between the upper ridging centered
    over the Middle/Upper TX coast and lower heights associated with an
    amplifying upper trough approaching the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    Recent surface analysis shows a corridor of greater low-level
    moisture (characterized by mid to upper 60s dewpoints) extending
    from the TX Low Rolling Plains through the eastern TX and OK
    Panhandles into far southwest KS. Much of this corridor of greater
    low-level moisture is just east of the cloudiness (and cooler
    surface temperatures) associated with the mid/upper moisture plume.
    This region should continue to heat, with afternoon temperatures
    reaching the mid to upper 80s. Lapse rates are poor, but the warm
    temperatures and ample low-level moisture will still support MLCAPE
    from 1500 to 2000 J/kg. This buoyancy combined with low-level
    convergence (either on outflow from the ongoing showers or as a
    result of differential heating) will support isolated to scattered thunderstorms this afternoon and evening. Vertical shear will be
    weak across much of the region, and a largely disorganized storm
    mode is anticipated. However, a few water-loaded downbursts are
    possible with the strongest cells.

    Slightly stronger large-scale forcing for ascent and vertical shear
    is expected into KS as a weak convectively augmented vorticity
    maximum moves trough. Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are
    possible here as well, although weaker buoyancy should limit overall
    intensity. Even so, a couple of weak supercells capable of isolated
    hail and/or damaging gusts may occur.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 25 00:50:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250050
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250048

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0748 PM CDT Thu Sep 24 2026

    Valid 250100Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    OVER PARTS OF THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe storm or two remains possible in the Texas
    Panhandle this evening.

    ...TX Panhandle...
    Multiple clusters of strong thunderstorms that affected parts of the
    central High Plains have begun to weakening as diurnal cooling
    commences. Nevertheless, a locally severe wind gust remains
    possible for another 1-2 hours over parts of the TX Panhandle, where
    relatively steep low-level lapse rates and sufficient CAPE are
    present.

    Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms will be possible this evening and
    into the night across parts of the Southwest states and southern
    Rockies, and over deep south TX. Severe storms are not anticipated
    in these areas.

    ..Hart.. 09/25/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 25 05:09:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250509
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250507

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1207 AM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected Friday.

    ...Western OK...
    An upper ridge axis will extend from TX to MN on Friday, with an
    upper trough rotating eastward out of NM into the southern Plains. Considerable coverage of thunderstorms has developed this evening
    over NM, and is expected to spread northeastward overnight into west
    TX and western OK. The associated high-clouds will slow/lessen
    daytime heating. A few of the 00z CAM solutions indicate some
    concern for a few strong storms across parts of western OK on Friday
    afternoon. If strong heating can occur, these storms could pose a
    risk of locally damaging gusts. Due to the approaching cloud cover,
    will hold off on severe probabilities at this time and re-evaluate
    in later outlooks.

    ...Central/Northeast NM...
    Relatively cool mid-level temperatures will be present on Friday
    over much of the southwest US, with widespread weak CAPE leading to
    scattered coverage of afternoon thunderstorms across much of NM.
    Forecast soundings over central/northeast NM show some risk of hail
    in the stronger cells. However, parameters are rather weak for
    severe-caliber hail so will forego an upgrade at this time.

    ..Hart/Weinman.. 09/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 25 12:22:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251222
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251220

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0720 AM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026

    Valid 251300Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected today.

    ...Western OK...
    Water-vapor imagery and radar mosaic this morning show a
    convectively modified disturbance over eastern NM lifting to the
    northeast towards the central High Plains. Mid to high-level clouds
    will be prevalent today over western OK downstream of an upper
    trough and associated with high-level moisture emanating from
    tropical origins over the east Pacific. Model forecast soundings
    indicate mid-level lapse rates will be modest (upwards of 1500 J/kg
    MLCAPE). It remains uncertain whether a stronger storm or two will
    develop late this afternoon with an accompanying low-probability
    threat for a severe gust.

    ...Southern half of NM...
    In wake of an early day MCS across southeast and eastern NM, some
    heating will likely occur within a dry slot wrapping through the
    base of a Four Corners upper trough. Due in part to the convective
    overturning of the MCS, there is some uncertainty regarding the
    quality of boundary layer moisture and instability forecast later
    this afternoon. A couple of stronger cells could develop with some
    risk for hail, but there is low confidence in a severe-caliber
    threat accompanying these potential storms late this afternoon.

    ..Smith/Bentley.. 09/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 25 16:11:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251611
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251609

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1109 AM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026

    Valid 251630Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected today.

    ...Synopsis...

    An MCS is decaying across the TX Panhandle/South Plains late this
    morning. Outflow associated with this area of convection is
    spreading south and east, while areas of rain and cloud cover slowly
    develop northeastward toward western OK. In the wake of this early
    day convection, some airmass recovery and modest destabilization is
    possible across southeast NM into far southwest TX where stronger
    heating is occurring amid more scattered cloudiness. Likewise,
    across western OK ahead of the TX Panhandle convection and outflow,
    more isolated cloud cover is allowing for stronger heating of a
    moist boundary layer.

    ...Southeast NM/Southwest TX...

    Midlevel lapse rates are expected to remain modest and MLCAPE will
    range from 500-1000 J/kg by mid/late afternoon. Isolated convection
    may develop near higher terrain initially across southeast
    NM/southwest TX. A storm or two could briefly become strong and
    produce marginal hail, but the severe risk is expected to be
    tempered by the marginal thermodynamic/kinematic parameter space in
    the wake of the early day MCS.

    ...Western OK...

    While currently mostly sunny across western OK, afternoon heating
    could become muted by cloud cover as showers associated with the
    ongoing TX Panhandle activity spread east/northeast the next few
    hours. This could limit stronger destabilization/steepening of
    low-level lapse rates within a modestly sheared environment. A
    strong gust or two could occur if sufficient heating/steepening of
    low-level lapse rates unfolds. However, given modest vertical shear,
    weak midlevel lapse rates, and marginal instability, the overall
    severe risk appears limited.

    ..Leitman/Chalmers.. 09/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Sep 25 19:53:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251953
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026

    Valid 252000Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected today.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update as the
    forecast remains largely on track. Isolated thunderstorm development
    is noted across portions of western Oklahoma as of 1945 UTC, but
    cloud cover continues to generally temper surface heating ahead of
    this activity. While a stronger gust or two may still be possible
    (particularly where any developing convection can interact with
    pockets of stronger heating/greater low-level lapse rates), the
    overall severe risk continues to appear limited owing to the
    marginal thermodynamic/kinematic environment.

    While the overall environment is marginally more favorable farther
    southwest across portions of southeast NM/West TX, relatively poor
    mid-level lapse rates and the displacement of better synoptic-scale
    forcing for ascent farther to the northwest suggest that convection
    will largely be tied to terrain influences. Coupled with a
    relatively narrow zone of greater buoyancy (as depicted by 19z
    objective analysis), this suggests that the overall severe risk
    should remain limited.

    See the discussion below for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Dean.. 09/25/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1109 AM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026/

    ...Synopsis...

    An MCS is decaying across the TX Panhandle/South Plains late this
    morning. Outflow associated with this area of convection is
    spreading south and east, while areas of rain and cloud cover slowly
    develop northeastward toward western OK. In the wake of this early
    day convection, some airmass recovery and modest destabilization is
    possible across southeast NM into far southwest TX where stronger
    heating is occurring amid more scattered cloudiness. Likewise,
    across western OK ahead of the TX Panhandle convection and outflow,
    more isolated cloud cover is allowing for stronger heating of a
    moist boundary layer.

    ...Southeast NM/Southwest TX...

    Midlevel lapse rates are expected to remain modest and MLCAPE will
    range from 500-1000 J/kg by mid/late afternoon. Isolated convection
    may develop near higher terrain initially across southeast
    NM/southwest TX. A storm or two could briefly become strong and
    produce marginal hail, but the severe risk is expected to be
    tempered by the marginal thermodynamic/kinematic parameter space in
    the wake of the early day MCS.

    ...Western OK...

    While currently mostly sunny across western OK, afternoon heating
    could become muted by cloud cover as showers associated with the
    ongoing TX Panhandle activity spread east/northeast the next few
    hours. This could limit stronger destabilization/steepening of
    low-level lapse rates within a modestly sheared environment. A
    strong gust or two could occur if sufficient heating/steepening of
    low-level lapse rates unfolds. However, given modest vertical shear,
    weak midlevel lapse rates, and marginal instability, the overall
    severe risk appears limited.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 26 00:47:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260045

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 PM CDT Fri Sep 25 2026

    Valid 260100Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected this evening and
    overnight.

    ...Synopsis...

    Scattered thunderstorms continue this afternoon/evening across
    portions of the central and southern Rockies and Plains as shortwave
    trough moves northeast. Additional thunderstorms may occur across
    portions of far south Florida and across portions of the Pacific Northwest/Northern Rockies. Although an occasional strong wind gust
    or small hail may occur with the most intense thunderstorms,
    organized severe thunderstorm hazards are not expected.

    ..Marsh.. 09/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 26 06:02:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail and strong outflow winds may accompany thunderstorms
    across portions of the southern Plains today.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A series of three mid-level troughs will impact portions of the
    CONUS today. The easternmost trough is an occluding low off the
    Northeast coast that will bring gusty winds and a threat of isolated thunderstorms to portions of southern New England within the
    associated surface cyclone's warm conveyor belt. The westernmost
    trough will lift northward from portions of the interior Pacific
    Northwest and northern Rockies into western Canada, resulting in
    breezy conditions in its wake.

    The third trough, and associated moisture plume, will lift northeast
    across the central CONUS today. As it does, overnight/morning
    convection will slowly move east across portions of Oklahoma and
    Kansas before weakening during the late morning. In the wake of this convection, strong diurnal heating should promote a well-mixed
    boundary layer. Additionally, sufficient low-level convergence along
    a residual surface trough stretching from northwest Texas into
    central Kansas should yield at least scattered surface-based
    thunderstorms. Steep low-level lapse rates will support strong,
    gusty thunderstorm outflows. Additionally, cloud-layer shear may be
    sufficient to support an isolated large hail threat with the
    strongest thunderstorm cores.

    ..Marsh/Weinman.. 09/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 26 11:57:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 261156
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261155

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0655 AM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026

    Valid 261300Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR WESTERN
    OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail and strong outflow winds may accompany thunderstorms
    across portions of the southern Plains late this afternoon into the
    early evening.

    ...Western OK into northwest TX...
    Water-vapor imagery this morning shows an upper trough over the
    central and southern High Plains moving northeast while a
    smaller-scale upper jet moves across the TX Panhandle into OK. A
    lee trough will extend southward through the High Plains and act to
    maintain southerly low-level flow and a fetch of modest moisture
    (surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F). Scattered showers
    and thunderstorms ongoing this morning will likely dissipate with
    additional storm activity expected to develop around 21-23 UTC.
    Sufficiently steepened low-level lapse rates by mid afternoon and
    the erosion of MLCINH will likely result in widely scattered to
    scattered storms developing from south-central KS through western OK
    and parts of west/northwest TX. Adequately strong deep-layer shear
    for storm organization will aid in a few of the stronger
    thunderstorms to be capable of an isolated threat for large hail and
    severe gusts (mainly 22z-02z).

    Elsewhere, quiescent conditions for severe weather are expected to
    prevail.

    ..Smith/Bentley.. 09/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 26 16:17:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 261617
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261615

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026

    Valid 261630Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FROM WESTERN OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail and strong outflow winds may accompany thunderstorms
    across portions of the southern Plains late this afternoon into the
    early evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A midlevel shortwave trough over KS/OK will continue generally
    eastward through the larger-scale ridge and slowly weaken by
    tonight. Scattered convection and widespread clouds persist this
    morning from southwest OK into KS in the primary zone of ascent
    preceding the midlevel trough, though clearing from the west is
    expected this afternoon. Surface heating west of the clouds and
    within an axis of low-level moisture (boundary-layer dewpoints in
    the low-mid 60s) along a weak surface trough could support
    additional, surface-based thunderstorms this afternoon across
    western OK into northwest TX. Relatively deep mixing/inverted-V
    profiles appear to favor isolated strong outflow gusts as the
    primary hazard late this afternoon/evening. Vertical shear will be
    on the lower margins for supercells with marginally severe hail.

    Elsewhere, occasional/mainly elevated thunderstorms will be possible
    through tonight from northeast OK northward to IA. Other isolated
    lightning flashes will remain possible through the day near the
    southeast New England coast with elevated convection atop a
    low-level warm advection regime.

    ..Thompson/Chalmers.. 09/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Sep 26 19:52:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 261951
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 261950

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 PM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026

    Valid 262000Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FROM WESTERN OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail and strong outflow winds may accompany thunderstorms
    across portions of the southern Plains late this afternoon into the
    early evening.

    ...20z Update...
    The forecast remains generally on track, with only a slight
    southward expansion of the 5% wind probability area made with this
    update based on latest environmental/observational trends. As of
    1945 UTC, a deepening cumulus field was noted on visible satellite
    imagery from West Texas into southwestern Oklahoma, with isolated
    thunderstorm development ongoing across the higher terrain of
    southwest Texas. Temperatures have generally warmed into the
    upper-80s to mid-90s F across much of the region, with T-Td spreads
    approaching 30 F in some parts of northwest Texas. Coupled with
    steep low-level lapse rates, this may support isolated potential for strong/damaging outflow wind gusts. with an instance of large hail
    also possible (primarily farther north where deep-layer shear is
    forecast to be marginally stronger). A lack of stronger
    synoptic-scale forcing for ascent, generally weak/modest low- to mid-tropospheric flow, and poor mid-level lapse rates are expected
    to limit overall convective intensity and severe coverage, however.

    ..Chalmers/Thompson.. 09/26/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1115 AM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    A midlevel shortwave trough over KS/OK will continue generally
    eastward through the larger-scale ridge and slowly weaken by
    tonight. Scattered convection and widespread clouds persist this
    morning from southwest OK into KS in the primary zone of ascent
    preceding the midlevel trough, though clearing from the west is
    expected this afternoon. Surface heating west of the clouds and
    within an axis of low-level moisture (boundary-layer dewpoints in
    the low-mid 60s) along a weak surface trough could support
    additional, surface-based thunderstorms this afternoon across
    western OK into northwest TX. Relatively deep mixing/inverted-V
    profiles appear to favor isolated strong outflow gusts as the
    primary hazard late this afternoon/evening. Vertical shear will be
    on the lower margins for supercells with marginally severe hail.

    Elsewhere, occasional/mainly elevated thunderstorms will be possible
    through tonight from northeast OK northward to IA. Other isolated
    lightning flashes will remain possible through the day near the
    southeast New England coast with elevated convection atop a
    low-level warm advection regime.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 27 00:32:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 270031
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 270030

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 PM CDT Sat Sep 26 2026

    Valid 270100Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail and strong outflow winds may accompany thunderstorms
    across portions of the southern Plains this evening into the
    overnight.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Scattered thunderstorms continue to develop this evening along a
    surface trough across western Oklahoma and northwest Texas, or along
    a myriad of outflow boundaries from prior convection (as is the case
    across southwest Oklahoma). The airmass ahead of these storms is
    still quite warm, with 90F temperatures as far north as portions of
    northwest Oklahoma. These warm surface temperatures are contributing
    to steep low-level lapse rates conducive to downward momentum
    transfer and isolated damaging thunderstorm outflows. Although the
    most likely threat will be strong, gusty winds, the degree of
    instability and strength of the cloud-layer vertical shear may
    support a marginally severe hail threat with the strongest cores.

    This activity should continue into the evening hours before
    weakening low-level lapse rates and increasing surface-based
    inhibition diminishes the overall severe threat.

    ..Marsh.. 09/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 27 06:44:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 270554
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 270552

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1252 AM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms capable of large hail will be possible across
    portions of western Nebraska and the Black Hills of South Dakota.

    ... Synopsis ...

    The midlevel pattern across the CONUS today will feature a nearly
    stationary occluding cyclone southeast of Long Island, broad
    anticyclonic flow across the middle of the country, and a deep
    trough moving into northern and central California. Additionally, a
    subtle vorticity maxima is forecast to lift quickly from near the
    southern California coast toward the northern Plains.


    ... Portions of the Central and Northern High Plains ...

    Diurnal heating of a seasonably moist airmass will result in between
    1000-2000 J/kg of SBCAPE during the afternoon. The atmosphere is
    likely to be capped during the afternoon, although an isolated
    thunderstorm or two are possible. Large hail and strong thunderstorm
    winds will be possible with any surface-based thunderstorms that do
    develop. During the evening, thunderstorm coverage may increase in
    response to increasing large-scale ascent associated with the
    approaching subtle vorticity maxima and an increase in the low-level
    jet. Large hail will be possible with the strongest of these storms.

    ..Marsh.. 09/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 27 12:32:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 271300Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms capable of large hail will be possible across
    portions of western Nebraska and the Black Hills of South Dakota.

    ...Portions of the Central and Northern High Plains ...
    A residual moist axis over the Plains will feature 60s deg F surface
    dewpoints extending from the southern Plains northward into NE/SD.
    The western periphery of the moist plume will undergo strong heating
    despite some increasing high cloud cover. Forcing will likely
    remain negligible through the day and limit storm coverage with
    moderate buoyancy developing in western NE. During the evening,
    thunderstorm coverage may increase in response to increasing
    large-scale ascent associated with an approaching subtle vorticity
    maxima and an increase in the low-level jet. Large hail will be
    possible with the strongest of these storms.

    Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms are forecast over north and
    central TX late this afternoon, as well as isolated to widely
    scattered storms over northern UT into central WY. Localized gusty
    winds are possible with the stronger storms, but uncertainty in
    expected coverage of these gusts and magnitude of the potential
    threat preclude a low-probability severe highlight this outlook
    update.

    ..Smith/Bentley.. 09/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 27 16:32:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 271630Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe storms are not expected through early Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An occluded cyclone will slowly weaken near the northern
    Mid-Atlantic coast, with lingering potential for elevated convection
    and isolated lightning flashes to its northeast across southeast New
    England. Farther west, weak ridging aloft will extend from the
    southern High Plains toward MN. A few thunderstorms will be
    possible late this afternoon/evening along a diffuse surface
    boundary from north TX into southern OK. The strongest storms may
    produce gusty outflow winds given steep low-level lapse rates with
    afternoon mixing, but the severe threat appears too low to justify
    adding severe-wind probabilities.

    Slightly elevated convection is ongoing across central SD in a zone
    of weak low-level frontogenesis, coincident with midlevel lapse
    rates near 8 C/km and MUCAPE close to 1000 J/kg. Deep-layer
    vertical shear is on the lower margins for storm organization, but
    it appears this convection has already peaked. Additional elevated thunderstorms are expected overnight from western SD into ND as
    low-level warm advection increases in association with embedded
    speed maxima downstream from a midlevel trough moving across CA/NV.
    While an isolated hail report could occur overnight as far northeast
    as southwest ND, the overall threat is low and when combined with
    the questionable threat for diurnal convection across the central
    High Plains, the MRGL area has been removed.

    ..Thompson/Chalmers.. 09/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Sep 27 19:59:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 271959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 271957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 272000Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe storms are not expected through early Monday.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update cycle.
    Isolated convective development is ongoing across portions of
    central/north Texas as of 1945 UTC. While an isolated
    strong/damaging wind gust cannot be ruled out with this activity
    owing to steep low-level lapse rates and moderate buoyancy, weak
    lower tropospheric flow (as depicted by regional VWPs), limited
    effective shear, and poor mid-level lapse rates should largely
    temper overall convective intensity. Thus, the severe threat
    continues to appear too low (less than 5%) to warrant the inclusion
    of severe probabilities. See the discussion below for additional
    details.

    ..Chalmers/Guyer.. 09/27/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1137 AM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    An occluded cyclone will slowly weaken near the northern
    Mid-Atlantic coast, with lingering potential for elevated convection
    and isolated lightning flashes to its northeast across southeast New
    England. Farther west, weak ridging aloft will extend from the
    southern High Plains toward MN. A few thunderstorms will be
    possible late this afternoon/evening along a diffuse surface
    boundary from north TX into southern OK. The strongest storms may
    produce gusty outflow winds given steep low-level lapse rates with
    afternoon mixing, but the severe threat appears too low to justify
    adding severe-wind probabilities.

    Slightly elevated convection is ongoing across central SD in a zone
    of weak low-level frontogenesis, coincident with midlevel lapse
    rates near 8 C/km and MUCAPE close to 1000 J/kg. Deep-layer
    vertical shear is on the lower margins for storm organization, but
    it appears this convection has already peaked. Additional elevated thunderstorms are expected overnight from western SD into ND as
    low-level warm advection increases in association with embedded
    speed maxima downstream from a midlevel trough moving across CA/NV.
    While an isolated hail report could occur overnight as far northeast
    as southwest ND, the overall threat is low and when combined with
    the questionable threat for diurnal convection across the central
    High Plains, the MRGL area has been removed.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 28 00:49:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 280048
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 280046

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 PM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 280100Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe storms are not expected tonight.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Several different regimes of thunderstorms are ongoing this evening
    across the CONUS and others may develop overnight.

    The first of these is across portions of Texas and far southern
    Oklahoma. Here, a moist airmass combined with strong diurnal heating
    and weak surface convergence have supported scattered
    strong-to-marginally severe thunderstorms. The strongest of these
    storms will continue to pose a gusty wind threat for another couple
    of hours before nocturnal cooling weakens low-level lapse rates and
    decreases the greater wind potential.

    A second area is in and near western portions of Cherry County,
    Nebraska. Here, a couple of intense supercells have developed this
    afternoon, with MRMS MESH suggesting hail perhaps in excess of 3" in
    diameter at various times this afternoon. These nearly stationary
    storms will persist for another couple of hours before weakening
    with the loss of diurnal heating.

    A third area is located across the central Rockies where large-scale
    ascent associated with a subtle short-wave trough embedded in the
    southwest mid-level flow has combined with modest instability. These thunderstorms should progress eastward during the evening hours.
    Additional thunderstorms are likely to form ahead of these across
    the northern Plains this evening and overnight as low-level warm-air
    advection strengthens.

    Elsewhere, a couple of ongoing thunderstorms will persist for a few
    more hours across northern California and southern Oregon, and a
    couple of lightning strikes cannot be ruled out overnight across
    portions of southern and eastern New England as the intense, nearly
    stationary east coast cyclone begins to slowly move northward toward
    the southern New England coast.

    ..Marsh.. 09/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 28 04:53:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 280453
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 280451

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1151 PM CDT Sun Sep 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm probability remains low on Monday.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A broad mid/upper-level trough will move inland over California and
    begin to close off over the lower Colorado River Valley, while a
    weaker shortwave trough moves through the northern Rockies.
    Large-scale flow around the Southwest US trough will draw deep
    tropical moisture tied to Hurricane Polo and remnants of Odalys
    northward into the Southwest. Downstream of this, a weaker mid-level
    short-wave trough will move across the northern Rockies, mid-level
    ridging will persist across the central US and a weakening
    vertically stacked cyclone will begin to move northeast along the
    southern New England coast.

    At the surface, a weak trough will sharpen along the lee of the
    northern Rockies ahead of a surface cold front that will move
    southeast into the northern and central Dakotas overnight.


    ... Northern High Plains ...

    Persistent southerly low-level flow will keep modest moisture over
    the northern High Plains. Warm-advection showers and thunderstorms
    along the low-level jet axis Monday morning, followed by thickening mid/high-level clouds, will likely limit destabilization. Where
    filtered sunshine is able to promote stronger surface heating, a
    corridor of MUCAPE between 500-1500 J/kg (per mean HREF values) may
    develop by late afternoon near the surface trough from northeast
    Wyoming, western South Dakota, and southwest/south-central North
    Dakota.

    Isolated storms may form near the trough in the late afternoon or
    early evening. Increasing mid-level flow ahead of the northern
    Rockies short-wave trough will provide sufficient vertical shear for
    a few thunderstorms capable of producing small to marginally severe
    hail. Additionally, locally strong thunderstorm wind gusts will be
    possible where the boundary layer becomes well mixed. However,
    modest mid-level warming, weak large-scale ascent, and uncertainty
    about whether intense storms form at all should keep any potential
    severe window narrow in space and time.

    More elevated storms are possible Monday night as the low-level jet
    strengthens and the cold front moves into the northern and central
    Dakotas. Buoyancy will weaken overnight and become increasingly
    elevated, which should limit any severe wind threat after dark.


    ... Southwest ...

    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected as an anomalously
    moist airmass spreads north ahead of the western trough. Widespread
    clouds and weak midlevel lapse rates should keep instability
    generally weak and storm organization limited. An isolated wet
    downburst is possible from heavier cores in any pockets of strong
    heating, but the severe threat appears too low to warrant
    unconditional probabilities.


    ... Northeast ...

    Showers and occasional embedded thunder -- mainly near the coast --
    may continue with the slowly weakening cyclone. Instability will be
    weak, so severe thunderstorm potential is extremely low. However,
    strong onshore gradient winds may cause isolated/sporadic damage.

    ..Marsh/Weinman.. 09/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 28 12:30:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 281230
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281228

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0728 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

    Valid 281300Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm probability remains low on Monday.

    ... Northern Plains ...
    Surface high pressure centered over the Great Lakes and a developing
    area of low pressure over the High Plains will maintain southerly
    flow and an adequately moist airmass over NE and the Dakotas.
    Ongoing scattered showers/thunderstorms will continue to move
    northeast, followed by thickening mid/high-level clouds, which will
    likely limit destabilization. However, some gradual warming through
    mid afternoon will favor 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE developing from
    western NE northward into ND. A surface trough will likely focus
    some of the isolated to scattered thunderstorms that eventually
    develop. Overall modest forcing for ascent and some elongation of
    forecast hodographs (mostly due to a 250-mb speed max) may yield a
    couple of strong thunderstorms developing. Uncertainty where the
    strongest storms develop and their intensity magnitude lend
    sufficient concern to preclude low-severe probabilities this outlook
    update. By later this evening, a re-invigoration of a southerly LLJ
    may continue to support elevated storms into the overnight.

    ... Southeast CA/southern NV/western AZ...
    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected as an anomalously
    moist airmass spreads north ahead of a mid-level shortwave trough
    forecast to move from the central Valleys to the lower CO River
    Valley during the period. Widespread clouds and weak midlevel lapse
    rates should keep instability generally limited through early
    afternoon before cloud cover mostly dissipates and a mid-level cold
    pocket arrives by early evening. A stronger storm or two is
    possible over this region but the stronger-storm threat combined
    with remaining uncertainty in where the more vigorous storms will
    develop, appears too low to warrant unconditional probabilities.

    ..Smith/Bentley.. 09/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 28 16:30:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 281630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

    Valid 281630Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur this afternoon and
    evening across parts of western/northern South Dakota and vicinity.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Clouds and elevated thunderstorms remain prevalent late this morning
    across parts of the Dakotas. A narrow window for strong to locally
    severe thunderstorms may exist this afternoon/evening across parts
    of western/northern SD and vicinity as convection develops
    along/east of a weak surface trough. While lapse rates aloft should
    remain modest, filtered daytime heating with surface temperatures
    reaching the mid/upper 70s will probably be sufficient for robust
    thunderstorm development. A belt of modestly enhanced southwesterly
    mid-level flow will extend across the northern Rockies/Plains today,
    and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear should support updraft
    organization. Current expectations are for thunderstorms to
    initially form near the Black Hills by 20-22Z, and then spread east-northeastward along/near a surface front through the evening.
    The stronger cells may be capable of producing isolated hail and
    gusty winds, before convection tends to become elevated with
    eastward extent across northern SD/southern ND by late evening.

    ...Lower Colorado River Valley...
    Showers and thunderstorms should develop this afternoon as an
    anomalously moist low-level airmass spreads northward ahead of a
    mid-level shortwave trough forecast to move from CA/NV to the lower
    CO River Valley through the period. Cloudiness and weak mid-level
    lapse rates should limit instability through early afternoon, before
    cloud cover gradually diminishes through early evening. A stronger
    thunderstorm or two may occur parts of interior southern
    CA/northwest AZ/southern NV, but the overall risk for severe
    hail/wind appears too limited to include any probabilities for this
    region at this time.

    ..Gleason/Chalmers.. 09/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Sep 28 20:00:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 282000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281958

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 PM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

    Valid 282000Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur this afternoon and
    evening across parts of western/northern South Dakota and vicinity.

    ...20z Update...
    Latest observations depict a corridor of stronger surface heating
    and less prevalent cloud cover in the vicinity of northwestern South
    Dakota, with surface temperatures noted to have warmed into the
    low/mid 70s F downstream of developing convection near the WY/SD
    border. Thus, the existing Level 1/Marginal risk was expanded
    slightly to the northwest with this outlook update. See recently
    issued MCD #2330 and the text below for additional information.

    Elsewhere, the forecast remains generally on track, with only minor
    adjustments made to the general thunder area based on latest
    observational trends.

    ..Chalmers/Lyons.. 09/28/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026/

    ...Northern Plains...
    Clouds and elevated thunderstorms remain prevalent late this morning
    across parts of the Dakotas. A narrow window for strong to locally
    severe thunderstorms may exist this afternoon/evening across parts
    of western/northern SD and vicinity as convection develops
    along/east of a weak surface trough. While lapse rates aloft should
    remain modest, filtered daytime heating with surface temperatures
    reaching the mid/upper 70s will probably be sufficient for robust
    thunderstorm development. A belt of modestly enhanced southwesterly
    mid-level flow will extend across the northern Rockies/Plains today,
    and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear should support updraft
    organization. Current expectations are for thunderstorms to
    initially form near the Black Hills by 20-22Z, and then spread east-northeastward along/near a surface front through the evening.
    The stronger cells may be capable of producing isolated hail and
    gusty winds, before convection tends to become elevated with
    eastward extent across northern SD/southern ND by late evening.

    ...Lower Colorado River Valley...
    Showers and thunderstorms should develop this afternoon as an
    anomalously moist low-level airmass spreads northward ahead of a
    mid-level shortwave trough forecast to move from CA/NV to the lower
    CO River Valley through the period. Cloudiness and weak mid-level
    lapse rates should limit instability through early afternoon, before
    cloud cover gradually diminishes through early evening. A stronger
    thunderstorm or two may occur parts of interior southern
    CA/northwest AZ/southern NV, but the overall risk for severe
    hail/wind appears too limited to include any probabilities for this
    region at this time.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 29 00:50:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 290050
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290048

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0748 PM CDT Mon Sep 28 2026

    Valid 290100Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE WESTERN/CENTRAL DAKOTAS AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to locally severe storms remain possible this
    evening across parts of the western/central Dakotas and also the
    central High Plains.

    ...Parts of the Dakotas into the central High Plains...
    Widely scattered strong thunderstorms are ongoing this evening from
    eastern ND into western SD. While low/midlevel lapse rates are
    generally weak, relatively rich low-level moisture is supporting
    MLCAPE of near/above 1000 J/kg, with 25-35 kt of effective shear
    sufficient for occasional storm organization. Isolated hail and
    strong to severe gusts cannot be ruled out this evening, though a
    weakening trend is expected later tonight as convection becomes
    increasingly elevated with time.

    Farther south, isolated strong storms are ongoing this evening
    across parts of northwest NE, and also near the CO/KS border.
    Occasional supercell structures will be possible through dusk,
    though modest lapse rates and buoyancy may tend to limit the
    magnitude of the severe threat. See MCD 2332 for more information
    regarding the short-term threat in this area.

    ..Dean.. 09/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 29 05:37:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 290537
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290535

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 AM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    AND EASTERN NM INTO WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorm gusts and a couple of tornadoes will be
    possible this afternoon into tonight from southern and eastern New
    Mexico into west Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level low and attendant trough are forecast to move
    across the Desert Southwest through the period. In response to the
    approaching deep trough, Hurricane Polo is forecast to move from the
    Gulf of California into Sonora this morning. While the tropical
    cyclone is forecast to weaken over the mountainous terrain of
    northern Mexico later today, phasing of the midlevel remnant of Polo
    with the approaching deep mid/upper-level trough will result in a
    consolidating surface low that is forecast to move across eastern NM
    and west TX through the evening.

    ...Southern/eastern NM into west TX...
    Widespread convection is expected this afternoon into tonight from southern/eastern NM into west TX, as increasing large-scale ascent
    overspreads a very moist environment. The influence of the remnant
    tropical system will result in poor midlevel lapse rates, but
    increasing deep-layer flow/shear and enlarging low-level hodographs
    will favor some storm organization. The widespread storm coverage
    will result in a tendency toward complex or linear storm modes with
    time, though occasional supercells will also be possible. The weak
    lapse rates and modest buoyancy are expected to limit the magnitude
    of severe potential, but a localized tornado and severe-gust threat
    could accompany any organized storm structures this afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Arizona...
    Widespread convection is expected across parts of AZ this morning
    into the afternoon, in association with the primary mid/upper-level
    low. Some enhancement to deep-layer shear and low-level SRH is
    expected to accompany this system, but extensive cloudiness and
    precipitation will inhibit diurnal heating and destabilization. At
    this time, organized severe potential appears relatively low, but
    locally gusty winds and transient rotation may occur with the
    strongest convective elements. Trends will continue to monitored
    regarding potential for pockets of locally greater destabilization
    through the day.

    ..Dean/Weinman.. 09/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 29 12:53:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291253
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291251

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 AM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

    Valid 291300Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    ARIZONA/NEW MEXICO TO WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorm wind gusts and possibly a tornado or
    two could occur this afternoon into tonight from southern and
    eastern New Mexico into west Texas, and across southeast Arizona.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level low and attendant trough will move across the
    Desert Southwest through the period. In response to the approaching
    deep trough, Hurricane Polo is forecast to move from the Gulf of
    California into Sonora this morning. While the tropical cyclone is
    forecast to weaken over the mountainous terrain of northern Mexico
    later today, a phasing of the mid-level remnants of Polo with the
    approaching deep mid/upper-level trough will result in a
    consolidating surface low that is forecast to deepen and move across
    eastern New Mexico and west Texas tonight.

    ...Southern/eastern New Mexico to west Texas...
    Widespread convection is ongoing and expected to generally continue
    into this afternoon and tonight from southern/eastern New Mexico to
    west Texas, as increasing large-scale ascent overspreads a very
    moist environment. The influence of the remnant tropical system will
    result in poor mid-level lapse rates, but increasing deep-layer
    flow/shear and enlarging low-level hodographs will favor some storm organization, especially later this afternoon and evening. The
    widespread storm coverage will result in a tendency toward complex
    or linear storm modes with time, though a few/episodic supercells
    will also be possible. The weak lapse rates and modest buoyancy are
    expected to limit the overall magnitude of severe potential, but a
    localized tornado and severe-gust threat could accompany any
    organized storm structures, particularly this afternoon and evening,
    influenced by a nocturnally strengthening low-level jet.

    ...Southern Arizona...
    A moist environment resides in close proximity to the Southwest
    Deserts mid/upper-level low, with a belt of very strong deep-layer
    winds sampled in available 12z upper-air data and regional WSR-88D
    VWPs. Scattered thunderstorms are common this morning, and while
    this convection/related cloud cover will generally hinder overall destabilization, modest diurnal heating will probably lead to some
    convective intensification during the day. The strong nature of the
    wind profiles could support a few at least weak/transient
    supercells, and potentially more organized convective bands later
    today, with at least some potential for strong thunderstorm winds
    and mostly sub-severe hail.

    ..Guyer/Bentley.. 09/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 29 16:23:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291622
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291620

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

    Valid 291630Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    ARIZONA ACROSS SOUTHERN/EASTERN NEW MEXICO INTO WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorm wind gusts and possibly a tornado or
    two could occur this afternoon into tonight from southeast Arizona
    across southern and eastern New Mexico into west Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Fairly complex synoptic evolution is anticipated today through
    tonight as a remnants of what is currently Hurricane Polo become
    absorbed within the circulation of the deepening mid-latitude
    cyclone currently centered over the Lower CO River Valley. In
    general, the Lower CO River Valley cyclone is forecast to deepen as
    it gradually shifts eastward. In response, Hurricane Polo is
    forecast to move quickly northeastward across Sonora and into New
    Mexico. Polo is forecast to weaken over the mountainous terrain of
    northern Mexico, but will likely maintain some of its warm-core
    characteristics through at least tomorrow morning. Additionally,
    mass response across the southern High Plains will result in
    increasing low-level moisture advection across the southern Plains
    while also aiding in surface cyclogenesis across central and eastern
    NM late tonight/early tomorrow.

    ...Southern Arizona...
    Recent surface analysis reveals a very moist airmass over southern
    AZ, with a corridor of mid to upper 60s dewpoints extending from the
    central southern border into the Phoenix vicinity. Surface analysis
    also places a weak low over south-central AZ. VAD profiles from IWA
    and EMX both show fairly long hodographs, supported by 30 to 40 kt
    of low/mid-level southwesterly flow. Widespread showers and
    thunderstorms will likely continue throughout the day, with limited
    diurnal heating and weak tropical lapse rates keeping buoyancy
    modest. Even so, the strong nature of the wind profiles could
    support a few at least weak/transient supercells, and potentially
    more organized convective bands later today, with at least some
    potential for strong thunderstorm wind gusts.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Thunderstorm coverage is expected to increase notably this
    afternoon/evening as the core of Polo progresses into the region.
    Tropical character of the airmass will keep lapse rates poor while
    cloud cover also limits heating, limiting the overall buoyancy.
    Nonetheless, buoyant thermodynamic profiles are still expected to
    result in updrafts deep enough for lightning production.
    Additionally, low-level wind profiles are expected to lengthen
    significantly after 00Z as the remnants of Polo interact with a
    dynamically strengthening low-level jet. The widespread storm
    coverage will result in a tendency toward complex or linear storm
    modes with time, though a few/episodic supercells will also be
    possible. A brief tornado and/or strong wind gusts could accompany
    any organized, more persistent storm structures.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Sep 29 19:47:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 291947
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291945

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

    Valid 292000Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    ARIZONA ACROSS SOUTHERN/EASTERN NEW MEXICO INTO WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorm wind gusts and possibly a tornado or
    two could occur this afternoon into tonight from southeast Arizona
    across southern and eastern New Mexico into west Texas.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing severe probabilities with this
    update as the forecast remains generally on track. An increase in
    thunderstorm coverage (likely in the form of a complex/linear storm
    mode) is expected this afternoon/evening as the remnant core of Polo
    progresses northeastward into the southern High Plains. As this
    occurs, isolated severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado or two may
    occur, with locally greater potential possible from southeastern New
    Mexico into West Texas where less prevalent cloud cover has allowed
    for stronger diurnal heating through mid afternoon. See the
    discussion below for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 09/29/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1120 AM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    Fairly complex synoptic evolution is anticipated today through
    tonight as a remnants of what is currently Hurricane Polo become
    absorbed within the circulation of the deepening mid-latitude
    cyclone currently centered over the Lower CO River Valley. In
    general, the Lower CO River Valley cyclone is forecast to deepen as
    it gradually shifts eastward. In response, Hurricane Polo is
    forecast to move quickly northeastward across Sonora and into New
    Mexico. Polo is forecast to weaken over the mountainous terrain of
    northern Mexico, but will likely maintain some of its warm-core
    characteristics through at least tomorrow morning. Additionally,
    mass response across the southern High Plains will result in
    increasing low-level moisture advection across the southern Plains
    while also aiding in surface cyclogenesis across central and eastern
    NM late tonight/early tomorrow.

    ...Southern Arizona...
    Recent surface analysis reveals a very moist airmass over southern
    AZ, with a corridor of mid to upper 60s dewpoints extending from the
    central southern border into the Phoenix vicinity. Surface analysis
    also places a weak low over south-central AZ. VAD profiles from IWA
    and EMX both show fairly long hodographs, supported by 30 to 40 kt
    of low/mid-level southwesterly flow. Widespread showers and
    thunderstorms will likely continue throughout the day, with limited
    diurnal heating and weak tropical lapse rates keeping buoyancy
    modest. Even so, the strong nature of the wind profiles could
    support a few at least weak/transient supercells, and potentially
    more organized convective bands later today, with at least some
    potential for strong thunderstorm wind gusts.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Thunderstorm coverage is expected to increase notably this
    afternoon/evening as the core of Polo progresses into the region.
    Tropical character of the airmass will keep lapse rates poor while
    cloud cover also limits heating, limiting the overall buoyancy.
    Nonetheless, buoyant thermodynamic profiles are still expected to
    result in updrafts deep enough for lightning production.
    Additionally, low-level wind profiles are expected to lengthen
    significantly after 00Z as the remnants of Polo interact with a
    dynamically strengthening low-level jet. The widespread storm
    coverage will result in a tendency toward complex or linear storm
    modes with time, though a few/episodic supercells will also be
    possible. A brief tornado and/or strong wind gusts could accompany
    any organized, more persistent storm structures.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 30 00:58:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 300058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300056

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0756 PM CDT Tue Sep 29 2026

    Valid 300100Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF SOUTHERN/EASTERN NM INTO WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorm wind gusts and possibly a tornado or
    two could occur tonight from southern and eastern New Mexico into
    west Texas.

    ...Southern/eastern NM into west TX...
    A mid/upper-level cyclone is moving across the Desert Southwest this
    evening. In advance of this system, the remnants of Tropical Cyclone
    Polo are moving northeastward across northern Mexico. Increasing
    large-scale ascent, combined with low-level moisture transport from
    the southeast and midlevel moisture downstream of the Polo remnants,
    is driving an increase in storm coverage from the TX Panhandle into
    eastern NM this evening. While midlevel lapse rates are poor due to
    the influence of the tropical system, the rich moisture is
    supporting MLCAPE of 500-1500 J/kg, which will help to sustain
    widespread convection through the evening.

    Moderate deep-layer shear will persist downstream of the approaching mid/upper-level low/trough, while increasing low-level mass response
    will result in strengthening effective SRH with time tonight.
    Occasional supercell structures have been noted from southeast NM
    into the TX Panhandle, with additional rotating storms possible
    through the evening as storm coverage continues to increase.

    The thermodynamic environment is not favorable for an organized
    severe-wind threat, while low-level shear/SRH may only be supportive
    of a brief tornado threat, given the marginal buoyancy and a
    tendency toward more linear structures with time. As a result, the
    severe threat may tend to be limited in magnitude, though localized
    strong to severe gusts and a brief tornado or two will be possible
    with any persistent organized storm structures through late tonight.

    See MCDs 2335 and 2336 for more information regarding the short-term
    threat across this region.

    ..Dean.. 09/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 30 05:56:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 300555
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300553

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHWEST
    OK/NORTHWEST TX INTO THE EDWARDS PLATEAU...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and possibly a brief
    tornado appear possible across portions of the southern Plains this
    afternoon into tonight. A conditional risk for isolated severe wind
    gusts and perhaps a couple tornadoes exists over parts of Kansas and
    southern Nebraska this afternoon and evening.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A mid/upper-level low will move from the southern Rockies toward the
    central High Plains through the period. A surface low initially over
    the southern High Plains is forecast to move only slowly eastward
    into tonight. A warm front extending northeast of the surface low
    may move slowly northward through the day, though persistent clouds
    and precipitation may slow its advance.

    A rather strong low-level jet is forecast to slowly shift
    northeastward across parts of central/eastern KS into western MO and
    southeast NE/southwest IA later today into the evening. This will
    help to maintain favorable wind profiles in the vicinity of the
    effective warm front. Destabilization near the warm front may remain
    weak due to limited diurnal heating and weak midlevel lapse rates.
    However, if sufficient buoyancy can develop by late afternoon, there
    will be potential for surface-based supercell development, which
    could pose a localized tornado and damaging-wind threat.

    Farther south, the coverage and persistence of early-day convection
    across the southern Plains remain somewhat uncertain, though there
    may be a tendency for convection to weaken and/or shift northward by
    early afternoon. The greatest confidence in substantial diurnal
    destabilization is from southwest OK into northwest TX and the
    Edwards Plateau, where heating of a very moist airmass will result
    in MLCAPE increasing to near/above 1500 J/kg, despite poor midlevel
    lapse rates. Renewed storm development is expected from late
    afternoon into the evening, in advance of the approaching
    mid/upper-level low. Moderate midlevel flow will provide sufficient
    deep-layer shear for storm organization.

    While supercells will be possible initially, generally
    front-parallel flow and increasing storm coverage will likely lead
    to more of a linear mode with time. Strong to severe gusts appear to
    be the most likely hazard, though isolated hail also appears
    possible across southwest TX, where somewhat stronger
    destabilization may occur. Also, while low-level flow will be weaker
    compared to areas farther north, some increase in effective SRH is
    expected during the evening, which could support a localized brief
    tornado threat within the very moist environment.

    An isolated severe threat could persist into parts of central TX/OK
    overnight, though diminishing buoyancy with time and eastward extent
    should result in an eventual weakening trend.

    ..Dean/Weinman.. 09/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 30 12:59:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301258
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301257

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 AM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 301300Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts/some hail and a brief
    tornado are expected across the southern Plains this afternoon into
    tonight including portions of west Texas into southwest Oklahoma.
    The potential for a few tornadoes and localized wind damage will
    also exist across Kansas and possibly far southeast Nebraska.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A mid/upper-level low will move from the southern Rockies toward the
    central High Plains through tonight. A surface low initially over
    the southern High Plains is forecast to move only slowly eastward
    through tonight. A warm front extending northeast of the surface low
    may move slowly northward through the day, though persistent clouds
    and precipitation may hinder its advance.

    A rather strong low-level jet (50+ kt diurnally) is forecast to
    slowly shift northeastward across parts of central/eastern Kansas
    into western Missouri and southeast Nebraska/southwest Iowa by
    evening. This will help to maintain strong wind profiles in the
    vicinity of the central Plains effective warm front. Destabilization
    near the warm front may remain weak due to limited diurnal heating
    and weak mid-level lapse rates.

    While uncertainties remain regarding the disposition of persistent
    early day precipitation and cloud cover, will defer to the
    anticipated strength of 0-1km/0-3km AGL winds and related
    supercell-conducive profiles. Have upgraded portions of
    central/eastern Kansas into far southeast Nebraska with the notion
    that multiple tornadoes are a viable possibility, even if
    destabilization remains muted later today.

    Farther south, the coverage and persistence of early-day convection
    across the southern Plains remains somewhat uncertain, though there
    may be a tendency for convection to weaken and/or shift northward by
    early afternoon. The greatest confidence in substantial diurnal
    destabilization is from southwest Oklahoma into northwest Texas and
    the Edwards Plateau, where heating of a very moist airmass will
    result in MLCAPE increasing to near/above 1500 J/kg, despite poor
    mid-level lapse rates. Renewed storm development is expected from
    late afternoon into the evening, in advance of the approaching
    mid/upper-level low. Moderate mid-level flow will provide sufficient
    deep-layer shear for storm organization.

    While supercells will be possible initially, generally
    front-parallel flow and increasing storm coverage will likely lead
    to more of a linear mode with time. Strong to severe gusts appear to
    be the most likely hazard, though isolated hail also appears
    possible across southwest Texas, where somewhat stronger
    destabilization may occur. Also, while low-level flow will be weaker
    compared to areas farther north, some increase in effective SRH is
    expected during the evening, which could support a localized tornado
    threat within the very moist environment. An isolated severe threat
    could persist into parts of central Texas/Oklahoma overnight, though diminishing buoyancy with time and eastward extent should result in
    an eventual weakening trend.

    Elsewhere, a few strong to locally severe lower-topped storms could
    occur across the south-central High Plains pending sufficient
    destabilization.

    ..Guyer/Bentley.. 09/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 30 16:28:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301626

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 301630Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The potential for a few tornadoes and localized wind damage will
    exist across Kansas and possibly far southeast Nebraska this
    afternoon and evening. Thunderstorms capable of severe wind
    gusts/some hail and a brief tornado are also expected across the
    southern Plains this afternoon into tonight, including portions of
    west Texas into southwest Oklahoma.

    ...Synopsis...
    Currently satellite imagery shows a deep cyclone centered over the
    central NM/AZ border vicinity. Recent surface analysis places the
    surface low associated with this system over the northwest TX
    Panhandle/western OK Panhandle vicinity. A broad warm sector
    precedes this low from the southern Plains into the Upper Midwest.
    Ample low-level moisture exists within this warm sector, with low
    70s dewpoints currently reaching far south-central OK and upper 60s
    dewpoints reaching as far north as the Omaha, Nebraska vicinity.
    Widespread cloud cover currently persists across much of the warm
    sector, with more scattered clouds in place across central and east
    TX.

    General expectation is for the cyclone to gradually shift eastward
    across NM today as moderate/strong mid-level flow through the
    eastern periphery of this cyclone expands from the southern High
    Plains into the central Plains. At the same time, the attendant
    surface low is forecast to shift gradually northeast into central
    KS. Moderate low-level moisture advection will precede the low, with
    70s dewpoints likely covering much of central and eastern KS by this
    evening. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected ahead of
    the surface low from the southern Plains through the central Plains
    into the Upper Midwest. Strong to severe thunderstorms appear most
    likely in two areas within this broader region: across central and
    eastern KS this afternoon and evening and farther south from
    southwest OK/northwest TX through the TX Hill Country.

    ...Central/Eastern KS...
    Cloud cover will likely persist throughout the day, with most of the
    airmass destabilization driven by the low-level moisture advection
    mentioned in the synopsis. Low 70s dewpoints are expected to cover
    much of central and eastern KS by the late afternoon/early evening.
    Even with limited heating and the tropical character to the airmass
    keeping lapse rates poor, the ample low-level moisture is still
    expected to support airmass destabilization and moderate buoyancy
    this afternoon and evening. This destabilization looks to occur just
    ahead of the stronger forcing for ascent attendant to the dry slot
    progressing through the eastern periphery of the AZ/NM cyclone.

    Additionally, a rather strong low-level jet (40 to 45 kt diurnally)
    is forecast to slowly shift northeastward across parts of
    central/eastern Kansas into western Missouri and southeast
    Nebraska/southwest Iowa by evening. This will help to maintain
    strong wind profiles across much of the region. RAP guidance
    suggests 0-1 km SRH from 150 to 200 m2/s2 across central and eastern
    KS.

    Combination of these factors will result in a rather unique
    mesoscale setup for tornadoes from central and eastern KS into far
    southeast NE. Tornadoes within these environments are typically
    brief, but there should be enough updraft depth in this case to
    support the potential for a few longer-duration storms. This
    potential appears to peak around 21Z to 00Z. After 00Z, the stronger
    forcing for ascent should begin to extend north of the surface-based
    buoyancy.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Low 70s dewpoints will likely extend throughout the warm sector
    covering much of the southern Plains this afternoon. This low-level
    moisture will result in airmass destabilization, despite limited
    heating and poor lapse rates. Primary thunderstorm development is
    anticipated this evening along the modest surface troughing that
    will extend south of the surface low moving into KS. An initially
    supercellular mode appears possible from southwest Oklahoma into
    northwest Texas and the Edwards Plateau, where heating of a very
    moist airmass will result in MLCAPE near/above 1500 J/kg amid
    moderate deep-layer vertical shear. Generally front-parallel flow
    and increasing storm coverage will likely lead to more of a linear
    mode with time. Strong to severe gusts appear to be the most likely
    hazard, though isolated hail also appears possible across southwest
    TX, where stronger destabilization is expected. Some increase in
    effective SRH is expected during the evening, which could support a
    localized tornado threat within the very moist environment. An
    isolated severe threat could persist into parts of central
    Texas/Oklahoma overnight, though diminishing buoyancy with time and
    eastward extent should result in an eventual weakening trend.

    A somewhat separate and more isolated severe potential is
    anticipated throughout the day from central TX into central OK amid
    increasing coverage of warm-air advection showers and thunderstorms
    within the warm sector. Most of these storms will likely be brief
    and/or weak, but the persistent low-level jet could result in a few
    stronger storms capable of a damaging gusts and/or a brief tornado.

    ...South-Central High Plains...
    Strong forcing for ascent attendant to the NM cyclone will interact
    with cooling mid-level temperatures and modest low-level moisture
    persisting on the back side of the surface low to support moderate
    buoyancy amid moderate deep-layer vertical shear. A few strong to
    locally severe lower-topped storms capable of large hail could
    occur.

    ..Mosier/Chalmers.. 09/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Sep 30 20:00:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 301959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301958

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 PM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 302000Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The potential for a few tornadoes and localized wind damage will
    exist across Kansas and possibly far southeast Nebraska this
    afternoon and evening. Thunderstorms capable of severe wind
    gusts/some hail and a brief tornado are also expected across the
    southern Plains this afternoon into tonight, including portions of
    west Texas into southwest Oklahoma.

    ...20z Update...
    The Level 1/Marginal Risk was expanded slightly eastward across
    portions of southeastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and northeastern
    Texas based on latest observation and HRRR/RRFS trends. Similarly,
    the 5% hail probability area (and the corresponding Level 1/Marginal
    Risk area) was expanded westward based on observed thunderstorm
    development across portions of northeastern New Mexico. Elsewhere,
    no changes were made to the existing severe probabilities as the
    forecast remains generally on track. See MCDs #2337 and #2338 as
    well as the discussion below for additional details.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 09/30/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1126 AM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    Currently satellite imagery shows a deep cyclone centered over the
    central NM/AZ border vicinity. Recent surface analysis places the
    surface low associated with this system over the northwest TX
    Panhandle/western OK Panhandle vicinity. A broad warm sector
    precedes this low from the southern Plains into the Upper Midwest.
    Ample low-level moisture exists within this warm sector, with low
    70s dewpoints currently reaching far south-central OK and upper 60s
    dewpoints reaching as far north as the Omaha, Nebraska vicinity.
    Widespread cloud cover currently persists across much of the warm
    sector, with more scattered clouds in place across central and east
    TX.

    General expectation is for the cyclone to gradually shift eastward
    across NM today as moderate/strong mid-level flow through the
    eastern periphery of this cyclone expands from the southern High
    Plains into the central Plains. At the same time, the attendant
    surface low is forecast to shift gradually northeast into central
    KS. Moderate low-level moisture advection will precede the low, with
    70s dewpoints likely covering much of central and eastern KS by this
    evening. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected ahead of
    the surface low from the southern Plains through the central Plains
    into the Upper Midwest. Strong to severe thunderstorms appear most
    likely in two areas within this broader region: across central and
    eastern KS this afternoon and evening and farther south from
    southwest OK/northwest TX through the TX Hill Country.

    ...Central/Eastern KS...
    Cloud cover will likely persist throughout the day, with most of the
    airmass destabilization driven by the low-level moisture advection
    mentioned in the synopsis. Low 70s dewpoints are expected to cover
    much of central and eastern KS by the late afternoon/early evening.
    Even with limited heating and the tropical character to the airmass
    keeping lapse rates poor, the ample low-level moisture is still
    expected to support airmass destabilization and moderate buoyancy
    this afternoon and evening. This destabilization looks to occur just
    ahead of the stronger forcing for ascent attendant to the dry slot
    progressing through the eastern periphery of the AZ/NM cyclone.

    Additionally, a rather strong low-level jet (40 to 45 kt diurnally)
    is forecast to slowly shift northeastward across parts of
    central/eastern Kansas into western Missouri and southeast
    Nebraska/southwest Iowa by evening. This will help to maintain
    strong wind profiles across much of the region. RAP guidance
    suggests 0-1 km SRH from 150 to 200 m2/s2 across central and eastern
    KS.

    Combination of these factors will result in a rather unique
    mesoscale setup for tornadoes from central and eastern KS into far
    southeast NE. Tornadoes within these environments are typically
    brief, but there should be enough updraft depth in this case to
    support the potential for a few longer-duration storms. This
    potential appears to peak around 21Z to 00Z. After 00Z, the stronger
    forcing for ascent should begin to extend north of the surface-based
    buoyancy.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Low 70s dewpoints will likely extend throughout the warm sector
    covering much of the southern Plains this afternoon. This low-level
    moisture will result in airmass destabilization, despite limited
    heating and poor lapse rates. Primary thunderstorm development is
    anticipated this evening along the modest surface troughing that
    will extend south of the surface low moving into KS. An initially
    supercellular mode appears possible from southwest Oklahoma into
    northwest Texas and the Edwards Plateau, where heating of a very
    moist airmass will result in MLCAPE near/above 1500 J/kg amid
    moderate deep-layer vertical shear. Generally front-parallel flow
    and increasing storm coverage will likely lead to more of a linear
    mode with time. Strong to severe gusts appear to be the most likely
    hazard, though isolated hail also appears possible across southwest
    TX, where stronger destabilization is expected. Some increase in
    effective SRH is expected during the evening, which could support a
    localized tornado threat within the very moist environment. An
    isolated severe threat could persist into parts of central
    Texas/Oklahoma overnight, though diminishing buoyancy with time and
    eastward extent should result in an eventual weakening trend.

    A somewhat separate and more isolated severe potential is
    anticipated throughout the day from central TX into central OK amid
    increasing coverage of warm-air advection showers and thunderstorms
    within the warm sector. Most of these storms will likely be brief
    and/or weak, but the persistent low-level jet could result in a few
    stronger storms capable of a damaging gusts and/or a brief tornado.

    ...South-Central High Plains...
    Strong forcing for ascent attendant to the NM cyclone will interact
    with cooling mid-level temperatures and modest low-level moisture
    persisting on the back side of the surface low to support moderate
    buoyancy amid moderate deep-layer vertical shear. A few strong to
    locally severe lower-topped storms capable of large hail could
    occur.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 1 00:37:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 010037
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010035

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0735 PM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 010100Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    TX INTO SOUTHWEST OK...AND OVER NORTH-CENTRAL KS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of tornadoes remain possible the next hour or two across
    mainly north-central/northeast KS. Additional strong to severe
    thunderstorms posing mainly a risk for strong gusts are possible
    across OK/TX through tonight.

    ...KS/NE/IA...

    A tornado risk may persist for another hour or two across
    north-central KS and vicinity. Storms ongoing across this area will increasingly encounter a less favorable environment with time and
    northeast extent as a midlevel dry slot continues to spread
    east/northeast across the area. Additionally, cooler temperatures
    near/along a weak warm front near the KS/NE border and loss of
    daytime heating will result in increasing low-level inhibition.
    Furthermore, the strengthening low-level, which has likely recently
    contributed to at least a couple of tornado reports will continue to
    shift east and become misaligned with the nearly stationary surface
    low. As a result, the tornado risk should decrease through the
    remainder of the evening. Nevertheless, a couple of strong storms
    could still produce gusty winds into the nighttime hours. Reference
    MCD 2341 for more details.

    ...OK/TX...

    Convection is expected to continue increasing over the next few
    hours across the southern Plains along a surface trough. A modestly
    unstable airmass will persist into the nighttime hours. Sufficient
    effective shear magnitudes will support at least transient updraft
    organization through the evening. Strong gusts will be the main
    hazard with convection into late evening/early overnight. Vertically
    veering wind profiles through 2-3 km also will support increased
    effective SRH within the moist airmass. A brief spin-up could occur
    with stronger/better organized convection.

    ..Leitman.. 10/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 1 04:47:26 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 010447
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010445

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 PM CDT Wed Sep 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is low today, but some gusty winds
    could accompany thunderstorms from parts of Kansas to the eastern
    half of Texas.

    ...KS to TX...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing at the start of the period
    this morning across parts of KS into central/eastern OK and
    north/central TX. This activity will persist eastward through the
    day, supported by low-level warm advection ahead of a surface low
    and cold front. Forecast guidance has trended weaker with any signal
    for severe potential. Ongoing convection and cloud cover downstream
    across the warm sector will limit heating. Furthermore, lapse rates
    will remain poor. Large-scale ascent will increasingly lift
    northeast toward the Midwest in tandem with a weakening midlevel
    trough. As this occurs, midlevel flow will weaken through afternoon
    over the central/southern Plains. Stronger instability is expected
    with southward extent toward South TX. However, vertical shear will
    be very weak and lapse rates poor, precluding organized updrafts.

    While occasional gusty winds could accompany thunderstorm activity
    today, overall severe potential appears low.

    ..Leitman/Weinman.. 10/01/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 1 12:55:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 011255
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011253

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0753 AM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026

    Valid 011300Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorm potential is low today, but some
    strong storms with gusty winds could occur across parts of Kansas
    southward into central and southern Texas.

    ...Southern/central/northeast Texas to southeast Oklahoma...
    Extensive convection stretches from eastern Oklahoma into north
    Texas and southwestward into the Texas Hill County and Edwards
    Plateau, with a few stronger convective elements ongoing. This
    general theme will continue with a gradual net eastward shift of semi-continuous precipitation through the day, supported by
    low-level warm advection ahead of a surface low and cold front.
    Ongoing convection and preceding cloud cover across the warm sector
    will limit heating/destabilization with lapse rates remaining poor,
    while low-level winds are expected to steadily weaken during the
    day. While occasional gusty winds could accompany thunderstorms
    today, the overall severe potential should remain low, with
    repetitive/locally heavy rainfall the main concern.

    ...Southern Kansas/Texas Panhandle and western/northern Oklahoma...
    In closer proximity to the mid-level low, locally stronger heating
    may occur coincident with cloud breaks in vicinity of a weakening
    surface wave and the south/southeastward-spreading front and
    westward-extending surface trough. Sufficient
    heating/destabilization could allow for some stronger updrafts into
    this afternoon, although deep-layer winds will be weakening over
    time. Aside from some possibility for a few stronger storms with
    gusty winds/small hail, there may be some funnel potential in
    vicinity of the aforementioned boundaries given sufficient low-level CAPE/ambient vorticity. That said, mid-level temperatures/lapse
    rates are not optimal and the cold front will become more southward
    progressive later in the day, lessening any such potential.

    ..Guyer/Bentley.. 10/01/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 1 16:30:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 011630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026

    Valid 011630Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN KANSAS/NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Locally strong/gusty winds and perhaps a brief tornado or two may
    occur this afternoon/early evening across parts of southern Kansas
    into northwest Oklahoma and vicinity.

    ...Southern Kansas/Northern Oklahoma...
    Recent surface analysis shows a weak low over northwest OK/the
    northeast TX Panhandle, with a front extending northeastward from
    this low across KS. A Pacific cold front also extends southward from
    this low over the southern Plains. Cloud cover remains prevalent
    over the warm sector across the southern/central Plains late this
    morning, aided by lift associated with a mid/upper-level trough/low
    centered over the southwest KS and the OK/TX Panhandles per latest
    water vapor satellite imagery. While not a classic setup for
    non-supercell tornadoes given modest low-level lapse rates and a
    progressive cold front, there may still be a window for a brief
    tornado or two this afternoon/early evening across parts of southern
    KS into northwest OK and vicinity.

    This area should generally warm into the 70s per recent RAP/HRRR
    guidance, and even modest breaks in the cloud cover should support
    some steepening of low-level lapse rates in an otherwise
    vorticity-rich environment along/near both fronts. Current
    expectations are for cells to develop over southwest KS/northwest OK
    in the next couple of hours (by 18-20Z), with cool temperatures
    aloft (around -10 to -11 C at 500 mb) aiding updraft strength in an
    otherwise weak deep-layer shear environment. Small hail, strong to
    locally severe winds, and perhaps a brief tornado could occur with
    this activity until the southeastward-advancing cold front undercuts
    convection by late afternoon/early evening.

    ...Texas/ArkLaTex into the Mid Mississippi Valley/Midwest...
    Ongoing convection across central/north-central TX has remained
    sub-severe through the morning. A rather moist low-level airmass
    characterized by generally mid to upper 70s surface dewpoints is
    present across east/coastal TX ahead of these thunderstorms. While
    lapse rates aloft will remain poor (reference 12Z observed soundings
    from FWD/DRT), some increase in instability is anticipated
    downstream this afternoon with continued daytime heating.
    South-southwesterly low/mid-level flow will continue to gradually
    diminish through the day as the primary mid/upper-level trough
    ejects northeastward across the southern/central Plains through this
    evening. This will limit the degree of deep-layer shear available to
    support organized updrafts and overall severe potential across the
    ArkLaTex into east/south TX. That said, gusty winds may still occur
    on a localized basis as convection spreads eastward across these
    areas through the afternoon/evening.

    Modestly enhanced mid-level flow and greater deep-layer shear will
    be present this afternoon farther north into the mid MS
    Valley/Midwest, as multiple subtle mid-level vorticity maxima spread northeastward over these regions. However, both boundary-layer
    instability and lapse rates aloft are forecast to remain rather
    weak, which should limit updraft strength and overall severe
    potential with northward extent across these areas.

    ..Gleason/Chalmers.. 10/01/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 1 19:51:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 011951
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011949

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0249 PM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026

    Valid 012000Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN KANSAS/NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Locally strong/gusty winds and perhaps a brief tornado or two may
    occur this afternoon/early evening across parts of southern Kansas
    into northwest Oklahoma and vicinity.

    ...20z Update...
    Some trimming was done to the northwestern edge of the existing
    Level 1/Marginal Risk area across southern Kansas where severe
    probabilities have decreased in the wake of ongoing convection. See
    MCD #2345 for additional short-term details.

    Elsewhere, convective coverage has gradually increased over the past
    hour across portions of south-central/south Texas amid hot and humid conditions. A localized strong gust may occur with the strongest
    downdrafts, but poor mid-level lapse rates and weakening deep-layer
    flow/shear will limit overall convective intensity and preclude a
    broader severe risk.

    Recent HRRR/RRFS TLE data also suggest a low probability scenario
    for an isolated stronger storm to develop along the surface frontal
    boundary across northeastern Missouri/western Illinois later this afternoon/evening. Poor mid-level lapse rates and limited available
    buoyancy continue to suggest that the severity of any storm that can
    develop is likely to remain muted, however.

    ..Chalmers/Thornton.. 10/01/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026/

    ...Southern Kansas/Northern Oklahoma...
    Recent surface analysis shows a weak low over northwest OK/the
    northeast TX Panhandle, with a front extending northeastward from
    this low across KS. A Pacific cold front also extends southward from
    this low over the southern Plains. Cloud cover remains prevalent
    over the warm sector across the southern/central Plains late this
    morning, aided by lift associated with a mid/upper-level trough/low
    centered over the southwest KS and the OK/TX Panhandles per latest
    water vapor satellite imagery. While not a classic setup for
    non-supercell tornadoes given modest low-level lapse rates and a
    progressive cold front, there may still be a window for a brief
    tornado or two this afternoon/early evening across parts of southern
    KS into northwest OK and vicinity.

    This area should generally warm into the 70s per recent RAP/HRRR
    guidance, and even modest breaks in the cloud cover should support
    some steepening of low-level lapse rates in an otherwise
    vorticity-rich environment along/near both fronts. Current
    expectations are for cells to develop over southwest KS/northwest OK
    in the next couple of hours (by 18-20Z), with cool temperatures
    aloft (around -10 to -11 C at 500 mb) aiding updraft strength in an
    otherwise weak deep-layer shear environment. Small hail, strong to
    locally severe winds, and perhaps a brief tornado could occur with
    this activity until the southeastward-advancing cold front undercuts
    convection by late afternoon/early evening.

    ...Texas/ArkLaTex into the Mid Mississippi Valley/Midwest...
    Ongoing convection across central/north-central TX has remained
    sub-severe through the morning. A rather moist low-level airmass
    characterized by generally mid to upper 70s surface dewpoints is
    present across east/coastal TX ahead of these thunderstorms. While
    lapse rates aloft will remain poor (reference 12Z observed soundings
    from FWD/DRT), some increase in instability is anticipated
    downstream this afternoon with continued daytime heating.
    South-southwesterly low/mid-level flow will continue to gradually
    diminish through the day as the primary mid/upper-level trough
    ejects northeastward across the southern/central Plains through this
    evening. This will limit the degree of deep-layer shear available to
    support organized updrafts and overall severe potential across the
    ArkLaTex into east/south TX. That said, gusty winds may still occur
    on a localized basis as convection spreads eastward across these
    areas through the afternoon/evening.

    Modestly enhanced mid-level flow and greater deep-layer shear will
    be present this afternoon farther north into the mid MS
    Valley/Midwest, as multiple subtle mid-level vorticity maxima spread northeastward over these regions. However, both boundary-layer
    instability and lapse rates aloft are forecast to remain rather
    weak, which should limit updraft strength and overall severe
    potential with northward extent across these areas.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 2 00:41:04 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 020040
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020039

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0739 PM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026

    Valid 020100Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected the remainder tonight into
    early Friday.

    ...01z Update...

    Severe probabilities have been removed from northwest OK/southwest
    KS. Instability has largely diminished with loss of daytime heating
    and in the wake of a surface cold front. Ahead of the front,
    instability will continue to diminish, along with deep-layer flow,
    while nocturnal cooling promotes increasing low-level inhibition.
    This should largely preclude severe thunderstorm potential the
    remainder of the forecast period.

    ..Leitman.. 10/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 2 04:49:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 020449
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020448

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1148 PM CDT Thu Oct 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is low today and tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic vicinity...

    An upper trough will develop eastward across the Northeast today,
    bringing some modestly enhanced midlevel southwesterly flow across
    the region ahead of a surface cold front. Showers and thunderstorms
    are likely to be ongoing along the length of the front this morning
    from the Ohio Valley to the Mid-South. Low-level warm advection
    ahead of the eastward advancing font and band of convection will
    result in persistent cloudiness across the warm sector.
    Additionally, midlevel lapse rates are forecast to remain poor. As a
    result, instability is expected to remain modest (500-750 MLCAPE)
    despite 60s F dewpoints. Deep-layer flow will largely remain
    parallel to the surface boundary, and stronger flow will lift
    northeast with time. If pockets of stronger heating can occur, a few
    strong wind gusts are possible during the afternoon from northern VA
    into southern New England. However, overall severe potential appears
    limited.

    ..Leitman/Halbert.. 10/02/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 2 12:38:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 021238
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021236

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0736 AM CDT Fri Oct 02 2026

    Valid 021300Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is low today and tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States/Cumberland Plateau...
    A progressive stream of westerlies will continue to reside over the
    northern third of the CONUS through tonight. An extensive northeast/southwest-oriented cold front will continue
    east-southeastward, reaching the coastal Northeast/Mid-Atlantic by
    this evening, while otherwise crossing the Tennessee Valley and
    lower Mississippi Valley. Scattered showers/thunderstorms will
    accompany the front, while also being common across coastal areas of
    the Gulf Coast and Southeast.

    As the cold front approaches the coastal Mid-Atlantic/Delmarva later
    this evening, semi-strong wind profiles (35+ kt effective shear)
    will exist regionally, and to a lesser extent southwestward toward
    the Appalachians and Cumberland Plateau. A couple of stronger storms
    with gusty winds could materialize this afternoon near/ahead of the
    front in these regions provided sufficient insolation/modest
    destabilization. However, moist-profile/subsidence-related poor
    lapse rates aloft should preclude organized severe storms.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/02/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 2 16:24:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 021624
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021622

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Fri Oct 02 2026

    Valid 021630Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential should remain low through tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper trough will continue progressing eastward across the
    Northeast and Mid-Atlantic today, as a surface cold front advances east-southeastward over these regions and the Southeast/southern
    Plains through the period. 12Z observed soundings ahead of the front
    from the Mid-Atlantic to Southeast show very poor lapse rates aloft
    (i.e., 700-500 mb lapse rates of 4-5.5 C/km), which will likely
    limit the development of any more than weak instability and hinder
    overall updraft strength. While locally gusty winds could still
    occur with low-topped showers/thunderstorms across the Mid-Atlantic
    given the presence of modestly enhanced low/mid-level
    west-southwesterly flow, the potential for organized clusters
    capable of producing severe/damaging winds still appears low. Weaker
    flow across the TN Valley and central Gulf Coast states will limit
    updraft organization, but marginally greater instability should
    support isolated to scattered thunderstorm coverage through the
    afternoon along/ahead of the cold front.

    ..Gleason/Lyons.. 10/02/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 2 19:55:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 021955
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021954

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 PM CDT Fri Oct 02 2026

    Valid 022000Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential should remain low through tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes are needed to the previous outlook. See the discussion
    below for more details.

    ..Karstens/Thornton.. 10/02/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1122 AM CDT Fri Oct 02 2026/

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper trough will continue progressing eastward across the
    Northeast and Mid-Atlantic today, as a surface cold front advances east-southeastward over these regions and the Southeast/southern
    Plains through the period. 12Z observed soundings ahead of the front
    from the Mid-Atlantic to Southeast show very poor lapse rates aloft
    (i.e., 700-500 mb lapse rates of 4-5.5 C/km), which will likely
    limit the development of any more than weak instability and hinder
    overall updraft strength. While locally gusty winds could still
    occur with low-topped showers/thunderstorms across the Mid-Atlantic
    given the presence of modestly enhanced low/mid-level
    west-southwesterly flow, the potential for organized clusters
    capable of producing severe/damaging winds still appears low. Weaker
    flow across the TN Valley and central Gulf Coast states will limit
    updraft organization, but marginally greater instability should
    support isolated to scattered thunderstorm coverage through the
    afternoon along/ahead of the cold front.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 00:46:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 030046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030044

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 PM CDT Fri Oct 02 2026

    Valid 030100Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential should remain low through the night.

    ... 01 UTC Update ...

    Showers and the occasional thunderstorm will continue along and
    southeast of a slow moving frontal zone draped from the southern
    Plains northeast toward the Mid-Atlantic. Instability is rather
    limited to the south of this front owing to poor lapse-rates, and
    vertical shear is weak. Thus, while the occasional thunderstorm may
    occur, the severe potential is low.

    Elsewhere, a couple of lightning strikes may occur toward sunrise
    across the north-central US. Here, a short-wave trough moving
    through the stronger mid-level flow will overhead, bringing with it
    modest large-scale ascent. Temperatures in the 40Fs to low 50Fs with
    dewpoints in the 40Fs should limit instability and the overall
    potential for more widespread thunderstorm coverage.

    ..Marsh.. 10/03/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 05:34:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 030534
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030531

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected across the U.S. today.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A midlevel trough and attendant surface cold front are forecast to
    move east across the upper Mississippi Valley today. Increasing
    midlevel moisture with the large-scale ascent ahead of the trough,
    coupled with conditionally unstable midlevel lapse rates, should
    result in enough elevated buoyancy for thunderstorms across portions
    of the region. Given the elevated nature of this convection and
    otherwise limited instability, severe thunderstorms are not
    anticipated.

    Farther southeast, a slow-moving front extending from the Carolinas southwestward toward the northwest Gulf will remain a focus for
    thunderstorm development through the period. Although ample moisture
    will support thunderstorms along and south of the boundary,
    generally weak vertical shear and modest lapse rates within the
    moist thermodynamic environment should limit prospects for organized
    severe convection.

    ..Marsh/Halbert.. 10/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 12:42:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031241
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031239

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0739 AM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 031630Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. through
    tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Progressive westerlies will prevail over the northern half of the
    CONUS through tonight, highlighted by fairly substantial shortwave
    trough amplification over the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. As
    a cold front shifts eastward across these regions, a modest increase
    in moisture, steepening lapse rates and increasing forcing for
    ascent will contribute to the potential for isolated thunderstorms,
    such as have been ongoing across the Dakotas in the pre-dawn hours.
    It is plausible that some stronger/convectively enhanced wind gusts
    could occur this afternoon, but severe potential is expected to
    remain virtually nil.

    Across the Southeast/Deep South, a slow-moving front extending from
    the Carolinas southwestward toward the coastal plain of Texas will
    remain a focus for thunderstorm development through the period.
    Although ample moisture will support thunderstorms along and south
    of the front, weak vertical shear and modest lapse rates within the
    moist thermodynamic environment should considerably limit the
    potential for organized severe convection.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 13:19:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031318
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031316

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0816 AM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 031300Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. through
    tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Progressive westerlies will prevail over the northern half of the
    CONUS through tonight, highlighted by fairly substantial shortwave
    trough amplification over the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. As
    a cold front shifts eastward across these regions, a modest increase
    in moisture, steepening lapse rates and increasing forcing for
    ascent will contribute to the potential for isolated thunderstorms,
    such as have been ongoing across the Dakotas in the pre-dawn hours.
    It is plausible that some stronger/convectively enhanced wind gusts
    could occur this afternoon, but severe potential is expected to
    remain virtually nil.

    Across the Southeast/Deep South, a slow-moving front extending from
    the Carolinas southwestward toward the coastal plain of Texas will
    remain a focus for thunderstorm development through the period.
    Although ample moisture will support thunderstorms along and south
    of the front, weak vertical shear and modest lapse rates within the
    moist thermodynamic environment should considerably limit the
    potential for organized severe convection.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 16:03:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1100 AM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 031630Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough embedded within the mid-level westerlies across
    the northern CONUS will continue to track quickly eastward across
    the northern Plains and Upper Midwest through the period. Showers
    and low-topped thunderstorms ongoing over parts of the Dakotas will
    spread into MN this afternoon. Low-level moisture will remain quite
    limited (surface dewpoints generally in the 40s), but a pocket of
    weak instability should support occasional lightning flashes with
    this activity. Convectively enhanced wind gusts may occur as
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen this afternoon, but the
    overall risk for severe winds is expected to remain low owing to the
    minimal instability forecast.

    A nearly stationary surface front extending from south/coastal TX
    into the Southeast and Carolinas will once again serve as a focus
    for thunderstorms this afternoon as diurnal heating of a moist
    airmass occurs across these regions. Generally poor lapse rates
    aloft and weak deep-layer shear should limit the threat for
    organized severe thunderstorms through tonight. A greater
    concentration of convection may focus along/near the central Gulf
    Coast, as a weak mid/upper-level wave centered over the Bay of
    Campeche aids northward low-level moisture transport across this
    region through the period. Still, low-level winds should remain
    weak, and current expectations are for this convection to be
    disorganized.

    ..Gleason/Barnes.. 10/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 3 19:49:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 031948
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031946

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 PM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 032000Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    Only minor adjustments were made to thunder to account for recent
    trends. Please see previous discussion below.

    ..Thornton.. 10/03/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1100 AM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026/

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough embedded within the mid-level westerlies across
    the northern CONUS will continue to track quickly eastward across
    the northern Plains and Upper Midwest through the period. Showers
    and low-topped thunderstorms ongoing over parts of the Dakotas will
    spread into MN this afternoon. Low-level moisture will remain quite
    limited (surface dewpoints generally in the 40s), but a pocket of
    weak instability should support occasional lightning flashes with
    this activity. Convectively enhanced wind gusts may occur as
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen this afternoon, but the
    overall risk for severe winds is expected to remain low owing to the
    minimal instability forecast.

    A nearly stationary surface front extending from south/coastal TX
    into the Southeast and Carolinas will once again serve as a focus
    for thunderstorms this afternoon as diurnal heating of a moist
    airmass occurs across these regions. Generally poor lapse rates
    aloft and weak deep-layer shear should limit the threat for
    organized severe thunderstorms through tonight. A greater
    concentration of convection may focus along/near the central Gulf
    Coast, as a weak mid/upper-level wave centered over the Bay of
    Campeche aids northward low-level moisture transport across this
    region through the period. Still, low-level winds should remain
    weak, and current expectations are for this convection to be
    disorganized.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 4 00:38:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 040038
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040036

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0736 PM CDT Sat Oct 03 2026

    Valid 040100Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ... 01Z ...

    Showers and the occasional thunderstorm will be possible this
    evening along and south of a surface front stretched from the
    Carolinas southwest toward the upper-Gulf coast of Texas. Limited
    instability should preclude any severe potential.

    Overnight a secondary cold front will move south into the southern
    Plains. Cool surface temperatures and moist vertical profiles will
    limit overall instability, but enough elevated instability may
    develop to support an occasional thunderstorm.

    The severe potential will remain low through the forecast period.

    ..Marsh.. 10/04/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 4 12:45:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 041244
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041243

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0743 AM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 041300Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few rotating thunderstorms are possible today across the coastal
    Florida Panhandle.

    ...Florida Panhandle...
    A stalled/slow-southeastward-moving surface front will reside across
    the Southeast and Deep South today, with a very moist airmass
    persisting along and to its south, featuring Precipitable Water
    values in excess of 2 inches. Scattered showers/thunderstorms are
    common early today south of the front, including across the northern
    half of the Gulf. There are some guidance indications, most notably
    recent NAM runs, that weak offshore surface low development may
    occur today, with a related developing enhancement to the low-level
    flow/SRH. Should this trend materialize, showers/thunderstorms will
    have the potential to exhibit brief, transient low-level
    circulations, mainly near the coast, with a related waterspout/brief
    tornado potential.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/04/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 4 05:49:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 040548
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040547

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few rotating thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the
    northern Gulf Coast today, otherwise severe thunderstorms are not
    expected.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A midlevel shortwave trough moving across the Great Lakes this
    morning will help carve out/reinforce a larger-scale trough across
    the eastern US. At the same time, a midlevel anticyclone will remain
    in place across the western US. This pattern will favor
    northwesterly flow across much of the eastern half of the country,
    in turn supporting reinforcing shots of cooler air.

    At the surface, weak cyclogenesis should support the development of
    a cyclone across the far northern Gulf Coast or just inland across
    southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. This weak low will
    slowly move east during the day.


    ... Portions of the Florida Panhandle and the Adjacent Coastal
    Waters ...

    A stalled surface front will be draped across the Southeast today,
    with a very moist airmass in place along and south of it. Forecast
    soundings across the area indicate nearly moist thermodynamic
    profiles from surface to the tropopause, with the 20261004 00 UTC
    HREF having mean precipitable water values around 2.5" across most
    of the Florida Panhandle. Given these moist vertical profiles,
    conditional instability will be low today, with mean MUCAPE values
    generally 500 J/kg or less.

    Despite the meager instability, one consequence of the moist
    vertical profiles will be that LCL heights will be very low --
    generally at or below 500 meters. At the same time, forecast
    soundings in areas to the east of the surface low show modest wind
    curvature in the lowest 3 km. Thus, despite the meager instability,
    forced convective showers/thunderstorms will have the potential to
    exhibit brief, transient low-level circulations, especially over
    coastal areas where surface friction is reduced. The threat should
    slowly move east during the day as the surface low slowly moves
    east.

    ..Marsh/Wendt.. 10/04/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 4 16:28:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 041628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041625

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 041630Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE/FAR SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few rotating thunderstorms are possible today across parts of the
    Florida Panhandle/far southern Alabama.

    ...Florida Panhandle/Far Southern Alabama...
    A nearly stationary surface front will reside across the Southeast
    today, with a very moist airmass (total PWAT values of 2+ inches)
    persisting along and to its south. Scattered showers/thunderstorms
    will continue to develop south of the front this afternoon,
    including across the northern Gulf. It is still possible that a weak
    offshore surface low may form later today, with modest enhancement
    to the low-level flow and effective SRH near a weak boundary draped
    along or just offshore the FL Panhandle and far southern AL. Should
    this occur, convection may have the potential to exhibit transient
    low-level circulations mainly near the coast, with related
    waterspout/brief tornado potential. However, the severe threat will
    likely be constrained by poor lapse rates/weak instability, with
    some guidance (namely recent RAP runs) suggesting that the modest
    increase in low-level flow may not occur.

    ..Gleason/Chalmers.. 10/04/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 4 19:30:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 041930
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041928

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 042000Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE/FAR SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few rotating thunderstorms are possible today across parts of the
    Florida Panhandle/far southern Alabama.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the current D1 Convective Outlook. See
    previous discussion below for more information.

    ..Thornton.. 10/04/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1125 AM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026/

    ...Florida Panhandle/Far Southern Alabama...
    A nearly stationary surface front will reside across the Southeast
    today, with a very moist airmass (total PWAT values of 2+ inches)
    persisting along and to its south. Scattered showers/thunderstorms
    will continue to develop south of the front this afternoon,
    including across the northern Gulf. It is still possible that a weak
    offshore surface low may form later today, with modest enhancement
    to the low-level flow and effective SRH near a weak boundary draped
    along or just offshore the FL Panhandle and far southern AL. Should
    this occur, convection may have the potential to exhibit transient
    low-level circulations mainly near the coast, with related
    waterspout/brief tornado potential. However, the severe threat will
    likely be constrained by poor lapse rates/weak instability, with
    some guidance (namely recent RAP runs) suggesting that the modest
    increase in low-level flow may not occur.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 01:02:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 050102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 050100Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the continental U.S.
    tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A baroclinic zone across the Southeast U.S. continues to sag
    southward as a broader upper trough tracks eastward from the Great
    Lakes. Given the lack of stronger upper air support and the onset of
    nocturnal cooling/decreased buoyancy, the coverage of lightning
    flashes across the Southeast should continue to decrease overnight.
    Similarly, a plume of marginal buoyancy over CO into NM, which has
    supported some lightning flashes thus far, should also wane through
    the evening.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/05/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 01:39:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 050139
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050137

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0837 PM CDT Sun Oct 04 2026

    Valid 050100Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the continental U.S.
    tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A baroclinic zone across the Southeast U.S. continues to sag
    southward as a broader upper trough tracks eastward from the Great
    Lakes. Given the lack of stronger upper air support and the onset of
    nocturnal cooling/decreased buoyancy, the coverage of lightning
    flashes across the Southeast should continue to decrease overnight.
    Similarly, a plume of marginal buoyancy over CO into NM, which has
    supported some lightning flashes thus far, should also wane through
    the evening.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/05/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 06:00:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 050600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050557

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are unlikely today.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging and accompanying mid-level northwesterly flow will
    dominate most of the CONUS as a pronounced mid-level trough
    overspreads New England and ejects into the Atlantic today. Surface
    high pressure and large-scale subsidence will overspread much of the
    U.S. east of the MS River while surface troughing becomes
    established across the Great Plains, but with limited moisture. The
    net result will be limited thunderstorm development over much of the
    CONUS. Along the Gulf Coast into FL, a few thunderstorms may develop
    ahead of a diffuse frontal boundary given the presence of seasonable
    low-level moisture. A couple of lightning flashes may also accompany
    a few mid-level impulses over the Great Basin, Rockies, Upper MS
    Valley, and northern New England in association with localized
    ascent and cooler temperatures aloft.

    ..Squitieri/Wendt.. 10/05/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 12:34:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 051234
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051232

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0732 AM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 051300Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected today.

    ...Discussion...
    Progressive northwesterly flow aloft will continue to reside over
    the northern tier of the CONUS and Canada, with a prominent upper
    trough shifting eastward over Quebec. Surface high pressure and
    large-scale subsidence will generally prevail east of the
    Mississippi River, while surface troughing becomes established
    across the Great Plains, but with limited moisture.

    Along the Gulf Coast and Florida, some thunderstorms are expected
    near/south of a southward-shifting frontal boundary. Isolated
    low-topped thunderstorms may occur today from northern New York into
    northern New England as a cold front shifts eastward. A few
    convectively enhanced wind gusts might even occur across this region
    as lapse rates diurnally steepen.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/05/2026

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 16:31:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 051630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 051630Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Rather strong west-southwesterly low/mid-level flow will overspread
    the Northeast and northern Mid-Atlantic today as an upper trough/low
    over Quebec moves eastward through the period. While locally gusty
    winds may occur with low-topped convection across parts of New
    England, limited low-level moisture and related meager instability
    will likely hinder an organized severe wind threat.

    Showers and occasional thunderstorms will persist today over
    portions of the Southeast as a slow-moving front remains draped from
    the northern Gulf into southern GA/northern FL. A moist airmass is
    in place south of this boundary, but weak low/mid-level winds, poor
    lapse rates aloft, and effective bulk shear less than 30 kt will
    hamper updraft organization and severe potential.

    Elsewhere, isolated convection may continue today across parts of
    the Sierra into Great Basin, and over parts of the southern/central
    Rockies, as a weak upper trough develops eastward. Elevated
    thunderstorms may also occur late this afternoon through tonight
    across parts of the Upper Midwest. For all these regions, weak
    instability will greatly limit the risk for severe thunderstorms.

    ..Gleason/Chalmers.. 10/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 5 19:59:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 051958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 052000Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes are needed to the current D1 Convective Outlook. See
    previous discussion below for more information.

    ..Thornton.. 10/05/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026/

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Rather strong west-southwesterly low/mid-level flow will overspread
    the Northeast and northern Mid-Atlantic today as an upper trough/low
    over Quebec moves eastward through the period. While locally gusty
    winds may occur with low-topped convection across parts of New
    England, limited low-level moisture and related meager instability
    will likely hinder an organized severe wind threat.

    Showers and occasional thunderstorms will persist today over
    portions of the Southeast as a slow-moving front remains draped from
    the northern Gulf into southern GA/northern FL. A moist airmass is
    in place south of this boundary, but weak low/mid-level winds, poor
    lapse rates aloft, and effective bulk shear less than 30 kt will
    hamper updraft organization and severe potential.

    Elsewhere, isolated convection may continue today across parts of
    the Sierra into Great Basin, and over parts of the southern/central
    Rockies, as a weak upper trough develops eastward. Elevated
    thunderstorms may also occur late this afternoon through tonight
    across parts of the Upper Midwest. For all these regions, weak
    instability will greatly limit the risk for severe thunderstorms.

    $$

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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 6 00:49:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 060049
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060047

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0747 PM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 060100Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A 500 mb upper trough will continue to eject into the Atlantic as
    surface high pressure sets in from the Great Lakes to the East
    Coast. Showers and thunderstorms will continue along portions of the
    Gulf Coast to the FL Peninsula through tonight, where an unstable
    boundary layer, driven by 70s F surface dewpoints, remains in place.
    A few lightning flashes may also occur over the next couple of hours
    with ongoing isolated thunderstorms over the Great Basin, southern
    CO/northern NM, and the Upper MS Valley given cooler temperatures
    aloft.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 6 04:34:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 060434
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060432

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1132 PM CDT Mon Oct 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are unlikely today.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad northwesterly upper flow regime will encompass most of the
    CONUS as a 500 mb jet maximum overspreads the northern Plains from
    the central Canadian provinces today. A surface trough will progress
    across the MS Valley in tandem with the mid-level speed maximum,
    with surface high pressure remaining in place east of the
    Appalachians and West of the Rockies. A relatively cool and stable
    airmass will overspread most of the CONUS and limit thunderstorm
    potential over most areas. The main exception will be the FL
    Peninsula, where 70s F surface dewpoints will reside ahead of a
    diffuse baroclinic boundary, promoting enough buoyancy (albeit
    marginal) to support scattered thunderstorm potential. Colder
    temperatures aloft accompanying subtle impulses across the eastern
    Great Basin/Central Rockies and the northern Great Lakes will
    encourage a few lightning flashes in these regions as well.

    ...Central Florida Peninsula...
    A weak surface low is poised to develop along portions of the
    eastern Gulf and encourage locally backed surface winds across the
    central FL Peninsula. Strengthening/veering flow with height will
    yield modestly curved and elongated hodographs, but with marginal,
    thin CAPE profiles given very poor (5-5.5 C/km) mid-level lapse
    rates. A few storms may exhibit brief periods of transient low-level
    rotation offshore, but the threat for persistent, rotating updrafts
    reaching the shoreline appear too low for the introduction of severe probabilities this outlook.

    ..Squitieri/Wendt.. 10/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 6 12:46:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 061246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061245

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 AM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026

    Valid 061300Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely today.

    ...Central Florida Peninsula...
    Showers/some thunderstorms are common early today near the residual
    front from the northern Gulf to the north-central Florida Peninsula.
    A weak surface low/frontal wave is expected to develop over the
    northeast Gulf today, with some guidance advertising an increase in low/mid-tropospheric flow late today into tonight, as early day wind
    profiles are otherwise weak (reference 12z observed sounding from
    Tampa Bay). The more shear-optimistic guidance scenarios, via strengthening/veering flow with height, suggest wind profiles could
    trend conducive to weak/transient supercells. That said,
    destabilization across the Peninsula near the front is questionable
    with the expected persistence of marginal, thin CAPE profiles and
    poor (5-5.5 C/km) mid-level lapse rates. A few storms may exhibit brief/transient low-level rotation offshore, but the threat for
    persistent, rotating updrafts reaching near-shore/inland areas later
    today into tonight currently appears low.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 6 16:04:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 061604
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061602

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1102 AM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026

    Valid 061630Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE
    WEST-CENTRAL PART OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A Marginal Risk for a brief waterspout/tornado is forecast near the
    coast of the west-central part of the Florida Peninsula through
    tonight.

    ...Central Florida Peninsula...
    Radar mosaic shows a discontinuous cluster of showers/thunderstorms
    over the northeast Gulf associated with a weak surface low/frontal
    wave along a frontal zone draped across the central part of the FL
    Peninsula. Model guidance continues to show a modest enlargement of
    the hodograph through the late afternoon and continuing into
    tonight. Although tropospheric lapse rates will remain poor,
    sufficient heating in areas void of thicker clouds/rain will lead to
    weak destabilization across the central part of the Peninsula, as
    well as over the warm shelf waters west of Tampa Bay (200-500 J/kg
    MLCAPE). Radar observations earlier this morning showed a few
    brief/transient supercell structures. Expecting an episodic
    continuation of these convective characteristics to eventually
    migrate closer to the immediate coast this afternoon and perhaps
    linger into late tonight. As a result, a brief waterspout/tornado
    will be possible near the coast of the west-central portion of the
    Peninsula.

    Elsewhere, severe weather is not forecast.

    ..Smith/Karstens.. 10/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 6 19:58:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 061958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026

    Valid 062000Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE
    WEST-CENTRAL PARTS OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A Marginal Risk for a brief waterspout/tornado is forecast near the
    coast of the west-central part of the Florida Peninsula through
    tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    No changes were made to the outlook with this update. For
    information on the near-term severe risk, see MCD #2346.

    ..Weinman.. 10/06/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1102 AM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026/

    ...Central Florida Peninsula...
    Radar mosaic shows a discontinuous cluster of showers/thunderstorms
    over the northeast Gulf associated with a weak surface low/frontal
    wave along a frontal zone draped across the central part of the FL
    Peninsula. Model guidance continues to show a modest enlargement of
    the hodograph through the late afternoon and continuing into
    tonight. Although tropospheric lapse rates will remain poor,
    sufficient heating in areas void of thicker clouds/rain will lead to
    weak destabilization across the central part of the Peninsula, as
    well as over the warm shelf waters west of Tampa Bay (200-500 J/kg
    MLCAPE). Radar observations earlier this morning showed a few
    brief/transient supercell structures. Expecting an episodic
    continuation of these convective characteristics to eventually
    migrate closer to the immediate coast this afternoon and perhaps
    linger into late tonight. As a result, a brief waterspout/tornado
    will be possible near the coast of the west-central portion of the
    Peninsula.

    Elsewhere, severe weather is not forecast.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 7 00:59:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 070058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070056

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0756 PM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026

    Valid 070100Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A northwesterly upper flow regime continues across the CONUS as a
    mid-level jet overspreads the northern Plains from the south-central
    Canadian provinces. Surface high pressure remains in place east of
    the MS River and west of the Rockies, with subsidence limiting
    thunderstorm development over much of the CONUS. Isolated
    thunderstorm development is still possible over portions of the FL
    Peninsula. Earlier, transient rotating storms attempted to reach the
    western peninsula shoreline, but weakened when approaching land.
    With nocturnal cooling, and the weak surface low expected to meander
    over the eastern Gulf, the current thinking is that thunderstorms
    should only decrease in number and intensity through the night.
    While a brief, land-falling waterspout cannot be ruled out, the
    tornado threat appears low enough for the removal of severe
    probabilities.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 7 04:47:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 070447
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070445

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 PM CDT Tue Oct 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected across the U.S. today.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify over the Northeast while broad upper
    ridging overspreads much of the western and central CONUS today.
    This upper-air pattern will support surface troughing over the
    Northeast, and encourage surface high pressure to overspread the
    remainder of the U.S. With the upper trough over the northern Great Lakes/Northeast, and with a subtle impulse over the Four Corners to
    the central Plains, a few thunderstorms are possible given colder
    temperatures aloft with these aforementioned features. The best
    chance for thunderstorms will be along a moistened baroclinic zone
    ahead of a weak surface low over central FL.

    ...Western FL Peninsula Coastline...
    Similar to yesterday, a weak surface low will remain in place over
    the eastern Gulf, amid a moist low-level airmass, characterized by
    70s F surface dewpoints and minimal MLCINH. With afternoon heating, thunderstorm development should occur. As in previous days, lapse
    rates will be poor, with buoyancy driven by the rich low-level
    moisture, contributing to thin (500-1000 J/kg) MLCAPE profiles.
    Vertical wind shear will also be modest, though low-level veering
    may yield some low-level hodograph curvature and associated
    transient supercell potential. While waterspout potential will exist
    offshore, it is unclear if tornadic waterspout-producing storms will
    reach the western FL Peninsula coast, so severe probabilities will
    be withheld for now. However, severe probabilities may need to be
    added in later outlooks when meso-beta scale details regarding
    onshore severe potential become clearer.

    ..Squitieri/Wendt.. 10/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 7 12:45:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 071245
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071243

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0743 AM CDT Wed Oct 07 2026

    Valid 071300Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely across the U.S. today
    and tonight.

    ...West-central Florida Peninsula...
    A generally similar meteorological setup as yesterday is expected,
    with any strong/severe storm risk focused near/east of a weak
    surface wave, and along a front that extends from the northeast Gulf east-northeastward across the middle part of the Peninsula.
    Scattered showers with some thunderstorms are occurring early this
    morning either side of the front, and cloud cover is prevalent,
    although scattered cloud breaks are noted offshore over the eastern
    Gulf. A moist environment resides near/south of the front, with
    prevalent 70s F surface dewpoints and a 2.53 inch Precipitable Water
    value as sampled per the 12z observed Tampa Bay sounding. However,
    given cloud cover and ongoing precipitation, lapse rates will remain
    poor with limited overall instability and thin buoyancy profiles,
    which will tend to limit storm vigor.

    Vertical wind shear will also be modest (effective shear generally
    25 kt or less), and while 1-3 km AGL flow will remain weak, some
    low-level veering will yield some hodograph curvature that could
    support transient supercell potential. While waterspout potential
    will exist offshore, it is unclear if tornadic waterspout-producing
    storms will reach the west-central Florida Peninsula and/or if
    supercells will develop inland. Current thinking is that today's
    severe risk will remain low, but any need for severe probabilities
    will continue to be re-evaluated in subsequent outlooks.

    ...Northern New York...
    Isolated low-topped thunderstorms will be possible late today and
    more so into tonight, influenced by an amplifying upstream
    upper-level trough and approaching cold front. Overall buoyancy will
    be limited, but still sufficient for the possibility of
    thunderstorms. Furthermore, some convective enhancement/gusty winds
    are plausible tonight given the increasing magnitude of the low/mid-tropospheric flow and steepening lapse rates atop the
    boundary layer.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 7 16:22:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 071622
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071620

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CDT Wed Oct 07 2026

    Valid 071630Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely across the contiguous
    United States through tonight.

    ...Central portion of the Florida Peninsula...
    A diffuse frontal zone modulated by scattered showers and isolated
    thunderstorm activity will remain draped over the central portion of
    the FL Peninsula through tonight. A very moist tropospheric profile
    (sampled by the 12 UTC Tampa Bay raob) featuring weak lapse rates
    will limit overall updraft strength with scattered convection this
    afternoon across the Peninsula. Weak flow (at or below 20 kt) from
    surface through 300 mb will also act to restrict storm organization
    potential. Although a brief tornado/waterspout near the coast
    cannot be ruled out, it appears the risk for transient supercell
    structures and an associated threat for a brief tornado appear
    sufficiently low to preclude introducing severe probabilities this
    outlook update.

    ...Northern New York...
    Isolated low-topped thunderstorms will be possible late today and
    more so into tonight, influenced by an amplifying upstream
    upper-level trough and approaching cold front. Overall buoyancy
    will be limited, but still sufficient for the possibility of
    thunderstorms. Furthermore, some convective enhancement/gusty winds
    are plausible tonight given the increasing magnitude of the low/mid-tropospheric flow and steepening lapse rates atop the
    boundary layer.

    ..Smith/Barnes.. 10/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 7 19:43:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 071943
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071941

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Wed Oct 07 2026

    Valid 072000Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are unlikely across the contiguous
    United States through tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    No changes were needed with this update. Within the exit region of a
    robust midlevel jet overspreading the Midwest, a couple of strong
    low-topped thunderstorms are possible across the Upper Great Lakes
    this afternoon, and over the Lower Great Lakes this evening/tonight.
    While enhanced low/midlevel flow accompanying the jet and steep
    lapse rates could aid in a few strong wind gusts (potentially 40-50
    mph) across both areas, limited buoyancy and increasing low-level
    static stability over the Lower Great Lakes should limit the overall
    severe risk.

    ..Weinman.. 10/07/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1120 AM CDT Wed Oct 07 2026/

    ...Central portion of the Florida Peninsula...
    A diffuse frontal zone modulated by scattered showers and isolated
    thunderstorm activity will remain draped over the central portion of
    the FL Peninsula through tonight. A very moist tropospheric profile
    (sampled by the 12 UTC Tampa Bay raob) featuring weak lapse rates
    will limit overall updraft strength with scattered convection this
    afternoon across the Peninsula. Weak flow (at or below 20 kt) from
    surface through 300 mb will also act to restrict storm organization
    potential. Although a brief tornado/waterspout near the coast
    cannot be ruled out, it appears the risk for transient supercell
    structures and an associated threat for a brief tornado appear
    sufficiently low to preclude introducing severe probabilities this
    outlook update.

    ...Northern New York...
    Isolated low-topped thunderstorms will be possible late today and
    more so into tonight, influenced by an amplifying upstream
    upper-level trough and approaching cold front. Overall buoyancy
    will be limited, but still sufficient for the possibility of
    thunderstorms. Furthermore, some convective enhancement/gusty winds
    are plausible tonight given the increasing magnitude of the low/mid-tropospheric flow and steepening lapse rates atop the
    boundary layer.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 8 01:00:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 080100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Wed Oct 07 2026

    Valid 080100Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe threat is forecast across the U.S. this evening and
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level cyclonic flow pattern is in place over the northeastern
    third of the nation, with west-northwesterly flow located over the
    remainder of the U.S. At the surface, a moist airmass is located in
    along the Gulf Coast, where isolated thunderstorms will be possible
    this evening and tonight, mainly across the Florida Peninsula.
    Scattered storms will also be possible ahead of a shortwave trough
    in the Northeast, and across parts of the Four Corners region. No
    severe threat is expected across the continental U.S. through
    daybreak on Thursday.

    ..Broyles.. 10/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 8 05:55:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 080554
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080552

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1252 AM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast across the U.S. today or
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level cyclonic flow pattern will be in place today from the
    upper Mississippi Valley into the Northeast, as west-northwesterly
    flow aloft remains over most of the remainder of the nation. At the
    surface, a moist airmass will be located along the Gulf Coast, where
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms will be possible, mainly from
    southeastern Louisiana eastward to Florida. Additional storms may
    develop in parts of the Desert Southwest and Four Corners region.
    Scattered storms will also be possible in Iowa and from northern New
    York into northern New England. No severe threat is expected today
    or tonight across the continental U.S.

    ..Broyles/Squitieri.. 10/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 8 12:48:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081248
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081246

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 AM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026

    Valid 081300Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PENINSULA AND UPPER MIDWEST/MIDDLE MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Localized severe thunderstorms may occur across the middle Florida
    Peninsula today and/or across parts of the Upper Midwest and middle
    Missouri Valley tonight.

    ...Florida Peninsula...
    A semi-persistent general pattern continues with storms focusing
    along a convectively reinforced front from the eastern Gulf across
    the middle part of the Peninsula. While not a high-confidence
    scenario, a few subtleties may imply a bit more near-shore supercell
    and waterspout/brief tornado potential as compared to yesterday.

    The latest WSR-88D VWP data from KTBW samples weak
    lower-tropospheric winds but with moderate directional turning and a
    speed increase above 3km AGL, netting around 25-30 kt effective
    shear. This is consistent with a modest 00z-to-12z increase in winds
    aloft noted in Tampa Bay observed soundings, with a mid-level
    cooling trend also noted. Winds aloft may further trend a bit upward
    this afternoon per various guidance, potentially supporting a few organized/sustained storms capable of at least weak/transient
    rotation, especially in vicinity of the surface front. It also
    appears that clouds are not quite as prevalent early today within
    the nearby warm sector inland, which could modestly boost parcel
    accelerations within a very moist environment, characterized by
    73-75F surface dewpoints. The overall scenario could seemingly
    support some potential for near-shore waterspouts or possibly even a
    brief tornado inland near the front.

    ...Iowa/middle Missouri Valley tonight...
    Isolated to widely scattered elevated thunderstorms should develop
    tonight as warm advection and isentropic ascent increase to the
    northeast of a northeastward-advancing warm front. Source region
    moisture will be modest, but sufficient mid-level moistening will
    support thunderstorm potential on the edge of the Great Plains
    elevated mixed layer. While some elevated moisture/buoyancy guidance
    depictions may be a bit too aggressive (such as the NAM), a general
    increase in guidance trends lends credence to the possibility that
    750-1250 J/kg MUCAPE may materialize. With effective shear in the
    cloud-bearing layer expected to increase to 40+ kt, the possibility
    exists for a few elevated supercells late this evening into the
    overnight, with a few instances of hail possible.

    ..Guyer/Dean.. 10/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 8 16:38:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081625
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081623

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1123 AM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026

    Valid 081630Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL PORTION OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA AND IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Localized severe thunderstorms may occur across the central portion
    of the Florida Peninsula and/or across Iowa tonight.

    ...Florida Peninsula...
    Visible-satellite imagery shows a cloud shield generally near and
    north of a residual frontal zone draped across the central portion
    of the FL Peninsula. Filtered sunshine generally south of the I-4
    corridor will contribute to weak destabilization in the presence of
    a tropical airmass characterized by mid-upper 70s deg F surface
    dewpoints. Model forecast soundings show moderate effective shear
    (25-30 kt) and a veering wind profile through a deep layer. Given
    the very moist boundary layer coupled with proximity to the frontal
    zone and shear supporting potentially transient weak rotation, a
    brief tornado or waterspout is possible.

    ...Iowa...
    Isolated to scattered elevated thunderstorms are forecast
    tonight in tandem with around 1000 J/kg MUCAPE developing as warm
    advection and isentropic ascent increase to the northeast of a northeastward-advancing warm front. With effective shear in the
    cloud-bearing layer expected to increase to 40+ kt, the possibility
    exists for a few elevated supercells late this evening into the
    overnight, with a few instances of marginally severe hail possible.

    ..Smith/Jirak.. 10/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 8 20:04:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 081933
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081932

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026

    Valid 082000Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL PORTION OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA AND IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Localized severe thunderstorms may occur across the central portion
    of the Florida Peninsula and/or across Iowa tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    The forecast remains on track, and no changes were needed with this
    update. See the previous discussion below for details.

    ..Weinman.. 10/08/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1123 AM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026/

    ...Florida Peninsula...
    Visible-satellite imagery shows a cloud shield generally near and
    north of a residual frontal zone draped across the central portion
    of the FL Peninsula. Filtered sunshine generally south of the I-4
    corridor will contribute to weak destabilization in the presence of
    a tropical airmass characterized by mid-upper 70s deg F surface
    dewpoints. Model forecast soundings show moderate effective shear
    (25-30 kt) and a veering wind profile through a deep layer. Given
    the very moist boundary layer coupled with proximity to the frontal
    zone and shear supporting potentially transient weak rotation, a
    brief tornado or waterspout is possible.

    ...Iowa...
    Isolated to scattered elevated thunderstorms are forecast
    tonight in tandem with around 1000 J/kg MUCAPE developing as warm
    advection and isentropic ascent increase to the northeast of a northeastward-advancing warm front. With effective shear in the
    cloud-bearing layer expected to increase to 40+ kt, the possibility
    exists for a few elevated supercells late this evening into the
    overnight, with a few instances of marginally severe hail possible.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 9 06:08:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 090100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Thu Oct 08 2026

    Valid 090100Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PENINSULA AND IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Localized severe thunderstorms may occur across the west-central
    part of the Florida Peninsula and across parts of Iowa tonight.

    ...Florida Peninsula...
    Water vapor imagery currently shows a plume of mid-level moisture
    associated with Hurricane Isaias from the central Gulf of America
    northeastward across much of the Southeast. Thunderstorms associated
    with Isaias will move inland across the Florida Peninsula this
    evening into tonight. Over the southern half of Florida, the RAP
    shows MLCAPE in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range. The most favorable zone
    for rotating storms will be along the northern edge of the stronger
    instability near and to the southeast of Tampa Bay. RAP forecast
    soundings in the area have veering winds with height in the lowest 3
    km with enough low-level shear for an isolated tornado threat.

    ...Iowa...
    At mid-levels, west-northwesterly flow is located over the central
    and northern U.S. A subtle shortwave trough appears to be moving
    through South Dakota. Lift will be maximized in the mid Missouri
    Valley ahead of this feature, along the far eastern edge of a
    central Plains low-level speed max. As low-level flow increases this
    evening, elevated storms will continue to develop over western and
    central Iowa. RAP forecast soundings in west-central Iowa show a
    sharp temperature inversion at low-levels, with steep lapse rates
    above 900 mb. The resulting MUCAPE is forecast to be in the 1500 to
    2000 J/kg range. This combined with about 50 knots of effective
    shear should be enough for an isolated hail threat.

    ..Broyles.. 10/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 9 18:39:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 090539
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090537

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...SOUTHEAST ALABAMA AND SOUTHWEST GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with Hurricane Isaias will have potential
    to produce tornadoes from this afternoon into the overnight period
    from the Florida Panhandle into southeast Alabama and southwest
    Georgia.

    ...Florida Panhandle/Southeast Alabama/Southwest Georgia...
    The National Hurricane Center is forecasting Isaias to make landfall
    near Pensacola early this evening. As the center of Isaias
    approaches the Gulf Coast this afternoon, rainbands will spread
    across the Florida Panhandle. Within these bands, thunderstorms will
    develop and move inland. The airmass ahead of these bands is
    forecast to be very moist and unstable. Surface dewpoints in the mid
    to upper 70s will contribute to moderate instability, with MLCAPE
    likely peaking in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range along parts of the
    coast. RAP forecast soundings in the Florida Panhandle to the east
    of Isaias' center early this evening suggest that 0-3 km
    storm-relative helicity will increase to around 200 m2/s2, which
    will support rotating storms with potential to produce tornadoes.
    The tornado threat is expected to persist into the overnight period
    as the rainbands associated with Isaias move northward into southern
    Alabama and southwest Georgia.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 9 18:43:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 091615
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091613

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1113 AM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026

    Valid 091630Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE FLORIDA
    PANHANDLE INTO NORTHERN FLORIDA...SOUTHEAST ALABAMA...AND SOUTHWEST
    GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    With the approach of Hurricane Isaias, tornado potential will
    steadily increase this afternoon and continue tonight, especially
    across the Florida Panhandle into southeast Alabama and southwest
    Georgia.

    ...Florida Panhandle into northern Florida/southern Alabama/southern
    Georgia...
    Reference the National Hurricane Center for the latest forecast
    track/intensity details regarding Hurricane Isaias. The latest
    discussion indicates that Isaias has reached major hurricane status
    as it moves north-northeastward toward the western Florida
    Panhandle/far southern Alabama.

    As Isaias approaches the coast, rainbands on its eastern periphery
    will spread northward toward the Big Bend of the Florida Panhandle,
    far southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia this afternoon
    into tonight. Throughout the day, a more unstable airmass over the
    eastern Gulf will advance northward, resulting in destabilization
    over the coastal areas of the Florida Panhandle. The current VAD
    profile at KTLH is already supportive of tornado potential (i.e.,
    0-1 SRH over 250 m2/s2), and low-level winds and SRH will strengthen significantly this afternoon and evening. Once the mid 70s F
    dewpoints come onshore, persistent, deeper updrafts will be possible
    with the propensity to rotate and have the potential to produce
    tornadoes, particularly across the Florida Panhandle into
    southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.

    Additionally, some enhancement to the wind field, potentially
    including a convective influence, may occur across southern Alabama
    in vicinity of the evolving inverted surface trough late this
    afternoon into tonight.

    ..Jirak/Smith.. 10/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 9 19:38:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 091258
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091257

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 AM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026

    Valid 091300Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN FLORIDA...SOUTHEAST ALABAMA...AND SOUTHWEST GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    With the approach of Hurricane Isaias, tornado potential will
    steadily increase this afternoon and continue tonight, especially
    across the Florida Panhandle into southeast Alabama and southwest
    Georgia.

    ...Northern Florida/southern Alabama/southern Georgia...
    Reference the National Hurricane Center for the latest forecast
    track/intensity details regarding Hurricane Isaias. Such forecasts
    call for additional strengthening of Isaias today as it continues
    generally north-northeastward toward the Florida Panhandle/far
    southern Alabama.

    As this scenario unfolds, eastern-peripheral rainbands will spread
    northward, potentially as far east as the near-coastal western
    Peninsula today, and more so toward the Florida coastal bend and
    eventually broader parts of the Florida Panhandle, far southern
    Alabama and southern Georgia by late today into tonight. This will
    occur as inland continental trajectories are displaced/overcome by a northward-advancing Isaias and eastward-extending maritime warm
    front. Destabilization will tend to be maximized in coastal areas on
    its eastern periphery, all while low-level winds/SRH significantly
    strengthen over time. Rotating storms will have the potential to
    produce tornadoes, particularly across the Florida Panhandle/nearby
    northern Florida into southeast Alabama and far southern Georgia.

    Additionally, some enhancement to the wind field, potentially
    including a convective influence, may occur across southern Alabama
    in vicinity of the evolving inverted surface trough late this
    afternoon into tonight.

    ..Guyer/Wendt.. 10/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 9 19:58:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 091958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026

    Valid 092000Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE FLORIDA
    PANHANDLE INTO NORTHERN FLORIDA...SOUTHEAST ALABAMA...AND SOUTHWEST
    GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    With the approach of Hurricane Isaias, tornado potential will
    continue increasing through the remainder of the afternoon and
    continue tonight, especially across the Florida Panhandle into
    southeast Alabama and southwest Georgia.

    ...20Z Update...
    The forecast remains on track, and only minor adjustments were made
    with this update. For details on the near-term severe risk, see MCD
    #2349 and Tornado Watch #677.

    ..Weinman.. 10/09/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1113 AM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026/

    ...Florida Panhandle into northern Florida/southern Alabama/southern
    Georgia...
    Reference the National Hurricane Center for the latest forecast
    track/intensity details regarding Hurricane Isaias. The latest
    discussion indicates that Isaias has reached major hurricane status
    as it moves north-northeastward toward the western Florida
    Panhandle/far southern Alabama.

    As Isaias approaches the coast, rainbands on its eastern periphery
    will spread northward toward the Big Bend of the Florida Panhandle,
    far southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia this afternoon
    into tonight. Throughout the day, a more unstable airmass over the
    eastern Gulf will advance northward, resulting in destabilization
    over the coastal areas of the Florida Panhandle. The current VAD
    profile at KTLH is already supportive of tornado potential (i.e.,
    0-1 SRH over 250 m2/s2), and low-level winds and SRH will strengthen significantly this afternoon and evening. Once the mid 70s F
    dewpoints come onshore, persistent, deeper updrafts will be possible
    with the propensity to rotate and have the potential to produce
    tornadoes, particularly across the Florida Panhandle into
    southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.

    Additionally, some enhancement to the wind field, potentially
    including a convective influence, may occur across southern Alabama
    in vicinity of the evolving inverted surface trough late this
    afternoon into tonight.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 10 01:00:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 100100
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100058

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 PM CDT Fri Oct 09 2026

    Valid 100100Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    FLORIDA PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHEAST ALABAMA AND SOUTHWEST GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with Hurricane Isaias will move inland this
    evening into the overnight. Rotating cells could be associated with
    a tornado threat, mainly from the Florida Panhandle northward into
    southeast Alabama and southwest Georgia.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The center of Hurricane Isaias is currently near the Florida coast.
    The primary band of rainfall is north of the Isaias' center over the
    western Florida Panhandle. A second rainband extends from the
    eastern Florida Panhandle southward along the coast of the
    northwestern Florida Peninsula. Thunderstorms will continue to form
    within these rainbands and move northward over land this evening.
    The latest WSR-88D VWPs in the Florida Panhandle have strong
    low-level shear profiles with large looped hodographs. This will
    support the development of rotating storms with tornado potential,
    mainly with cells that remain semi-discrete. The tornado threat is
    expected to continue through this evening into overnight period,
    with the threat gradually moving northward into southeast Alabama
    and southwestern Georgia.

    ..Broyles.. 10/10/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 10 05:56:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 100556
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100554

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE EASTERN FLORIDA PANHANDLE...GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a tornado threat will be possible
    today from the eastern Florida Panhandle northeastward into the
    Carolinas. A few severe wind gusts may also occur in parts of the
    Desert Southwest.

    ...Eastern Florida Panhandle/Georgia/Carolinas...
    The remnants of Isaias are forecast to move northward into the
    Tennessee Valley today. The eastern extent of the system will move north-northeastward across Georgia and South Carolina today, where
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms will develop as surface
    temperatures warm. From eastern Georgia into South Carolina, surface
    dewpoints in the mid to upper 70s F will contribute to moderate
    instability, with MLCAPE likely peaking in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg
    range. RAP forecast soundings along and near the axis of instability
    this afternoon have veering winds with height below 850 mb and 30 to
    40 knot of flow in the low to mid-levels. 0-3 km storm-relative
    helicity is forecast to peak near 225 m2/s2. This will support a
    tornado threat with supercells that remain semi-discrete. The
    tornado threat is expected to persist into the evening as the
    eastern periphery of Isaias moves into the Carolinas.

    ...Western and Southern Arizona/Southeast California...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move northeastward toward Baja
    California today, with the system interacting with Tropical Storm
    Rachel. Ahead of the system, low-level moisture advection will
    increase surface dewpoints into the 60s F over much of western and
    southern Arizona by this evening. In response, MLCAPE is forecast to
    increase to near 1000 J/kg over parts of southwest Arizona. This
    combined with large-scale ascent ahead of the system and lift
    associated with a low-level jet will provide support for scattered
    thunderstorm development. In addition, the exit region of a
    mid-level jet is forecast to overspread southwest Arizona during the
    evening. This feature will create moderate to strong deep-layer
    shear, which will be sufficient for supercells. If a supercell can
    develop, then isolated severe wind gusts would be possible.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/10/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 10 12:50:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101250
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101248

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0748 AM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026

    Valid 101300Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    GEORGIA INTO WESTERN/SOUTHERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a tornado threat will be possible
    today from eastern Georgia into western/southern South Carolina. A
    few severe wind gusts may also occur in parts of the Desert
    Southwest.

    ...Eastern Florida Panhandle/Georgia/Carolinas...
    Isaias underwent a rapid transition to a post-tropical cyclone after
    landfall Friday evening, with a notable baroclinic zone now in place
    throughout its eastern periphery. The low-level center of this
    system is currently over southeast AL, with a warm front extending east-northeastward from this center across central GA, central SC,
    and eastern NC. General expectation is for this former tropical
    cyclone to spend the first half of the period completing its
    transition to a mid-latitude cyclone over MS/AL before then
    progressing northeastward across the TN Valley later tonight. The
    surface low is expected to drift northeastward as the system
    matures, centering over northern AL by 00Z. As it does, its warm
    sector, which is characterized by low to mid 70s dewpoints, will
    expand northwestward into more of GA and the Carolinas. This
    increase in low-level moisture will support moderate buoyancy (i.e.
    MLCAPE around 1500 J/kg) despite widespread cloudiness and limited
    heating. Low-level confluence within the warm sector, augmented by
    modest but persistent large-scale ascent, is expected to support
    thunderstorm development throughout the period, particularly during
    the afternoon.

    The stronger low to mid-level flow will be displaced west of the
    greater low-level moisture and associated buoyancy. Even so,
    southeasterly low-level flow veering to southerly in the mid/upper
    levels will result in moderate vertical shear and the potential for
    occasional organization/intensification of the predominantly
    multicellular structures. Several brief tornadoes could result
    within any of these more organized storms. Convectively augmented
    damaging wind gusts are possible as well. Greatest severe potential
    is expected along the GA/SC border vicinity between 21Z and 00Z.

    ...Lower CO River Valley into South-Central AZ...
    Complex synoptic evolution is anticipated over the eastern Pacific
    Ocean, just upstream of southern CA and the Baja Peninsula, as
    Tropical Storm Rachel interacts with a compact mid-latitude cyclone.
    The interaction will increase the northeastward motion of the
    tropical cyclone, while also resulting an expanded low to mid-level
    wind field. Additionally, this evolution will favor advection of
    notable low-level moisture into the Lower CO River Valley and
    adjacent southern/central AZ. Overall thunderstorm coverage is
    expected to increase throughout the day into tonight. Deep-layer
    vertical shear will be stronger enough for supercells, a few of
    which could produce strong wind gusts. Additionally, surface low
    associated with the tropical cyclone is forecast to move into the
    Lower CO River Valley region after 06Z. Increase low-level winds and
    moisture will support a low-probability tornado threat.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/10/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 10 16:30:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 101630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026

    Valid 101630Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    GEORGIA INTO SOUTHERN AND EASTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of tornadoes are possible today over eastern Georgia into
    the Carolinas.

    ...FL Big Bend/Georgia/Carolinas...
    Midday surface mesoanalysis places the remnant circulation from
    Isaias over central AL with a west-east oriented frontal zone
    extending eastward from the low to the SC coast. A cold front arcs
    southeast through western GA into the FL Panhandle. The warm sector
    continues to destabilize as cloud cover thins and stronger heating
    commences. A bubbling cumulus field will eventually transition to
    scattered convective development this afternoon. The warm front
    will gradually advance northward through central SC later today and
    the coastal plain of NC. Enlarged hodographs will conditionally
    support storm-scale rotation with stronger and more persistent
    updrafts. A couple of tornadoes are possible primarily coincident
    with the diurnal heating cycle when buoyancy will be maximized.
    Models show surface-based instability eventually inundating northern
    portions of SC as the warm front advances north tonight. A Marginal
    Risk for a tornado or two may continue tonight, although uncertainty
    is high regarding this potential scenario.

    ...Southeast ID...
    Water-vapor imagery shows an upper trough pivoting slowly east
    across the Pacific Northwest today. A belt of 40+ kt 500-mb
    southwesterly flow will extend through the base of the trough and
    areas downstream across the northern Great Basin into the northern
    Rockies. As temperatures gradually warm and clouds erode through
    the mid afternoon, forecast soundings show very steep surface to
    500-mb lapse rates and the development of weak buoyancy. Guidance
    suggests scattered storms developing later this afternoon and moving
    east across the Upper Snake Valley into western WY. An isolated
    risk for marginally severe hail and severe gusts may accompany the
    stronger storms.

    ...Lower CO River Valley into South-Central AZ...
    Tropical Storm Rachel will undergo an extratropical transition
    during the period as it moves northeast into the lower CO Valley by
    early Sunday morning per the latest NHC forecast. An
    intensification of the wind profile through a deep layer is evident
    in forecast soundings across the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts
    especially tonight. Seasonably rich boundary layer moisture
    advecting north will contribute to at least weak destabilization and
    the possibility for a few organized updrafts. Will maintain
    low-severe probabilities this outlook update.

    ..Smith/Barnes.. 10/10/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 10 20:02:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 102002
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 102000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026

    Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    GEORGIA INTO SOUTHERN AND EASTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for a few tornadoes will continue into this evening across
    parts of eastern Georgia into southern and eastern South Carolina.

    ...20Z Update...
    The primary change with this update was the addition of CIG1 tornado
    area, focused along the border of eastern GA and southern SC. The
    combination of a large/clockwise-curved low-level hodograph (330
    m2/s2 0-1km SRH per CAE VWP) and a warm/moist PBL along an effective
    warm front will conditionally support a strong tornado with any
    established supercells this afternoon and evening. For additional
    details on the near-term severe risk, see Tornado Watch #679.

    Elsewhere, the previous forecast remains on track, and only minor
    changes were made.

    ..Weinman.. 10/10/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026/

    ...FL Big Bend/Georgia/Carolinas...
    Midday surface mesoanalysis places the remnant circulation from
    Isaias over central AL with a west-east oriented frontal zone
    extending eastward from the low to the SC coast. A cold front arcs
    southeast through western GA into the FL Panhandle. The warm sector
    continues to destabilize as cloud cover thins and stronger heating
    commences. A bubbling cumulus field will eventually transition to
    scattered convective development this afternoon. The warm front
    will gradually advance northward through central SC later today and
    the coastal plain of NC. Enlarged hodographs will conditionally
    support storm-scale rotation with stronger and more persistent
    updrafts. A couple of tornadoes are possible primarily coincident
    with the diurnal heating cycle when buoyancy will be maximized.
    Models show surface-based instability eventually inundating northern
    portions of SC as the warm front advances north tonight. A Marginal
    Risk for a tornado or two may continue tonight, although uncertainty
    is high regarding this potential scenario.

    ...Southeast ID...
    Water-vapor imagery shows an upper trough pivoting slowly east
    across the Pacific Northwest today. A belt of 40+ kt 500-mb
    southwesterly flow will extend through the base of the trough and
    areas downstream across the northern Great Basin into the northern
    Rockies. As temperatures gradually warm and clouds erode through
    the mid afternoon, forecast soundings show very steep surface to
    500-mb lapse rates and the development of weak buoyancy. Guidance
    suggests scattered storms developing later this afternoon and moving
    east across the Upper Snake Valley into western WY. An isolated
    risk for marginally severe hail and severe gusts may accompany the
    stronger storms.

    ...Lower CO River Valley into South-Central AZ...
    Tropical Storm Rachel will undergo an extratropical transition
    during the period as it moves northeast into the lower CO Valley by
    early Sunday morning per the latest NHC forecast. An
    intensification of the wind profile through a deep layer is evident
    in forecast soundings across the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts
    especially tonight. Seasonably rich boundary layer moisture
    advecting north will contribute to at least weak destabilization and
    the possibility for a few organized updrafts. Will maintain
    low-severe probabilities this outlook update.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 11 00:59:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 110059
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110057

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 PM CDT Sat Oct 10 2026

    Valid 110100Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CAROLINAS AND DESERT SOUTHWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with an isolated tornado threat will be
    possible this evening across parts of the Carolinas. A few severe
    wind gusts will also be possible in parts of the Desert Southwest.

    ...Carolinas...
    The remnants of Isaias will continue to move northward across the
    Tennessee Valley this evening. In the eastern part of the system,
    scattered convection with little lightning activity is currently
    ongoing from eastern Georgia northward into the western Carolinas.
    This convection is located along and near the axis of a low-level
    jet. Surface analysis has dewpoints over much of eastern Georgia and
    southern South Carolina in the 70s F. Within this moist airmass, the
    RAP has MLCAPE in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range. In addition, the
    latest WSR-88D VWP at Columbia, South Carolina has a looped
    hodograph with 0-3 km storm-relative helicity near 500 m2/s2. This
    strong low-level shear will support a tornado threat this evening
    into the overnight with rotating cells that remain semi-discrete,
    mainly across the eastern half of South Carolina into southern North
    Carolina.

    ...Desert Southwest...
    Tropical Storm Rachel, in conjunction with a mid-level shortwave
    trough, will move toward the northern part of Baja California this
    evening. Ahead of the system, moisture advection will continue
    across parts of the Desert Southwest. Over southwestern Arizona,
    surface dewpoints will continue to increase into the mid to upper
    60s F, aiding destabilization this evening with MLCAPE increasing to
    around 1000 J/kg. In addition, large-scale ascent will increase as
    the exit region of a mid-level jet overspreads the region. In
    response to the lift, scattered thunderstorms will likely develop
    and move northeastward across southern and western Arizona this
    evening. The mid-level jet will also create moderate to strong
    deep-layer shear sufficient for isolated severe storms. A few severe
    wind gusts will be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 10/11/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 11 05:53:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 110553
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110550

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing isolated severe wind gusts and a
    tornado or two will be possible today across parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic. Additional storms with isolated severe gusts will be
    possible in parts of the Desert Southwest and Four Corners region.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    The remnants of Isaias will move through the southern Appalachians
    and Mid-Atlantic today. At the surface, a moist airmass will advect northeastward across North Carolina and eastern Virginia, where
    dewpoints will increase into the 70s F. MLCAPE is forecast to peak
    in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range over parts of the Mid-Atlantic by
    afternoon. Scattered thunderstorms will develop in the Carolina
    Piedmont this morning and move northeastward into the lower
    elevations of eastern North Carolina and south-central Virginia
    early this afternoon. RAP forecast soundings from near Raleigh
    northward to west of Richmond around midday have long curved
    hodographs, with 0-3 km storm-relative helicity in the 200 to 225
    m2/s2 range. This will support a tornado threat with supercells that
    remain discrete. The tornado threat should persist into the evening
    as the stronger storms move toward the Mid-Atlantic coast.

    ...Desert Southwest/Four Corners...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move northeastward today from the
    Desert Southwest into the Four Corners region. At the surface, an
    axis of low-level moisture will be in place from southwestern
    Arizona extending northeastward toward the Four Corners. Weak
    instability will develop along this southwest-to-northeast corridor
    as surface temperature warm. Large-scale ascent associated with the
    shortwave trough will support scattered thunderstorm development
    this afternoon. Forecast soundings from western Arizona into
    southeast Utah this afternoon have strong unidirectional winds from
    the south-southwest in the low to mid-levels. The resultant strong
    deep-layer shear could support a marginal wind-damage threat.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/11/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 11 12:45:54 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 111245
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111243

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0743 AM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026

    Valid 111300Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing isolated severe wind gusts and a
    tornado or two will be possible today across parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic. Additional storms with isolated severe gusts will be
    possible in parts of the Desert Southwest and Four Corners region.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    The remnants of Isaias are now a vertically stacked cyclone centered
    over Middle TN this morning. Warm sector associated with this
    cyclone is displaced east of the primary cyclone center, and is
    delineated well by the 64 deg F isodrosotherm. This isodrosotherm
    currently extends from the southern Delmarva Peninsula southwestward
    to a triple point low over the TN/NC border and then southward
    across central/south-central GA and the far eastern FL Panhandle.
    Moderate low to mid-level southerly/southwesterly flow currently
    extends throughout the eastern periphery of the cyclone over the
    warm sector.

    Primary core of the cyclone is forecast to progress northeastward
    across the central Appalachians this afternoon/evening before
    continuing northeastward across VA to the Mid-Atlantic coast
    overnight into early tomorrow. The occluded surface and triple point
    lows associated with this system will shift northeastward as well.
    This progression will result in northward advection of the warm
    sector into more of eastern NC and southeast VA while the cold front
    pushes eastward/northeastward. Abundant cloud cover will limit
    heating and lapse rates will remain poor, but abundant low-level
    moisture will still support moderate buoyancy across the warm
    sector. This buoyancy will support thunderstorm development along
    and ahead of the cold front as it moves northeastward across the
    region. Moderate low to mid-level southerly/southwesterly flow will
    persist across the warm sector, supporting the potential for rotation/organization with any deep and persistent updrafts. As a
    result, isolated damaging gusts and a few brief tornadoes are
    possible across the region. The best overlap between buoyancy and
    shear is expected between 18Z and 00Z from north-central/northeast
    NC into central/southeast VA.

    ...Desert Southwest/Eastern Great Basin...
    Remnants of tropical cyclone Rachel are currently centered in the
    CA/NV/AZ border vicinity, at the base of a broad upper trough
    covering much of the western CONUS. These remnants are forecast to
    progress northeastward today, moving quickly through the Great Basin
    and ending the period over central/eastern MT. At the same time,
    another cyclone will shift southward across the Pacific Northwest.
    Dynamic response to this evolution will support a belt of strong
    mid-level southwesterly flow from southern CA/AZ through WY into the
    northern High Plains. Low to mid-level moisture associated with the
    remnants of Rachel will spread northeastward as well.

    Persistent large-scale forcing for ascent and the aforementioned
    moisture will support scattered thunderstorms. Strong low to
    mid-level southwesterly flow will result in occasionally intense
    bowing segments capable of strong gusts, particularly in any areas
    that can experience filtered daytime heating. A low-probability
    tornado risk will also exist from this morning into the early
    afternoon across near the surface low over the CA/NV/AZ border
    intersection vicinity. Here, moist low-level southerly will elongate
    hodographs (as shown in current ESX VAD), resulting in a kinematic
    environment supportive of tornadoes. Limited buoyancy should keep
    any tornado threat isolated and brief.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/11/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 11 16:31:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 111631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026

    Valid 111630Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few tornadoes are possible across parts of North Carolina and
    Virginia through the late afternoon. Additional storms with
    isolated severe gusts will be possible in parts of the Desert
    Southwest and Four Corners region.

    ...NC/VA vicinity...
    Midday water-vapor imagery shows a dry slot/vorticity lobe wrapping
    through the base of the larger-scale remnants/cyclone associated
    with Isaias and progressing eastward across the southern Appalachians/Carolinas. Surface analysis places a triple point over
    northwest NC with a maritime warm frontal zone draped east-northeast
    into the DelMarVa. Despite considerable cloud cover according to visible-satellite imagery, surface temperatures are gradually
    warming into the mid to upper 70s across eastern NC and far
    southeast VA. This modest heating has led to the development of
    around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE across eastern NC and weaker buoyancy
    farther north near Richmond, VA (a few hundred J/kg). The forced
    band of broken thunderstorm activity moving east across NC will
    likely be the primary feature for severe weather across this general
    region through the late afternoon. A few supercells embedded within
    the north-south oriented band will potentially pose a risk for a few
    additional tornadoes and perhaps an isolated risk for strong to
    locally severe gusts (see MCD 2361 for short-term details). Have
    added a level-1 intensity highlight for the area of greatest
    tornadic supercell potential through mid afternoon. By late this
    afternoon, it is possible (albeit uncertain) that a narrow corridor
    adequately destabilizes ahead of triple point as it develops
    northeastward into central VA. If sufficient destabilization occurs
    and sustained/robust storms also develop, a localized tornado/wind
    threat could ensue prior to sunset.

    ...Desert Southwest/Eastern Great Basin...
    Remnants of tropical cyclone Rachel are currently centered in the
    CA/NV/AZ border vicinity, at the base of a broad upper trough
    covering much of the western CONUS. These remnants are forecast to
    progress northeastward today, moving quickly through the Great Basin
    and ending the period over central/eastern MT. Persistent
    large-scale forcing for ascent and the aforementioned moisture will
    support scattered thunderstorms. Strong low to mid-level
    southwesterly flow will result in occasionally intense bowing
    segments capable of strong gusts, particularly in any areas
    that can experience filtered daytime heating.

    ..Smith/Barnes.. 10/11/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 11 20:01:58 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 112001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 112000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026

    Valid 112000Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of tornadoes remain possible across parts eastern North
    Carolina and southeastern Virginia into early evening. Additional
    storms with isolated severe gusts will be possible in parts of the
    Desert Southwest and Four Corners region.

    ...20Z Update...
    Severe probabilities were trimmed behind the primary
    north/south-oriented broken band of thunderstorms spreading eastward
    across eastern NC and southeastern VA. While thunderstorms have been
    weakening while approaching the coast, a moist air mass and
    clockwise-curved low-level hodograph (around 250-300 m2/s2 0-1 km
    SRH per VWP data) will still conditionally support a couple of
    tornadoes within Tornado Watch #681 into early evening.

    Elsewhere, the previous forecast remains on track and no changes
    were made.

    ..Weinman.. 10/11/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026/

    ...NC/VA vicinity...
    Midday water-vapor imagery shows a dry slot/vorticity lobe wrapping
    through the base of the larger-scale remnants/cyclone associated
    with Isaias and progressing eastward across the southern Appalachians/Carolinas. Surface analysis places a triple point over
    northwest NC with a maritime warm frontal zone draped east-northeast
    into the DelMarVa. Despite considerable cloud cover according to visible-satellite imagery, surface temperatures are gradually
    warming into the mid to upper 70s across eastern NC and far
    southeast VA. This modest heating has led to the development of
    around 1000 J/kg MLCAPE across eastern NC and weaker buoyancy
    farther north near Richmond, VA (a few hundred J/kg). The forced
    band of broken thunderstorm activity moving east across NC will
    likely be the primary feature for severe weather across this general
    region through the late afternoon. A few supercells embedded within
    the north-south oriented band will potentially pose a risk for a few
    additional tornadoes and perhaps an isolated risk for strong to
    locally severe gusts (see MCD 2361 for short-term details). Have
    added a level-1 intensity highlight for the area of greatest
    tornadic supercell potential through mid afternoon. By late this
    afternoon, it is possible (albeit uncertain) that a narrow corridor
    adequately destabilizes ahead of triple point as it develops
    northeastward into central VA. If sufficient destabilization occurs
    and sustained/robust storms also develop, a localized tornado/wind
    threat could ensue prior to sunset.

    ...Desert Southwest/Eastern Great Basin...
    Remnants of tropical cyclone Rachel are currently centered in the
    CA/NV/AZ border vicinity, at the base of a broad upper trough
    covering much of the western CONUS. These remnants are forecast to
    progress northeastward today, moving quickly through the Great Basin
    and ending the period over central/eastern MT. Persistent
    large-scale forcing for ascent and the aforementioned moisture will
    support scattered thunderstorms. Strong low to mid-level
    southwesterly flow will result in occasionally intense bowing
    segments capable of strong gusts, particularly in any areas
    that can experience filtered daytime heating.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 12 00:49:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 120049
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120047

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0747 PM CDT Sun Oct 11 2026

    Valid 120100Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC AND DESERT SOUTHWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with and isolated tornado threat will be possible this
    evening near the Mid-Atlantic coast. Isolated severe gusts will also
    be possible across parts of the Desert Southwest.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Water vapor imagery currently shows a mid-level shortwave trough
    over the southern Appalachians. The eastern periphery of the system
    is located from the Mid-Atlantic extending offshore into the western
    Atlantic. At the surface, an axis of low-level moisture is located
    from far eastern North Carolina into southeast Virginia, along which
    the RAP has MLCAPE in the 500 to 1000 J/kg range. Isolated
    thunderstorm development will continue to be possible near the
    instability axis this evening. Strong low-level shear associated
    with a speed max along the Mid-Atlantic coast will continue an
    isolated tornado threat for a few more hours the evening.

    ...Desert Southwest...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow is in place over the Desert Southwest
    this evening. At the surface, a moist axis is located across western
    Arizona, where dewpoints are in the 50s and 60s F. Along and near
    the moist axis, the RAP shows weak instability in place with SBCAPE
    around 500 J/kg. Over the top of this airmass, strong flow is
    present in the mid-levels according to RAP forecast soundings, which
    is creating 0-6 km shear around 50 knots over much western and
    central Arizona into southern Utah. This may be enough for an
    isolated potential for severe wind gusts this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 10/12/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 12 05:38:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 120537
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120535

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 AM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe weather is forecast across the U.S. today and tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, an anticyclonic flow pattern will remain over the
    eastern two-thirds of the nation today, as a trough moves through
    the western states. At the surface, a large area of high pressure
    will be located from the Gulf Coast into the central Appalachians. A
    cold front will move southeastward through the north-central U.S.,
    as a surface low moves into the upper Mississippi Valley.
    Thunderstorm development will be possible today near and ahead of
    the surface low across the Great Lakes, and further west within the post-frontal airmass in the northern Plains. Scattered storms will
    also form within southwest flow aloft, from parts of the
    Intermountain West into the central Rockies. Storms will also be
    possible in the southern High Plains, across parts of the Texas
    Coastal Plain and in south Florida. No severe threat is forecast
    across the continental U.S. today and tonight.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/12/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 12 12:48:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 121248
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121246

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 AM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026

    Valid 121300Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe weather is forecast across the U.S. today and tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Early-morning satellite imagery shows a deep upper trough covering
    much of the CONUS west of the Rockies. Several shortwave troughs are
    embedded within this troughing, including one moving out of the
    central High Plains towards NE and SD, one progressing through the
    base of the trough towards southern CA, and one moving through
    southern NV toward UT. Extensive upper ridging is in place
    downstream across much of the central CONUS with another shortwave
    trough moving off the East Coast.

    Recent surface analysis reveals expansive ridging centered over AL
    that extends through the OH Valley. This ridging is flanked by a
    pair of surface lows, one just off the Delmarva Peninsula and the
    other over central NE. The central NE low sits along a wavy frontal
    zone that extends northeastward through another low in southeast MN
    through western Upper MI and northwest Ontario.

    Strong low-level moisture advection is anticipated from the Mid
    MO/MS Valley into the Upper Midwest as the NE/SD shortwave trough,
    and attending NE surface low, progress northeastward today. Warm
    mid-level temperatures will prevent convection within the warm
    sector, but elevated showers and thunderstorms are possible north of
    the surface low, beginning across the eastern Dakotas during the
    afternoon and continuing eastward across the Upper Midwest and into
    the Upper Great Lakes. Small hail is possible with the strongest
    storms.

    Moist and moderately strong southwesterly flow aloft will persist
    throughout eastern periphery the western CONUS troughing, aiding in
    the development of isolated to scattered thunderstorms as the
    southern NV shortwave trough continues northeastward today. Weak
    buoyancy should temper overall storm strength, although a strong
    gusts or two is possible with the deepest storms.

    Low-level confluence could support afternoon thunderstorms within
    the moist return flow from the TX coast into central TX. Weak shear
    should moderate storm severity. Isolated afternoon and evening
    thunderstorms are possible along the weak lee troughing across the
    southern High Plains as well. Limited buoyancy should temper updraft
    strength and persistence.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/12/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 12 16:27:34 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 121627
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121625

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026

    Valid 121630Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe weather is not forecast across the contiguous
    United States through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a large-scale trough
    over the West. A lead shortwave disturbance over the Dakotas will
    move east into the Upper Great Lakes by late tonight. Strengthening
    low-level warm-air advection immediately ahead of a surface low will
    favor scattered thunderstorms developing this evening over parts of
    the Upper Great Lakes and moving into northern MI overnight.
    Although cloud-bearing shear will be strong, limited elevated
    buoyancy will likely limit updraft strength and a corresponding
    small hail risk with the strongest storms.

    Moist and moderately strong southwesterly flow aloft will persist
    throughout the eastern periphery of the western CONUS troughing,
    aiding in the development of isolated to scattered thunderstorms.
    Weak buoyancy should temper overall storm strength, although a
    strong gust or two is possible.

    ..Smith/Guyer.. 10/12/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 12 19:50:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 121949
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121948

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0248 PM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026

    Valid 122000Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe weather is not forecast across the contiguous
    United States through tonight.

    ...20Z Update...
    The forecast remains on track, and no changes were needed with this
    update. In central KS, a couple of strong storms capable of
    producing strong wind gusts and small hail will be possible
    along/immediately ahead of a cold front early tonight, given an
    elongated hodograph (around 40 kt of effective shear) and weak
    buoyancy. However, the expected late timing of convective initiation
    and dry air/subsidence aloft should tend to limit updraft strength
    and the severe risk.

    ..Weinman.. 10/12/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1125 AM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a large-scale trough
    over the West. A lead shortwave disturbance over the Dakotas will
    move east into the Upper Great Lakes by late tonight. Strengthening
    low-level warm-air advection immediately ahead of a surface low will
    favor scattered thunderstorms developing this evening over parts of
    the Upper Great Lakes and moving into northern MI overnight.
    Although cloud-bearing shear will be strong, limited elevated
    buoyancy will likely limit updraft strength and a corresponding
    small hail risk with the strongest storms.

    Moist and moderately strong southwesterly flow aloft will persist
    throughout the eastern periphery of the western CONUS troughing,
    aiding in the development of isolated to scattered thunderstorms.
    Weak buoyancy should temper overall storm strength, although a
    strong gust or two is possible.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 13 00:46:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 130046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130044

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 PM CDT Mon Oct 12 2026

    Valid 130100Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe weather is not expected tonight.

    ...Central KS...
    A few strong storms cannot be ruled out across parts of central KS
    this evening, as a cold front moves into the region. While
    deep-layer flow/shear is generally favorable for organized
    convection, buoyancy is rather weak, with MUCAPE of around 500 J/kg.
    Given the expected near/after dusk timing of storm development,
    convection will likely remain slightly elevated. Meanwhile, a
    relatively low tropopause will limit the depth of convection, which
    well tend to limit potential for storms to reach severe intensity.
    However, small hail may occur with the strongest storms, and locally
    gusty winds will be possible due to the remnant well-mixed boundary
    layer immediately above the increasing nocturnal near-surface
    stability.

    ...Elsewhere...
    Elevated convection is expected to increase across the lower Great
    Lakes later tonight, where isolated small to near-severe hail could
    occur. Weak elevated convection with occasional lightning flashes
    will be possible from the Southwest/Great Basin into parts of the
    Dakotas, and also across parts of eastern NM and west TX.

    ..Dean.. 10/13/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 13 05:25:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 130524
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 130522

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 AM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    KS/NORTHWEST MO INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail, damaging
    winds, and possibly a tornado are expected over portions of the
    central and southern Plains into the Lower Missouri Valley this
    afternoon into tonight. More isolated severe weather may occur from
    southwest Texas into the mid Mississippi Valley, and in parts of New
    York.

    ...Central/southern Plains into the Midwest...
    A deep mid/upper-level low is forecast to move slowly
    east-southeastward across the Great Basin and Desert Southwest
    through the period. Downstream of this low and attendant trough, a
    lee surface cyclone is forecast to meander across the south-central
    High Plains. A weak surface trough will extend southwest of the lee
    cyclone across the southern High Plains, while a nearly stationary
    front extends east-northeast across KS into northern MO through late
    afternoon.

    Despite generally modest midlevel lapse rates, seasonably strong
    heating and rich low-level moisture will support moderate to locally
    strong buoyancy (MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg) this afternoon,
    along/east of the surface trough across the southern Plains and
    along/south of the front across KS/MO. Scattered storm development
    is expected near KS/MO front by late afternoon, with at least
    isolated storms possible farther south into the southern High
    Plains.

    Moderate deep-layer shear downstream of the deep mid/upper-level
    low/trough will support organized storms, with initial supercell
    development possible. Strong to severe gusts and large hail are
    expected to be the primary hazards, though some increase in
    low-level shear/SRH by early evening could result in a tornado or
    two near the front and surface trough. Modest upscale growth will be
    possible later tonight across parts of KS/MO and western/southern
    IL, though longevity of the severe threat is uncertain due to
    increasing nocturnal stabilization with time.

    ...Parts of western/central NY...
    A low-amplitude midlevel shortwave trough will move quickly from the
    Great Lakes towards the Northeast later today. A surface low will
    move from northern MI into Ontario. Early-day clouds/precipitation
    will help to reinforce a nearly stationary front extending southeast
    of the low into parts of western/central NY. Relatively rich
    low-level moisture (with 60s F dewpoints) will be in place along and
    southwest of this front by afternoon, though modest heating and
    lapse rates will tend to limit destabilization.

    Increasing deep-layer flow and some low-level hodograph curvature
    will provide a favorable wind profile for organized convection,
    though potential for warm-sector development remains uncertain, due
    to the modest instability. Some threat for localized wind damage and
    possibly a brief tornado could accompany any sustained surface-based
    storms, though confidence in the magnitude and coverage of the
    threat remains low at this time.

    ..Dean/Chalmers.. 10/13/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 13 12:54:52 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131254
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131252

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 AM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026

    Valid 131300Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    NORTHWEST MISSOURI/KANSAS INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail, damaging
    winds, and possibly a tornado are expected over portions of the
    central and southern Plains into the Lower Missouri Valley this
    afternoon into tonight. More isolated severe weather may occur from
    southwest Texas into the mid Mississippi Valley, and in parts of New
    York.

    ...Southern High Plains through the south-central Plains into the
    Midwest...
    Early morning satellite imagery shows a belt of moderate to strong southwesterly flow aloft from the Southwest across the central
    Plains, situated between a slow-moving upper low over the western
    Great Basin and expansive upper ridging centered over the upper
    TX/western LA coast. Based on recent mesoanalysis, the strongest
    portion of this southwesterly flow currently extends from the
    southern AZ/NM border into south-central CO, colocated with a
    low-amplitude shortwave trough. Recent surface analysis places a
    pair of lows just downstream of this stronger flow aloft, one over
    southeast CO and the other over central KS. A cold front connects
    these two lows and continues northeastward from the central KS low
    to another low over northern Lake Michigan. Airmass south of this
    low is very moist, with upper 60s reaching into south-central KS and
    low 70s dewpoints reaching up through central OK.

    Expectation is for the embedded shortwave trough to progress quickly northeastward today, reaching the central High Plains by late this
    afternoon before continuing northeastward through the central Plains
    this evening. As it does, the frontal zone across KS will sharpen
    and initially southwesterly surface winds will back, becoming more
    southerly (perhaps even slightly southeasterly) by the late
    afternoon. Strong heating is anticipated along and south of the
    front as well, with afternoon temperatures in the low 90s. Any
    boundary-layer mixing will be offset by continued low-level moisture
    advection, with afternoon dewpoints likely remaining in the mid to
    upper 60s along the front in KS and east of the dryline in the
    eastern TX Panhandle. These conditions are expected to result in
    airmass destabilization around 21Z. Lapse rates will be not be
    overly steep, but warm and moist low-levels will still result in
    moderate to strong buoyancy.

    Increasing convergence along the front and dryline within this
    destabilized and buoyant airmass is forecast to result in convective initiation. The strongest mid-level flow will be displaced north and
    west of the frontal zone, but mid-level flow along and south of the
    front should still be strong enough to support moderate deep-layer
    vertical shear and the potential for an initially supercellular
    storm mode. Strong to severe gusts and large hail are expected to be
    the primary hazards. A few gusts from 65 to 75 mph are possible.
    Tornado potential will remain low, but ample low-level moisture
    coupled with an increase in low-level shear/SRH by early evening
    could result in a tornado or two near the front. Modest upscale
    growth will be possible later tonight across parts of KS/MO and western/southern IL. However, the severe threat should become more
    isolated with time given increasing nocturnal stabilization and
    widespread storm interactions.

    ...Parts of western/central NY...
    A low-amplitude midlevel shortwave trough will continue to move
    quickly eastward through eastern Ontario through the Northeast
    today. An attendant surface low will eastward just ahead of the
    parent shortwave. Increasing low-level moisture and afternoon
    temperatures in the upper 70s will promote modest buoyancy, although clouds/precipitation and relatively warm low to mid-level
    temperatures result in some uncertainty regarding airmass
    destabilization.

    Increasing deep-layer westerly flow (particularly around 850 mb)
    amid low-level southwesterlies will result in notably curved
    low-level hodographs. As a result, any sustained surface-based
    storms could organize, supporting a threat for localized wind damage
    and possibly a brief tornado. Modest buoyancy is expected to
    limit the overall magnitude and coverage of the severe potential.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/13/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 13 16:31:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026

    Valid 131630Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    NORTHWEST MISSOURI/KANSAS INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail, severe gusts,
    and possibly a tornado are expected over portions of the central and
    southern Plains into the Lower Missouri Valley this afternoon into
    tonight. More isolated severe weather may occur from southwest
    Texas into the mid Mississippi Valley, and in parts of New York.

    ...Southern High Plains into KS and the mid MS Valley...
    Regional 12 UTC raob data over the southern Great Plains showed a
    very moist boundary layer (15-17 g/kg lowest 100-mb mean mixing
    ratios at Norman and Lamont, OK and Midland and Fort Worth, TX)
    streaming northward. Late morning surface mesoanalysis places a
    front extending southwestward from a surface low over northern Lower
    MI through the mid MS/lower MO Valleys and into southeast CO. The
    frontal zone is forecast to gradually shift south, primarily after
    dark.

    Ample heating via clear skies through mid afternoon will contribute
    to moderate buoyancy (2000-2500 J/kg MLCAPE) developing along and
    south of the aforementioned front, westward to a triple point, and
    southward into west TX east of a dryline. The erosion of convective
    inhibition will likely lead to initial widely scattered storm
    development over central KS per recent CAM data by mid-late
    afternoon. Strong mid to high-level flow will support supercells
    early in the convective life cycle with some of the stronger
    thunderstorms. Storm coverage is forecast to increase through the
    early evening from northwest OK and KS into the lower MO Valley.

    Will maintain previous categorical risk with minimal change.
    However, have enlarged the level-1 wind intensity and introduced a
    level-1 hail intensity to account for organized storm modes and a
    risk for hail 1.5 to 2.5 inches in diameter from the eastern TX
    Panhandle into central KS. The overall tornado risk is uncertain
    and will be limited to a certain extent by modest low-level shear
    despite the supercell mode and a very moist boundary layer. A few
    small clusters will likely evolve during the evening with a mix of supercellular and multicells capable of severe gusts 60-80 mph. The
    severe threat should become more isolated with time given increasing
    nocturnal stabilization and widespread storm interactions.

    ...Parts of western/central NY...
    A low-amplitude midlevel shortwave trough will continue to move
    quickly eastward through eastern Ontario through the Northeast
    today. An attendant surface low will eastward just ahead of the
    parent shortwave. Increasing low-level moisture and afternoon
    temperatures in the upper 70s will promote modest buoyancy, although clouds/precipitation and relatively warm low to mid-level
    temperatures result in some uncertainty regarding airmass
    destabilization.

    Increasing deep-layer westerly flow (particularly around 850 mb)
    amid low-level southwesterlies will result in notably curved
    low-level hodographs. As a result, any sustained surface-based
    storms could organize, supporting a threat for localized wind damage
    and possibly a tornado. Modest buoyancy is expected to
    limit the overall magnitude and coverage of the severe potential.

    ..Smith/Hart.. 10/13/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 13 19:52:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 131952
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 131950

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 PM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026

    Valid 132000Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    NORTHWEST MISSOURI/KANSAS INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms capable of large hail, severe gusts,
    and possibly a tornado are expected over portions of the central and
    southern Plains into the Lower Missouri Valley this afternoon into
    tonight. More isolated severe weather may occur from southwest
    Texas into the mid Mississippi Valley, and in parts of New York.

    ...20z Update...
    A minor expansion was made to the Level 1/Marginal Risk area across
    portions of far northeast Oklahoma, far southeast Kansas, and
    southwest Missouri. The latest guidance indicates potential for a
    few damaging wind gusts to occur if storms can remain organized late
    into the overnight and propagate into this region. The low-level jet
    is forecast to develop this evening across much of Oklahoma and
    remain present through the overnight, offering support to sustain
    convection.

    Otherwise, the balance of the previous forecast remains on track.
    See the discussion below for more details.

    ..Karstens/Guyer.. 10/13/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026/

    ...Southern High Plains into KS and the mid MS Valley...
    Regional 12 UTC raob data over the southern Great Plains showed a
    very moist boundary layer (15-17 g/kg lowest 100-mb mean mixing
    ratios at Norman and Lamont, OK and Midland and Fort Worth, TX)
    streaming northward. Late morning surface mesoanalysis places a
    front extending southwestward from a surface low over northern Lower
    MI through the mid MS/lower MO Valleys and into southeast CO. The
    frontal zone is forecast to gradually shift south, primarily after
    dark.

    Ample heating via clear skies through mid afternoon will contribute
    to moderate buoyancy (2000-2500 J/kg MLCAPE) developing along and
    south of the aforementioned front, westward to a triple point, and
    southward into west TX east of a dryline. The erosion of convective
    inhibition will likely lead to initial widely scattered storm
    development over central KS per recent CAM data by mid-late
    afternoon. Strong mid to high-level flow will support supercells
    early in the convective life cycle with some of the stronger
    thunderstorms. Storm coverage is forecast to increase through the
    early evening from northwest OK and KS into the lower MO Valley.

    Will maintain previous categorical risk with minimal change.
    However, have enlarged the level-1 wind intensity and introduced a
    level-1 hail intensity to account for organized storm modes and a
    risk for hail 1.5 to 2.5 inches in diameter from the eastern TX
    Panhandle into central KS. The overall tornado risk is uncertain
    and will be limited to a certain extent by modest low-level shear
    despite the supercell mode and a very moist boundary layer. A few
    small clusters will likely evolve during the evening with a mix of supercellular and multicells capable of severe gusts 60-80 mph. The
    severe threat should become more isolated with time given increasing
    nocturnal stabilization and widespread storm interactions.

    ...Parts of western/central NY...
    A low-amplitude midlevel shortwave trough will continue to move
    quickly eastward through eastern Ontario through the Northeast
    today. An attendant surface low will eastward just ahead of the
    parent shortwave. Increasing low-level moisture and afternoon
    temperatures in the upper 70s will promote modest buoyancy, although clouds/precipitation and relatively warm low to mid-level
    temperatures result in some uncertainty regarding airmass
    destabilization.

    Increasing deep-layer westerly flow (particularly around 850 mb)
    amid low-level southwesterlies will result in notably curved
    low-level hodographs. As a result, any sustained surface-based
    storms could organize, supporting a threat for localized wind damage
    and possibly a tornado. Modest buoyancy is expected to
    limit the overall magnitude and coverage of the severe potential.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 14 01:02:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 140102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Tue Oct 13 2026

    Valid 140100Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and severe gusts are
    expected this evening into tonight over parts of the central and
    southern Plains into the Lower Missouri Valley. Isolated large hail
    may also occur in the southern Great Lakes.

    ...Southern and Central Plains...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows an anticyclonic flow pattern in
    place over the eastern two-thirds of the nation, with southwesterly
    mid-level flow from the Desert Southwest into the southern and
    central Plains. At the surface, a cold front is located from near
    the Oklahoma Panhandle northeastward into north-central Missouri. A
    1007 mb low is analyzed over the northeastern Texas Panhandle.
    Low-convergence is maximized along the front over the central
    Plains, where scattered thunderstorms are ongoing. The convergence
    axis extends southward into the Low Rolling Plains of northwest
    Texas, where a cluster of storms is also ongoing. Ahead of the
    convergence axis, surface dewpoints are in upper 60s and lower 70s F
    over much of the southern and central Plains, which is contributing
    to moderate instability, with the RAP estimating MLCAPE mostly in
    the 2000 to 2500 J/kg range.

    In addition to the instability,the WSR-88D VWP at Wichita, KS has
    0-6 km shear near 35 knots with 40 to 45 knots of southwesterly flow
    in the mid-levels. Some directional shear is present in the boundary
    layer. This environment will support a threat for supercells with
    cells that remain discrete. Supercells will be capable of large
    hail, severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado or two. Severe wind
    gusts are expected to become the primary severe threat as the
    primary mode becomes linear, later this evening.

    Further south into western Oklahoma and northwest Texas, the latest
    WSR-88D VWP at Frederick has about 35 knots of 0-6 km shear. The RAP
    also has steep mid-level lapse rates in the 7 to 7.5 C/km range.
    This should support supercells with a potential for large hail and
    severe wind gusts.

    ...Southern Great Lakes...
    A minor shortwave trough appears to be moving into the western Great
    Lakes early this evening. Ahead of this feature, thunderstorms have
    developed over far southern Wisconsin. The storms will track
    east-southeastward into the southern Great Lakes this evening into
    the overnight. The RAP currently shows an axis of instability
    analyzed from western Illinois northeastward into the southwestern
    Great Lakes. Along and near this axis, RAP forecast soundings late
    this evening have MUCAPE around 1500 J/kg with effective shear near
    40 knots. This may be enough for an isolated large hail threat, with
    the stronger elevated storms.

    ..Broyles.. 10/14/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 14 05:52:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 140552
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 140550

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and potentially a tornado
    threat will be possible this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the southern Plains. A marginal wind-damage threat will also be
    possible from parts of the Ozarks into the central Appalachians.

    ...Southern Plains...
    At mid-levels, southwesterly flow will be in place across much of
    the south-central U.S. today, as a large-scale trough and low move
    through the Desert Southwest. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance southward this morning across northern Oklahoma and the
    Texas Panhandle. Numerous thunderstorms will be likely this morning
    near the front. The effective boundary is expected to be further
    south, which will shift the effective destabilization further south
    as well. By early afternoon, an axis of moderate instability is
    forecast to be located from west Texas northeastward into
    southwestern and south-central Oklahoma, where MLCAPE will likely
    range from 1500 to 2000 J/kg. Areas that destabilize significantly
    will have potential for severe storms.

    RAP forecast soundings near the instability axis by mid to late
    afternoon have supercell wind profiles, with gradually veering winds
    with height in the low-levels and about 50 knots of southwesterly
    flow in the mid-levels. This will support supercell development with
    storms that form in the stronger instability and remain discrete.
    Supercells will be capable of severe wind gusts, hail and perhaps a
    tornado or two. During the evening, a transition to linear mode is
    expected, but a threat for embedded supercells will continue. The
    more intense line segments could produce severe wind gusts,
    potentially above 70 mph.

    ...Ozarks/Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians...
    An anticyclonic flow pattern will be in place over the eastern half
    of the nation today. At the surface, a cold front will advance
    southward into the Ozarks and Ohio Valley today. To the south of the
    boundary, surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to lower 70s F will
    likely result in pockets of moderate instability by afternoon. In
    spite of limited large-scale ascent, increasing low-level
    convergence near the boundary will result in scattered convective
    initiation. Deep-layer shear near the front may be strong enough for
    a few isolated severe storms in areas that destabilize the most. The
    primary threat will be damaging wind gusts.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/14/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 14 12:41:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141241
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141239

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0739 AM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026

    Valid 141300Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PART OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and potentially a tornado
    threat will be possible this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the southern Plains. A marginal wind-damage threat will also be
    possible from parts of the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic .

    ...Southern Plains/Southern High Plains...
    Early morning surface observations and regional radar imagery show a
    wavy outflow boundary from southern IL across southeast MO, northern
    AR, and eastern/central/southwest OK into the TX South Plains.
    Showers and thunderstorms are ongoing north of this outflow, but
    predominantly south of the primary cold front that extends from the
    northern TX Panhandle east-northeastward across northwest and
    north-central OK and then northeastward through southeast KS,
    central MO, and northern IL. Southerly low to mid-level flow is
    expected to persist throughout the day, and the associated warm-air
    advection across the outflow boundary will likely result in showers
    and thunderstorms continuing from the TX Panhandle eastward across
    western and central OK for most of the day. Southward progression on
    the outflow will slow this morning, with the boundary eventually
    returning northward as a warm front later this evening. The cold
    front is forecast to remain stationary for much of the period.

    When and where the outflow boundary ends its forward progression is
    uncertain, which introduces uncertainty regarding where the best
    severe potential will exist today. The portion of the outflow
    boundary across the southern High Plains appears to already have
    lost much of its character, so there is relatively higher confidence
    in the location of the severe potential across that region.
    Expectation here is for daytime heating to destabilize the airmass
    east of the stalled outflow where temperatures could reach the mid
    80s amid mid to upper 60s dewpoints. Moderate buoyancy and effective
    shear from 40 to 50 kt will support initial supercell structures
    capable of large hail and damaging gusts. Upscale growth into one or
    more linear bowing segments is possible with time. Primary threat
    will transition to damaging wind gusts as this occurs.

    A more complex and uncertain scenario exists farther north from
    northwest TX into east-central/southeast OK. Isolated strong to
    severe storms are possible along and south of the outflow boundary.
    The strongest buoyancy is expected across south-central/southeast OK
    where mid 70s dewpoints will remain in place. As previously
    mentioned, the outflow is expected to retreat back northward as an
    effective warm front later this afternoon and evening. Additional
    strong to severe storms are possible as this occurs as well as later
    this evening as eastward-progressing linear clusters move into this
    moist and unstable airmass. A strengthening low-level jet will
    support a low-probability tornado risk with any more cellular warm
    sector development this evening, particularly across southwest into south-central OK where vertically veering profiles are anticipated.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Ongoing showers and thunderstorms across southeast MO and southern
    IL are forecast to continue eastward today. Daytime heating combined
    with boundary-layer dewpoints in the mid 60s to low 70s is expected
    to contribute to pockets of moderate instability with MLCAPE
    approaching 1000-1250 J/kg by mid-late afternoon. The ongoing storms
    may intensify, with an increase in coverage possible as well.
    Steepening low-level lapse rates coupled with strengthening
    west-southwesterly winds with height (yielding up to 35-40 kt of
    deep-layer shear) appear supportive of isolated severe storms
    capable of damaging wind gusts into evening.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 14 18:15:32 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026

    Valid 141630Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and some tornado threat are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the southern
    Plains. A marginal wind-damage risk is possible across parts of the
    Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southern Plains/Southern High Plains...
    Extensive showers and thunderstorms continue at midday across the
    majority of Oklahoma to the Ozarks, and on a more scattered basis
    across west/northwest Texas. This is within a very moist air mass
    (with prevalent 2+ inch Precipitable Water values except the High
    Plains) to the south of a synoptic front, with convective outflows
    continuing to effectively augment the front including recent/fresh
    outflows across southern Oklahoma/western north Texas.

    An upper-level trough centered near the Four Corners areas will
    overspread the central Rockies, with height falls and strengthening
    winds aloft overspreading the central Plains and southern High
    Plains. This will probably aid in some air mass recovery and modification/northward flux of the outflow-related effective
    boundary, with prevalent insolation at midday across the Texas Low
    Rolling Plains and far southern Oklahoma to portions of central
    Arkansas (and points south).

    Thunderstorm redevelopment/intensification is expected along the
    effective boundary, particularly across southwest Oklahoma and the
    Texas Low Rolling Plains and Texas South Plains. Moderately strong
    flow aloft (40-50 kt effective shear) will support some initial
    supercells capable of large hail and damaging wind gusts. Low-level
    winds will generally relax today, but should again strengthen
    toward/after sunset. Some tornado threat will exist, but upscale
    quasi-linear growth and bowing segments will likely be more
    prevalent this evening, with damaging gusts becoming the primary
    risk.

    ...Ohio Valley and the Mid-Atlantic States...
    A semi-organized band of thunderstorms exists at midday near the
    Ohio River along the Indiana/Ohio border vicinity. Relatively
    cloud-free skies exist ahead of these storms through much of
    Kentucky/southern Ohio toward the Appalachians. Heating combined
    with boundary-layer dewpoints in the mid 60s to low 70s is expected
    to contribute to pockets of instability with MLCAPE approaching
    1000-1250 J/kg by mid/late afternoon. As storms intensify
    regionally, steepening low-level lapse rates coupled with
    strengthening west-southwesterly winds with height (yielding up to
    35-40 kt of deep-layer shear) appear supportive of isolated severe
    storms capable of damaging wind gusts through early evening.

    ..Guyer/Jirak.. 10/14/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 14 19:54:04 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 141953
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 141951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026

    Valid 142000Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and some tornado threat are
    possible this afternoon and evening across parts of the southern
    Plains. A marginal wind-damage risk is possible across parts of the
    Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...20z Update...
    Scattered storms, including a few supercells, have developed across
    parts of northwest Texas along an east-west oriented outflow
    boundary. These storms are expected to increase in
    coverage/intensity over the next few hours, spreading into the
    Slight Risk area of southwest Oklahoma. See MCD #2373 for additional
    details.

    Additional storm development is now commencing farther south across
    West Texas, where clear skies have allowed several hours of
    destabilization to occur, yielding 2000 J/kg of MLCAPE. Effective
    shear of 40-45 kt will promote storm organization, with
    supercellular modes initially that should transition to linear modes
    with time. Damaging wind gusts are expected with this activity as it
    spreads northeast into northwest Texas and southwest/central
    Oklahoma through the overnight. Forecast soundings indicate
    potential for a few QLCS tornadoes if sufficient destabilization
    north of the aforementioned outflow boundary can occur and be
    maintained.

    Elsewhere, a few damaging wind gusts remain possible with the
    ongoing convection moving across parts of northern Kentucky and
    southern Ohio. See MCD #2374 for additional details. Probabilities
    have been reduced in the wake of this activity.

    ..Karstens/Bentley.. 10/14/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026/

    ...Southern Plains/Southern High Plains...
    Extensive showers and thunderstorms continue at midday across the
    majority of Oklahoma to the Ozarks, and on a more scattered basis
    across west/northwest Texas. This is within a very moist air mass
    (with prevalent 2+ inch Precipitable Water values except the High
    Plains) to the south of a synoptic front, with convective outflows
    continuing to effectively augment the front including recent/fresh
    outflows across southern Oklahoma/western north Texas.

    An upper-level trough centered near the Four Corners areas will
    overspread the central Rockies, with height falls and strengthening
    winds aloft overspreading the central Plains and southern High
    Plains. This will probably aid in some air mass recovery and modification/northward flux of the outflow-related effective
    boundary, with prevalent insolation at midday across the Texas Low
    Rolling Plains and far southern Oklahoma to portions of central
    Arkansas (and points south).

    Thunderstorm redevelopment/intensification is expected along the
    effective boundary, particularly across southwest Oklahoma and the
    Texas Low Rolling Plains and Texas South Plains. Moderately strong
    flow aloft (40-50 kt effective shear) will support some initial
    supercells capable of large hail and damaging wind gusts. Low-level
    winds will generally relax today, but should again strengthen
    toward/after sunset. Some tornado threat will exist, but upscale
    quasi-linear growth and bowing segments will likely be more
    prevalent this evening, with damaging gusts becoming the primary
    risk.

    ...Ohio Valley and the Mid-Atlantic States...
    A semi-organized band of thunderstorms exists at midday near the
    Ohio River along the Indiana/Ohio border vicinity. Relatively
    cloud-free skies exist ahead of these storms through much of
    Kentucky/southern Ohio toward the Appalachians. Heating combined
    with boundary-layer dewpoints in the mid 60s to low 70s is expected
    to contribute to pockets of instability with MLCAPE approaching
    1000-1250 J/kg by mid/late afternoon. As storms intensify
    regionally, steepening low-level lapse rates coupled with
    strengthening west-southwesterly winds with height (yielding up to
    35-40 kt of deep-layer shear) appear supportive of isolated severe
    storms capable of damaging wind gusts through early evening.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 15 00:49:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150049
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150047

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0747 PM CDT Wed Oct 14 2026

    Valid 150100Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts will be possible this evening
    across parts of the southern Plains. A marginal wind-damage threat
    will also be possible in parts of the Ozarks, and from the southern
    Ohio Valley into the northern Tennessee Valley.

    ...Southern Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough, evident on water vapor imagery, is
    currently moving through west Texas within southwesterly flow aloft.
    At the surface, a cold front is located from northwest Texas
    extending east-northeastward into southern Oklahoma and western
    Arkansas. Thunderstorms are ongoing near the front in northwest
    Texas, and this activity will likely continue to move
    east-northeastward along the boundary this evening. Although
    moderate instability is analyzed over parts of north Texas,
    instability is weaker near the boundary, along the potential track
    of the severe line segment approaching Wichita Falls, Texas. In
    spite of this, RAP forecast soundings early this evening have 40 to
    50 knots of southwesterly flow in the mid-levels, which will support
    organized thunderstorm development. Although supercells will be
    possible early this evening, it appears that the predominant mode
    will be linear. The more intense line segments could produce
    damaging wind gusts. The threat may persist into the late evening as
    the line moves through southern and eastern Oklahoma. A marginal
    threat may continue into the overnight period across part of the
    Ozarks.

    ...Ohio and Tennessee Valleys...
    On water vapor imagery, it appears that multiple weak shortwave
    perturbations are moving through a ridge in the mid Mississippi and
    Ohio Valleys. At the surface, a cold front is located from western
    Tennessee extending northeastward into the central Appalachians.
    Scattered thunderstorms are ongoing near the front with the greatest
    convective coverage in southern Kentucky. These storms are located
    near an axis of instability. Along this axis, the RAP has MLCAPE in
    the 1000 to 1200 J/kg range, and surface dewpoints are mostly in the
    70s F. Although deep-layer shear is somewhat limited, the moist and
    unstable environment may be enough for isolated damaging wind gusts
    over the next hour or so.

    ..Broyles.. 10/15/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 15 05:34:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 150534
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 150532

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 AM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MID
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE OHIO VALLEY...AND OVER PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado
    or two are possible today across parts of the mid Mississippi and
    Ohio Valleys. Additional storms with isolated severe wind gusts will
    be possible in parts of the southern Plains.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    At mid-levels, a ridge will move eastward today into the Northeast,
    as a large-scale trough moves into the Great Plains. Ahead of the
    trough, a surface low will track northeastward from the mid
    Mississippi Valley into the southwestern Great Lakes. Ahead of the
    surface low, a warm front will move northward through the Ohio
    Valley. To the south of the warm front, surface dewpoints will be in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s F. This will enable an axis of
    instability to develop by afternoon, with MLCAPE likely peaking
    around 1000 J/kg. Ahead of the trough, a mid-level jet will
    overspread the warm sector during the afternoon. This will create
    moderate deep-layer shear over much of the Ohio Valley, which will
    support isolated supercell development. In addition, RAP forecast
    soundings in the Ohio Valley by mid afternoon have 0-3 km
    storm-relative helicity in the 200 to 250 m2/s2 range suggesting
    that a tornado or two will be possible. Short line segments capable
    of isolated severe wind gusts will also be possible. Poor lapse
    rates will be the main limiting factor for a greater severe threat
    coverage and magnitude.

    ...Southern Plains...
    An upper-level trough will move into the Great Plains today, as
    mid-level flow remains southwesterly ahead of the trough. At the
    surface, a cold front will advance southward across the southern
    Plains, with the front located from west-central Texas into
    southeast Oklahoma by afternoon. Although large-scale ascent will be
    weak, low-level convergence along and near the front will result in thunderstorm development. Storms will move east-southeastward across
    a narrow corridor of instability, where MLCAPE is forecast to peak
    in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range. As low-level lapse rates steepen in
    the afternoon, isolated severe wind gusts will be possible with
    multicells. However, deep-layer shear will be marginal for organized convection, and poor lapse rates will be a major limiting factor.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/15/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 15 12:54:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151253
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151252

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 AM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026

    Valid 151300Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and perhaps a tornado
    or two are possible today across parts of the mid Mississippi and
    Ohio Valleys.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    Shortwave trough currently centered over the central High Plains is
    forecast to progress quickly northeastward, becoming absorbed within
    a deep upper trough progressing out of the Canadian Prairies towards
    the Upper Midwest. This evolution will yield a deep upper trough
    from Ontario through the Upper Midwest and into the Mid MO Valley by
    early tomorrow morning. Intense mid-level flow will accompany this
    trough, with 90 to 100 kt at 500 mb possible within its eastern
    periphery from central IL across Lower MI.

    Surface low associated with the central High Plains shortwave trough
    is currently centered over southeast KS. This low is forecast to
    progress northeastward in tandem with its parent shortwave while
    gradually deepening. Moist low-levels will accompany this low, with
    upper 60s/low 70s dewpoints advecting northward across much of the
    lower/upper OH Valley this afternoon and evening. This increasing
    low-level moisture will support modest buoyancy, and the potential
    for reintensification of ongoing storms and/or new development
    across the warm sector. The best overlap of strong shear (supported
    by strengthening mid-level flow) and buoyancy is expected near (or
    just south of) the warm front, which will likely extend from
    southern IL through far southern OH during the afternoon, and from
    central IL southwestward through central OH by 00Z this evening.

    A very moist airmass (and associated buoyancy) and moderate low to
    mid-level flow will support the potential for bowing segments
    capable of damaging gusts. Long, curved low-level hodographs support
    the potential for a few brief tornadoes as well. A second area of low-probability tornado potential may materialize near the surface
    low as it moves across northern IL. However, widespread clouds and
    limited diurnal heating should temper buoyancy, and the current
    expectation is that the limited buoyancy should keep updraft depth
    too shallow and updraft persistence too short to merit introducing
    any severe probabilities.

    ...West/Central TX...
    An outflow-augmented cold front currently extends from a surface low
    just west of MAF north-northeastward through just east of LBB
    into the eastern TX Panhandle. This boundary is forecast to make
    slow southeastward progress today. A very moist and modestly buoyant
    airmass ahead of this cold front will support continued showers and thunderstorms. However, boundary-parallel deep-layer flow will
    likely trend these storms towards a more anafrontal character.
    Mid-level lapse rates also will remain poor. A water-loaded gust or
    two is possible, but overall severe potential is expected to remain
    limited.

    ..Mosier/Wendt.. 10/15/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 15 16:45:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151644
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151643

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1143 AM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026

    Valid 151630Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and a tornado or two are
    possible today across parts of the middle Mississippi and Ohio
    Valleys.

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    Extreme/record-caliber seasonal moisture content exists over the
    region with warm-sector prevalent 2+ inch Precipitable Water values
    and surface dewpoints in excess of 70F. A surface wave over the
    middle part of Missouri late this morning should gradually/modestly
    deepen as it progresses east-northeastward near a northward-shifting
    warm front, although the front/warm sector are a bit muddled by
    ongoing convection across southern portions of Missouri and
    Illinois.

    Current split flow over the Great Plains will quickly resolve, with
    a central Plains shortwave trough/speed max phasing with a
    broader-scale upper trough over the Upper Midwest through tonight.
    The net result will be a strengthening of deep-layer winds
    along/north of the warm sector that will shift poleward, although to
    what exact degree/spatial extent is uncertain given some of the
    ongoing convection.

    At least some scattering of warm-sector cloud cover, diurnal heating
    and the increasing moisture content with northward extent will allow
    for modest cool season destabilization, with SBCAPE potentially
    exceeding 1000 J/kg across the lower Wabash Valley and
    southern/downstate portions of Illinois and Indiana. This should
    allow for re-development/intensification of storms this afternoon,
    although the exact magnitude of today's severe risk is still a bit
    uncertain and contingent on surface heating/destabilization. But
    this scenario could include a few supercells, with the possibility
    of a semi-focused severe/some tornado risk near the warm front,
    which may be augmented by some of the prior convection, and ahead of
    the surface low. Supercells aside, some semi-organized clusters
    capable of wind damage should evolve within the high-moisture
    content environment and 40+ kt effective shear. Overall storm
    intensity is likely to wane within a couple hours of sunset,
    generally by late evening.

    ...North/West Texas...
    An outflow-augmented cold front will continue to spread
    southeastward. The tendency for post-frontal convection should
    remain the dominant scenario with boundary-parallel deep-layer flow contributing to a more anafrontal character. Gradual diurnal heating
    could support some intensification of storms along the leading edge
    of the composite boundary this afternoon. As such, some stronger
    wind gusts are plausible, but this scenario and related potential
    for organized severe storms is currently expected to remain limited.

    ..Guyer/Marsh.. 10/15/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 15 19:59:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 151958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 151957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026

    Valid 152000Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of severe wind gusts and a tornado or two are
    possible today across parts of the middle Mississippi and Ohio
    Valleys.

    ...20z Update...
    A loosely organized cluster of storms has developed over southeast
    Illinois, positioned on the northern periphery of modest instability
    (MLCAPE near 1000 J/kg) that has developed where skies have remained
    at least partially clear. Although persistent cloud cover has thus
    far limited destabilization of the downstream environment, low-level
    warm/moist air advection combined with some breaks in cloud cover
    may promote further destabilization. Should this occur, ample
    deep-layer shear of 40-45 kts should help to maintain convective
    organization, with a few damaging wind gusts possible. Therefore, a
    Slight Risk has been maintained, but trimmed to areas in/downstream
    of the ongoing convective activity.

    In addition, a minor expansion of the wind/tornado probabilities was
    made, extending into portions of far southern Illinois and far
    southwest Indiana where visible satellite indicates some cumulus
    development amid the aforementioned area of instability. A few
    isolated damaging wind gusts would be possible if isolated cells are
    able to develop in this region.

    Elsewhere, a few damaging wind gusts are possible this
    afternoon/evening across portions of northwest Texas. See MCD #2378
    for additional details.

    ..Karstens.. 10/15/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1155 AM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026/

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    Extreme/record-caliber seasonal moisture content exists over the
    region with warm-sector prevalent 2+ inch Precipitable Water values
    and surface dewpoints in excess of 70F. A surface wave over the
    middle part of Missouri late this morning should gradually/modestly
    deepen as it progresses east-northeastward near a northward-shifting
    warm front, although the front/warm sector are a bit muddled by
    ongoing convection across southern portions of Missouri and
    Illinois.

    Current split flow over the Great Plains will quickly resolve, with
    a central Plains shortwave trough/speed max phasing with a
    broader-scale upper trough over the Upper Midwest through tonight.
    The net result will be a strengthening of deep-layer winds
    along/north of the warm sector that will shift poleward, although to
    what exact degree/spatial extent is uncertain given some of the
    ongoing convection.

    At least some scattering of warm-sector cloud cover, diurnal heating
    and the increasing moisture content with northward extent will allow
    for modest cool season destabilization, with SBCAPE potentially
    exceeding 1000 J/kg across the lower Wabash Valley and
    southern/downstate portions of Illinois and Indiana. This should
    allow for re-development/intensification of storms this afternoon,
    although the exact magnitude of today's severe risk is still a bit
    uncertain and contingent on surface heating/destabilization. But
    this scenario could include a few supercells, with the possibility
    of a semi-focused severe/some tornado risk near the warm front,
    which may be augmented by some of the prior convection, and ahead of
    the surface low. Supercells aside, some semi-organized clusters
    capable of wind damage should evolve within the high-moisture
    content environment and 40+ kt effective shear. Overall storm
    intensity is likely to wane within a couple hours of sunset,
    generally by late evening.

    ...North/West Texas...
    An outflow-augmented cold front will continue to spread
    southeastward. The tendency for post-frontal convection should
    remain the dominant scenario with boundary-parallel deep-layer flow contributing to a more anafrontal character. Gradual diurnal heating
    could support some intensification of storms along the leading edge
    of the composite boundary this afternoon. As such, some stronger
    wind gusts are plausible, but this scenario and related potential
    for organized severe storms is currently expected to remain limited.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 16 00:51:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160051
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160049

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 PM CDT Thu Oct 15 2026

    Valid 160100Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN IN INTO OH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of localized strong/damaging gusts and
    possibly a brief tornado remain possible this evening across parts
    of southern Indiana into Ohio.

    ...Parts of IN/OH...
    A small storm cluster is ongoing this evening across southern IN,
    near the intersection of a surface trough and warm front. As a
    vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough and deepening surface low
    move across the Great Lakes this evening, the warm front will
    continue to move northward. Modest buoyancy within the persistent
    low-level warm-advection regime will allow for maintenance of
    convection through parts of OH into the Lower Great Lakes, though
    surface-based buoyancy will become increasingly scant with time and northeastward extent.

    In the short term, locally damaging wind will be possible with the
    strongest storms. Favorable low-level shear/SRH may also support a brief-tornado threat, though this threat should eventually diminish
    as convection tends to become increasingly elevated. Some threat for
    localized strong/damaging gusts could spread across OH through late
    evening, before increasing low-level stability results in a
    diminishing threat.

    ..Dean.. 10/16/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 16 05:59:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 160558
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 160556

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    MID-ATLANTIC INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with wind-damage and localized brief-tornado potential
    are expected across parts of the Mid-Atlantic into southern New
    England, mainly this afternoon and early evening.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into southern New England...
    A deep, positive-tilt mid/upper-level trough is forecast to further
    amplify as it spreads over the eastern CONUS today. A surface low
    initially near the lower Great Lakes will move quickly eastward
    toward northern New England by evening. A trailing cold front will
    sweep through the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast from this afternoon
    into tonight.

    In the wake of early-day clouds and precipitation, seasonably rich
    low-level moisture and modest diurnal heating will result in
    sufficient destabilization for storm development along the front.
    Very weak lapse rates above 500 mb will constrain MLCAPE magnitudes
    to the 500-1000 J/kg range, and result in rather low-topped
    convection. However, in areas where temperatures can rise to
    near/above 70 F, relatively robust buoyancy near/below 500 mb
    (characterized by lifted indices in the -4 to -6 C range) will
    develop prior to the frontal passage. This buoyancy will be
    sufficient for development of occasionally organized storm
    structures, in the presence of strengthening deep-layer flow/shear.
    35-45 kt of flow in the 1-2 km AGL layer will support potential for strong/damaging gusts with any sufficiently robust convection.

    Generally front-parallel flow may result in a primarily linear mode
    as convective coverage increases, though 40+ kt of effective shear
    will support potential for embedded low-topped supercells. A
    localized wind-damage threat may develop early this afternoon from
    WV/western PA into southern NY, with initial frontal development.
    The wind-damage threat is expected to increase through the afternoon
    as storms spread eastward into a somewhat warmer and more unstable
    environment across eastern PA, NJ, and vicinity. Rather strong
    low-level shear will also support some brief-tornado potential with
    QLCS circulations and/or embedded supercell structures.

    Some wind-damage potential could spread into southern New England by
    this evening, though marine-influenced low-level stability should
    eventually constrain the eastward extent of the threat.

    ..Dean/Chalmers.. 10/16/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 16 12:47:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161243
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161242

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0742 AM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026

    Valid 161300Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds and perhaps a
    tornado or two are expected across parts of the Mid-Atlantic into
    southern New England, mainly this afternoon and early evening.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into Southern New England...
    Recent water vapor satellite imagery shows a prominent and
    positively tilted upper trough extending from eastern Canada into
    the Upper Midwest. This upper trough will advance eastward while
    amplifying over the eastern CONUS through the period, with enhanced west-southwesterly low/mid-level flow expected to overspread much of
    the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. A related surface low over southern
    Ontario will develop east-northeastward today into southern Quebec,
    as a trailing cold front sweeps east-southeastward across the
    eastern states. Low-level moisture is forecast to gradually increase
    ahead of the front through the afternoon, and MLCAPE should
    gradually increase into the 500-1000 J/kg range with filtered
    daytime heating. But, lapse rates through low/mid levels are likely
    to remain quite poor (reference BUF/PIT/IAD 12Z observed soundings).
    This should temper overall updraft strength to some extent, and
    low-topped convection which develops along/near the front may
    produce little lighting, especially with northward extent into
    southern New England.

    Even with the potential thermodynamic limitations, favorable
    deep-layer shear will support some updraft organization. Given the
    strength of the low/mid-level flow, isolated strong/gusty winds may
    occur this morning with ongoing convection along/near the front
    across western PA/NY, even though instability remains very limited.
    Latest short-term guidance continues to suggest that a low-topped
    convective line will further develop across central into eastern PA
    and southern NY by 17-21Z. Convectively augmented wind gusts capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds will likely be the main severe
    risk as this activity spreads quickly eastward across the northern
    Mid-Atlantic and southern New England through early evening. The
    greatest coverage of damaging winds should focus across parts of
    eastern PA into NJ and southern NY, where locally greater
    instability is forecast.

    The potential for line-embedded mesocirculations is less clear.
    While some low-level shear will be present, the enhanced low-level
    flow is forecast to gradually veer to west-southwesterly through the afternoon/evening, which may reduce effective SRH somewhat. Still,
    at least an isolated threat for damaging winds and perhaps a tornado
    should spread towards the coast before convection weakens this
    evening due to marine layer influences and nocturnal cooling.
    Overall, the ongoing forecast aligns reasonably well with recent
    short-term guidance/observational trends, and therefore only minor
    changes have been made to severe probabilities with this update.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/16/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 16 16:31:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026

    Valid 161630Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds and perhaps a
    tornado or two are expected across parts of the Mid-Atlantic into
    southern New England, mainly this afternoon and early evening.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States/southern New England...
    A large-scale positive-tilt upper-level trough will approach the
    region, with a modest buoyancy/high-vertical shear scenario expected
    to be favorable for low-topped/fast-moving storms capable of wind
    damage near/ahead of a cold front. Such severe potential is expected
    to maximize across the Delmarva and eastern Pennsylvania into New
    Jersey and southern New York.

    Stratus remains very prevalent across much of the region late this
    morning, although visible satellite imagery reflects a rather quick
    erosion south to north across southern Virginia, and this same trend
    should continue for east of the Blue Ridge/Appalachians spine
    especially across Virginia into eastern Pennsylvania and perhaps
    nearby parts of New Jersey/Delmarva.

    A related surface low over southern Ontario will develop
    east-northeastward today into southern Quebec, as a trailing cold
    front sweeps east-southeastward across the eastern states. Low-level
    moisture is forecast to gradually increase ahead of the front
    through the afternoon, and MLCAPE should gradually increase into the
    500-1000 J/kg range, particularly where more cloud breaks occur.
    But, lapse rates through low/mid levels are likely to remain quite
    poor (reference BUF/PIT/IAD 12Z observed soundings). This should
    temper overall updraft strength to some extent, and low-topped
    convection which develops along/near the front may produce little
    lightning, especially with northward extent into southern New
    England.

    Even with the potential thermodynamic limitations, favorable
    deep-layer shear will support some updraft organization. Given the
    strength of the low/mid-level flow, isolated strong/gusty winds may
    occur. A low-topped convective line will further develop across
    central into eastern Pennsylvania and southern New York this
    afternoon. Convectively augmented wind gusts capable of producing
    scattered damaging winds will likely be the main severe risk as this
    activity spreads quickly eastward across the northern Mid-Atlantic
    and southern New England through early evening. A few line-embedded mesocirculations could also occur, which could yield a brief
    tornado.

    ..Guyer/Karstens.. 10/16/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 16 19:58:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 161958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 161956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026

    Valid 162000Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds and perhaps a
    tornado or two are expected across parts of the Mid-Atlantic into
    southern New England this afternoon and early evening.

    ...20Z Update...
    Only two changes are made to the outlook for this issuance. The
    first change is to trim the western edge of the slight risk and
    associated wind and tornado probabilities, to account for the
    eastward progression of a cold front. The second change is to trim
    the western edge of the thunder line from much of the Ohio Valley
    and central Appalachians Mountains.

    ..Broyles.. 10/16/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026/

    ...Mid-Atlantic States/southern New England...
    A large-scale positive-tilt upper-level trough will approach the
    region, with a modest buoyancy/high-vertical shear scenario expected
    to be favorable for low-topped/fast-moving storms capable of wind
    damage near/ahead of a cold front. Such severe potential is expected
    to maximize across the Delmarva and eastern Pennsylvania into New
    Jersey and southern New York.

    Stratus remains very prevalent across much of the region late this
    morning, although visible satellite imagery reflects a rather quick
    erosion south to north across southern Virginia, and this same trend
    should continue for east of the Blue Ridge/Appalachians spine
    especially across Virginia into eastern Pennsylvania and perhaps
    nearby parts of New Jersey/Delmarva.

    A related surface low over southern Ontario will develop
    east-northeastward today into southern Quebec, as a trailing cold
    front sweeps east-southeastward across the eastern states. Low-level
    moisture is forecast to gradually increase ahead of the front
    through the afternoon, and MLCAPE should gradually increase into the
    500-1000 J/kg range, particularly where more cloud breaks occur.
    But, lapse rates through low/mid levels are likely to remain quite
    poor (reference BUF/PIT/IAD 12Z observed soundings). This should
    temper overall updraft strength to some extent, and low-topped
    convection which develops along/near the front may produce little
    lightning, especially with northward extent into southern New
    England.

    Even with the potential thermodynamic limitations, favorable
    deep-layer shear will support some updraft organization. Given the
    strength of the low/mid-level flow, isolated strong/gusty winds may
    occur. A low-topped convective line will further develop across
    central into eastern Pennsylvania and southern New York this
    afternoon. Convectively augmented wind gusts capable of producing
    scattered damaging winds will likely be the main severe risk as this
    activity spreads quickly eastward across the northern Mid-Atlantic
    and southern New England through early evening. A few line-embedded mesocirculations could also occur, which could yield a brief
    tornado.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 17 00:52:12 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170051
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170050

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0750 PM CDT Fri Oct 16 2026

    Valid 170100Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low through the remainder of
    tonight.

    ...01Z Update...
    Convection associated with a strong cold front has generally
    weakened or moved offshore of the Mid-Atlantic and southern New
    England this evening. Sporadic thunderstorm activity could persist
    through the remainder of the evening across these areas, though the
    generally post-frontal nature of the remaining convection should
    limit severe potential. Otherwise, ongoing storms across the FL
    Peninsula should generally weaken through the evening, though some
    storm potential may persist overnight across the FL Keys and
    near-coastal areas.

    ..Dean.. 10/17/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 17 05:16:44 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 170516
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 170514

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1214 AM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected today.

    ...Synopsis...
    In the wake of a cold frontal passage, much of the CONUS will be too
    dry and stable for thunderstorm development today. The front will
    continue moving southward along the central/southern FL Peninsula,
    where scattered storm development will be possible within a very
    moist environment. Poor lapse rates and weak deep-layer shear should
    limit organized severe potential, though localized strong gusts may
    occur. Across the Southwest, sporadic lightning flashes may
    accompany weak convection associated with a slow-moving mid/upper
    low centered offshore of Baja California.

    ..Dean/Chalmers.. 10/17/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 17 12:00:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171200
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171158

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0658 AM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026

    Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Highly amplified upper troughing over the eastern CONUS this morning
    will move eastward off the Atlantic Coast today, while a closed
    mid/upper-level low eventually develops over the NC Outer Banks and
    adjacent western Atlantic. An expansive area of surface high
    pressure and related dry and/or stable conditions across much of the central/eastern states will greatly limit thunderstorm potential
    today, with two exceptions. One area will be across parts of the FL
    Peninsula along/south of a cold front, where sufficient instability
    may support isolated to scattered thunderstorms this afternoon in a
    weak deep-layer shear environment. While gusty winds could occur
    with the strongest cores that develop, overall severe potential is
    expected to remain low. A second area of isolated thunderstorm
    potential will exist across parts of southern AZ, on the northeast
    periphery of a weak mid/upper-level low centered over the eastern
    Pacific and Baja Peninsula.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/17/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 17 17:25:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171617
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171614

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1114 AM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026

    Valid 171630Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a positive-tilt upper
    trough over the East and a closed low near the California/Baja
    California border. An extensive area of tranquil conditions
    influenced by surface high pressure will prevail across much of the
    contiguous U.S. Widely scattered diurnal thunderstorms are possible
    across the southern half of the FL Peninsula primarily through
    sunset before much of the convective activity is relegated to the FL
    Straits and offshore waters tonight. Weak thunderstorms are
    possible tonight in association with the upper low over southern AZ.

    ..Smith/Supinie.. 10/17/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 17 19:42:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 171942
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171941

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026

    Valid 172000Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    No substantial changes to the outlook. The thunder area has been
    trimmed southward in central FL to match movement of a cold front.
    To the west, isolated lightning flashes will be possible through
    tonight within the midlevel moisture plume to the east of the weak
    closed low just off the northern Baja coast. The northern extent of
    any lightning threat is a bit uncertain given marginal buoyancy depth/magnitude, but will maintain previous outlook area.

    ..Thompson.. 10/17/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1114 AM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a positive-tilt upper
    trough over the East and a closed low near the California/Baja
    California border. An extensive area of tranquil conditions
    influenced by surface high pressure will prevail across much of the
    contiguous U.S. Widely scattered diurnal thunderstorms are possible
    across the southern half of the FL Peninsula primarily through
    sunset before much of the convective activity is relegated to the FL
    Straits and offshore waters tonight. Weak thunderstorms are
    possible tonight in association with the upper low over southern AZ.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 18 00:56:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180056
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180054

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 PM CDT Sat Oct 17 2026

    Valid 180100Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. through
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At upper-levels, a trough and associated low will move eastward into
    the western Atlantic tonight as a ridge dominates over the central
    U.S. At the surface, dry and cool air associated with a large area
    of high pressure will be in place over much of the nation. Moisture
    and instability will be confined to south Florida, where isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible this evening. Isolated storms may
    also form over parts of southern Arizona this evening. No severe
    threat is expected over the continental U.S. through daybreak on
    Sunday.

    ..Broyles.. 10/18/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 18 05:53:46 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 180553
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180551

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast in the U.S. today or tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level anticyclonic flow pattern, and an associated surface
    high pressure system will be in place today over the central and
    eastern U.S. Dry and cool conditions will be in place over much of
    the nation, and thunderstorms will be unlikely. The exceptions will
    be over south Florida and in the Desert Southwest where scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible from today into tonight. No severe
    threat is expected across the continental U.S. through daybreak on
    Monday.

    ..Broyles/Chalmers.. 10/18/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 18 12:32:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026

    Valid 181300Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Even with east-northeasterly low-level flow persisting to the north
    of a remnant cold front, diurnal heating of a moist airmass will
    support sufficient instability for isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms across parts of south FL and the Keys today.
    Occasional lightning flashes may also occur with convection across
    parts of the Southwest ahead of a low-amplitude mid-level shortwave
    trough. Weak shear across south FL and limited moisture/instability
    over AZ/NM will hinder the potential for severe thunderstorms across
    both regions. Dry and/or stable conditions will preclude
    thunderstorms for the remainder of the CONUS through the period.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/18/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 18 16:16:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181616
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181614

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1114 AM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026

    Valid 181630Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Tranquil conditions will exist across much of the contiguous United
    States through tonight. Extensive surface high pressure influencing
    much of the central and eastern U.S. will favor offshore flow into
    the northern Gulf of America and feature a seasonably dry/stable
    airmass. A few weak thunderstorms are possible over south FL and
    the Keys to the north of a surface front undergoing frontolysis
    across the southern Gulf and FL Straits. Farther west, an upper
    trough migrating northeast across the Four Corners will be
    associated with isolated showers/thunderstorms across parts of the
    Southwest.

    ..Smith/Supinie.. 10/18/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 18 19:43:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 181942
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181940

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 PM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026

    Valid 182000Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through tonight.

    ...20z Updates...

    No changes are necessary for the Day 1 update. See previous
    discussion below.

    ..Leitman.. 10/18/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1114 AM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026/

    ...Synopsis...
    Tranquil conditions will exist across much of the contiguous United
    States through tonight. Extensive surface high pressure influencing
    much of the central and eastern U.S. will favor offshore flow into
    the northern Gulf of America and feature a seasonably dry/stable
    airmass. A few weak thunderstorms are possible over south FL and
    the Keys to the north of a surface front undergoing frontolysis
    across the southern Gulf and FL Straits. Farther west, an upper
    trough migrating northeast across the Four Corners will be
    associated with isolated showers/thunderstorms across parts of the
    Southwest.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 19 00:46:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190046
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190044

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 PM CDT Sun Oct 18 2026

    Valid 190100Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast across the U.S. through
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level ridge will move eastward into the southern
    Appalachians tonight, as southwesterly flow at mid-levels remains in
    place across much of the western and central U.S. At the surface, a
    large area of high pressure will remain entrenched from the Gulf
    Coast states to the Northeast. As a result, dry and cool conditions
    will remain over much of the continental U.S. Isolated thunderstorms
    will be possible over south Florida and in parts of the Desert
    Southwest, but no severe threat is forecast this evening through
    tonight.

    ..Broyles.. 10/19/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 19 05:30:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 190530
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190528

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 AM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast across the U.S. today or
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, a low will be nearly stationary off the Mid-Atlantic
    coast as a ridge remains over the south-central U.S. Southwesterly
    flow aloft will be in place over the western third of the nation. At
    the surface, a large area of high pressure associated with cool and
    dry air will be entrenched across much of the eastern half of the
    U.S. On the southern periphery of the high pressure system, isolated thunderstorms will be possible within a moist airmass across south
    Florida. Additional storms will be possible in parts of the Desert
    Southwest. No severe threat is forecast today or tonight across the
    continental U.S.

    ..Broyles/Karstens.. 10/19/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 19 12:02:04 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191201
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191200

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0700 AM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026

    Valid 191300Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST ARIZONA AND SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may produce isolated marginally severe hail and gusty
    winds this afternoon and early evening across parts of southeast
    Arizona and southwest New Mexico.

    ...Southeast Arizona/Southwest New Mexico...
    Surface observations indicate that low-level moisture has slowly
    increased early this morning across southeast AZ, with dewpoints
    generally ranging in the mid to upper 50s at lower elevations. A
    35-45 kt southwesterly mid-level jet associated with a weak
    shortwave trough will persist across the Southwest today. Modest
    large-scale ascent attendant to this feature coupled with
    terrain-driven influences should aid thunderstorm initiation across
    southeast AZ by 17-21Z as convective temperatures are reached with
    filtered diurnal heating.

    Recent RAP runs suggest that the boundary layer will not become
    overly well mixed across this region through the afternoon, which
    should allow for around 500-1000 J/kg of MLCAPE (locally stronger)
    to develop. This instability coupled with cool mid-level
    temperatures and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear appear sufficient for
    some updraft organization with the scattered to numerous
    thunderstorms that form. Isolated, marginally severe hail and gusty
    outflow winds may occur with the stronger cells that spread
    east-northeastward across southeast AZ into southwest NM through the
    afternoon and early evening. This activity is expected to quickly
    weaken by mid evening with the loss of daytime heating.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/19/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 19 16:40:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026

    Valid 191630Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST ARIZONA/SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may produce isolated marginally severe hail and gusty
    winds this afternoon and early evening across parts of southeast
    Arizona and southwest New Mexico.

    ...Southeast Arizona/southwest New Mexico...
    Generally cloud-free skies are noted late this morning as heating
    has steadily occurred in the presence of a relatively moist airmass
    with prevalent 50s F surface dewpoints in lower elevations.
    Satellite imagery/derived-winds continue to portray a 35-45 kt
    southwesterly mid-level jet associated with a weak shortwave trough
    will continue northeastward today. Modest large-scale ascent related
    to this feature coupled with terrain-driven influences should aid
    thunderstorm initiation across southeast Arizona this afternoon as
    convective temperatures are reached.

    The boundary layer will not become overly well mixed across this
    region through the afternoon, which should allow for around 500-1000
    J/kg of MLCAPE to develop. This instability coupled with cool
    mid-level temperatures and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear appear
    sufficient for some updraft organization with the scattered to
    numerous thunderstorms that form. Isolated, marginally severe hail
    and gusty outflow winds may occur with the stronger cells that
    develop and spread east-northeastward across southeast Arizona into
    southwest New Mexico through the afternoon and early evening. This
    activity is expected to quickly weaken by mid-evening with the loss
    of daytime heating.

    ..Guyer/Mosier.. 10/19/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 19 20:00:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 191959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191958

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 PM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026

    Valid 192000Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST ARIZONA/SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may produce isolated marginally severe hail and gusty
    winds this afternoon and early evening across parts of southeast
    Arizona and southwest New Mexico.

    ...20z Update...
    No Outlook changes are warranted, with incipient thunderstorm
    development now occurring across southeast Arizona as of 20z. For
    additional short-term forecast details, see Mesoscale Discussion
    2383.

    ..Guyer.. 10/19/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026/

    ...Southeast Arizona/southwest New Mexico...
    Generally cloud-free skies are noted late this morning as heating
    has steadily occurred in the presence of a relatively moist airmass
    with prevalent 50s F surface dewpoints in lower elevations.
    Satellite imagery/derived-winds continue to portray a 35-45 kt
    southwesterly mid-level jet associated with a weak shortwave trough
    will continue northeastward today. Modest large-scale ascent related
    to this feature coupled with terrain-driven influences should aid
    thunderstorm initiation across southeast Arizona this afternoon as
    convective temperatures are reached.

    The boundary layer will not become overly well mixed across this
    region through the afternoon, which should allow for around 500-1000
    J/kg of MLCAPE to develop. This instability coupled with cool
    mid-level temperatures and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear appear
    sufficient for some updraft organization with the scattered to
    numerous thunderstorms that form. Isolated, marginally severe hail
    and gusty outflow winds may occur with the stronger cells that
    develop and spread east-northeastward across southeast Arizona into
    southwest New Mexico through the afternoon and early evening. This
    activity is expected to quickly weaken by mid-evening with the loss
    of daytime heating.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 20 00:54:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200054
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200052

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 PM CDT Mon Oct 19 2026

    Valid 200100Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST ARIZONA AND SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe gusts and hail will be possible
    this evening across parts of southeast Arizona and southwest New
    Mexico.

    ...Southeast Arizona/Southwest New Mexico...
    Latest water vapor imagery shows a minor shortwave trough moving
    through the Desert Southwest. An associated mid-level jet is
    analyzed by the RAP over northwestern Mexico and southeastern
    Arizona. Lift associated with the jet is providing support for
    scattered thunderstorm development this evening. Near the exit of
    the jet, a small cluster of storms is ongoing from far southeast
    Arizona into southwest New Mexico along the eastern edge of a
    corridor of instability. Within this corridor, the RAP has SBCAPE
    from 1000 to 1500 J/kg. The RAP also has about 40 knots of 0-6 km
    shear. This may be enough for an isolated threat for severe wind
    gusts and hail for another hour or two this evening.

    ..Broyles.. 10/20/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 20 05:50:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 200549
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 200548

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are forecast across the U.S. today and
    tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level anticyclonic flow pattern will be in place across the
    south-central U.S. today, as divergent flow aloft remains over the
    Southwest. At the surface, a large area of high pressure will be
    entrenched over the eastern half of the nation. An axis of low-level
    moisture will be in place over the Desert Southwest, where scattered thunderstorms will be possible today as instability increases. The
    chance for storms in the Desert Southwest will continue into the
    evening and overnight period. No severe threat is expected across
    the continental U.S. through daybreak Wednesday.

    ..Broyles/Leitman.. 10/20/2026

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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 20 12:32:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201231
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026

    Valid 201300Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms appear unlikely through tonight.

    ...Great Basin into the Southwest and Southern/Central Plains...
    Isolated showers and thunderstorms ongoing this morning across parts
    of southern/central NM may develop downstream today over portions of
    the southern/central Plains as modest southwesterly mid-level flow
    persists. As a closed mid/upper-level low digs southward off the
    West Coast, convection capable of producing occasional lightning is
    also forecast to develop this afternoon through tonight across parts
    of the Great Basin and Southwest. Low-level moisture is forecast to
    further increase through the period over the lower CO River Valley
    and southern/central AZ.

    While a stronger thunderstorm or two may develop across southeast AZ
    this afternoon with daytime heating aided by orographic effects,
    better large-scale ascent associated with a strong southwesterly mid/upper-level jet will likely be delayed until late tonight/early
    Wednesday morning. Greater coverage of thunderstorms may be realized
    towards the end of the period across central/northern AZ, but in a
    weak thermodynamic environment. The overall severe hail/wind threat
    across the Southwest currently appears lower and even more isolated
    than yesterday, so have not introduced any severe probabilities with
    this update.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/20/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 20 16:27:22 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201627
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201625

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026

    Valid 201630Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...Southwest...
    Beneath a belt of 30-40-kt southwesterly flow aloft, isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected along the
    higher terrain across parts of southeastern AZ into western NM this
    afternoon. Diurnal heating amid middle/upper 50s dewpoints will
    yield weak surface-based buoyancy, which combined with around 35 kt
    of effective shear, may promote transient storm organization. While
    an isolated instance of marginally severe hail (around 1 inch in
    diameter) and/or locally strong gusts cannot be ruled out, the
    overall severe threat is expected to remain isolated/limited today.

    An increase in thunderstorm coverage is expected late in the period
    across central/northern AZ as forcing for ascent strengthens within
    the exit region of a robust midlevel jet. While deep-layer shear
    will be increasing, most of this activity should remain elevated
    amid weak buoyancy -- limiting the overall severe risk.

    ..Weinman.. 10/20/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Tue Oct 20 19:56:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 201956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 201955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026

    Valid 202000Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected through tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    Isolated thunderstorm development is ongoing across portions of
    southeastern AZ and southwestern NM where latest objective analysis
    suggests MLCAPE has increased to around 500 J/kg amid diurnal
    heating and mid-50s F surface dewpoints. While transient storm
    organization and a low-probability risk for marginally severe hail
    and/or locally strong gusts remain possible, the existing outlook
    has been maintained owing to the expectation for any severe risk to
    remain limited in magnitude and coverage. See the discussion below
    for additional information.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/20/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1125 AM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026/

    ...Southwest...
    Beneath a belt of 30-40-kt southwesterly flow aloft, isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected along the
    higher terrain across parts of southeastern AZ into western NM this
    afternoon. Diurnal heating amid middle/upper 50s dewpoints will
    yield weak surface-based buoyancy, which combined with around 35 kt
    of effective shear, may promote transient storm organization. While
    an isolated instance of marginally severe hail (around 1 inch in
    diameter) and/or locally strong gusts cannot be ruled out, the
    overall severe threat is expected to remain isolated/limited today.

    An increase in thunderstorm coverage is expected late in the period
    across central/northern AZ as forcing for ascent strengthens within
    the exit region of a robust midlevel jet. While deep-layer shear
    will be increasing, most of this activity should remain elevated
    amid weak buoyancy -- limiting the overall severe risk.

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 21 00:54:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210053
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210051

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 PM CDT Tue Oct 20 2026

    Valid 210100Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe threat is not forecast across the U.S. through tonight.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level low will move toward the coast of California this
    evening as south-southwesterly flow aloft remains in place over the
    Desert Southwest. Ahead of this system, instability will be
    sufficient for thunderstorm development this evening into tonight
    across parts of the Desert Southwest and Intermountain West.
    Thunderstorms will also be possible tonight along and near an axis
    of low-level moisture over the southern and central Great Plains. No
    severe threat is forecast across the continental U.S. through
    daybreak Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 10/21/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 21 05:53:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 210553
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 210551

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with a potential for large hail, severe wind
    gusts and a couple tornadoes are expected today along the Mogollon
    Rim across parts of Arizona. Marginally severe wind gusts and an
    isolated tornado threat will also be possible along the southern and
    central California Coast.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level low will approach the California Coast today, as
    southwesterly divergent flow aloft remains in place over much of the
    Southwest. Ahead of the system, low-level moisture will advect
    northward into the Desert Southwest today. An axis with surface
    dewpoints in the 60s F will set up to the southwest of the Mogollon
    Rim across southern, central and western Arizona. By afternoon,
    MLCAPE is forecast to peak in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range along and
    near the moist axis. Over the top of the moist and unstable airmass,
    strong mid-level southwesterly flow will be in place. Moderate
    instability and strong deep-layer shear will support a substantial
    severe threat with storms that develop along the Mogollon Rim from
    this afternoon into the evening, near the northern edge of the
    stronger instability.

    As the upper-level system approaches, a 50 to 70 knot mid-level jet
    will overspread the Desert Southwest today. RAP forecast soundings
    within the exit region of the jet over north-central Arizona in the
    mid to late afternoon have gradually veering winds with height and
    50 to 60 knots of 0-6 km shear. In addition, steep mid-level lapse
    rates and long hodographs are evident which will result in a
    potential for supercells with large hail. The strongest cells could
    produce hailstones greater than 2 inches in diameter. Forecast
    soundings also have 0-3 km storm-relative helicity in the 175 to 250
    m2/s2 range late this afternoon along parts of the Mogollon Rim
    suggesting that the stronger supercells will be capable of
    tornadoes. The severe threat is expected to persist from mid
    afternoon into the evening, with a potential for two rounds of
    severe storms impacting parts of north-central Arizona.

    ...Coast of Southern and Central California...
    A large upper-level low pressure system will move toward the
    California Coast today. The left exit region of a mid-level jet will
    approach the southern and central California Coast. A wave of
    precipitation associated with this feature will move to the southern
    and central California Coast this afternoon. Instability along the
    coast will be sufficient for thunderstorm development. RAP forecast
    soundings along the coast this afternoon have strong deep-layer
    shear, which will support the development of low-topped supercells.
    Some model forecasts have 0-3 km storm-relative helicity around 200
    m2/s2 near the coast suggesting that an isolated tornado threat will
    be possible. Any cells that rotate and move onshore could also be
    associated with isolated severe wind gusts as well.

    ..Broyles/Leitman.. 10/21/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 21 12:32:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211232
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211230

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0730 AM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026

    Valid 211300Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail, a few
    tornadoes, and damaging winds are expected today and tonight across
    parts of Arizona and vicinity. Isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado may also occur along the central/southern California Coast.

    ...Southwest...
    Ongoing thunderstorms across central/northern AZ early this morning
    are being aided by large-scale ascent associated with a strong
    southwesterly mid/upper-level jet. This activity should continue to
    pose a threat for mainly isolated severe hail in the short term,
    with 40-50 kt of effective bulk shear aiding updraft organization
    and supercell potential in an otherwise weakly unstable environment
    (MUCAPE generally 500-1000 J/kg at the moment). Current expectations
    are for these thunderstorms to continue advancing northward into an
    even less unstable environment, but regenerative convection may
    persist for much of the morning as additional cells move over the
    Mogollon Rim.

    In the wake of this morning convection, an already unseasonably
    moist low-level airmass present across southern/central AZ is
    forecast to slowly spread northward across the lower CO River Valley
    and Mogollon Rim vicinity through the afternoon. Even with
    widespread cloudiness, filtered daytime heating will support gradual
    airmass destabilization and the development of up to 1000-1500 J/kg
    of MLCAPE across this region (locally stronger in central AZ), as
    convective inhibition becomes minimal by 18-20Z. Additional
    thunderstorms will likely develop across central/northern AZ in this
    time frame, as persistent forcing for ascent attendant to the
    mid/upper-level southwesterly jet remains over the Southwest.

    Strong deep-layer shear (40-55+ kt) will easily support supercells,
    with an associated threat for large hail. Greater instability is
    forecast with southward/westward extent in central AZ and southern
    NV, but lower thunderstorm coverage may exist in these areas. Still,
    a conditional risk for 2+ inch diameter hail remains apparent with
    splitting supercells given the rather favorable overlap of moderate
    instability and elongated/nearly straight hodographs at mid/upper
    levels. Occasional severe/damaging winds may also occur, but the
    tendency for convection to remain mostly discrete may limit
    clustering potential to some extent.

    The tornado threat with these supercells remains somewhat uncertain,
    as temperatures will remain fairly cool across northern AZ today.
    Even so, the risk for a few tornadoes may focus across parts of northwest/north-central AZ this afternoon and early evening, where
    greater low-level shear is forecast to reside amid generally
    east-southeasterly low-level winds. It should also be noted that
    multiple rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms appear likely
    today into tonight. Primary changes with this update were to extend
    the Slight Risk westward across northwest AZ/southeast NV/southwest
    UT mainly for large hail potential with supercells this
    afternoon/evening, and to expand the Marginal Risk in southern NV
    and western NM.

    ...Coastal Central/Southern California...
    A large, closed upper low over the eastern Pacific will approach the
    central CA Coast through the period, with a belt of strong southerly
    flow at mid levels expected to overspread coastal central/southern
    CA through the day. A low-topped line of convection may develop in
    response and impact this region during the afternoon/evening.
    Instability is forecast to remain minimal/shallow, and this activity
    may struggle to reach sufficient height for charge separation and
    lightning production. Still, given modestly enhanced flow and
    low-level shear, an isolated risk for severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado may exist as this convection moves onshore.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/21/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 21 16:25:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211624
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211622

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026

    Valid 211630Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail, a few
    tornadoes, and damaging winds are expected today and tonight across
    parts of Arizona and vicinity. Isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado may also occur along the central/southern California Coast.

    ...Southwest...
    Recent satellite imagery continues to show deep southwesterly flow
    aloft from the central Baja Peninsula through AZ and the Four
    Corners region. Warm-air advection associated with this
    southwesterly flow aloft has contributed to showers and
    thunderstorms across central/northern AZ this morning. The low-level
    airmass here is still relatively cool and stable, but strong
    vertical shear has still resulted in several supercells. As
    mentioned in MCD #2385, additional/isolated thunderstorms are
    possible within this low-midlevel moisture plume, potentially aided
    by embedded speed maxima moving north-northeastward. Strong vertical
    shear will persist as well, suggesting several of these storms could
    become supercellular. Large hail will remain the primary risk until
    the low levels destabilize.

    Deep cyclone off the central/southern CA coast is forecast to
    gradually shift east-southeastward today. As it does, southwesterly
    flow aloft within its eastern periphery will strengthen, with
    deep-layer vertical shear across AZ also strengthening in response.
    Low-level moisture will advect northward as well. Even with
    widespread cloudiness, this increased moisture combined with
    filtered daytime heating will support gradual airmass
    destabilization and the development of up to 1000-1500 J/kg of
    MLCAPE across this region. Strongest buoyancy is anticipated in
    south-central AZ.

    Forcing for ascent will increase in tandem with airmass
    destabilization and the general expectation is for increasing
    thunderstorm coverage along and just south/west of the Mogollon Rim
    this afternoon. Supercell wind profiles are in place, and large to
    isolated very large hail (i.e. 2"+ in diameter) is expected to be
    the primary hazard. However, storm motion will take these storms north-northeastward, potentially interacting with the more
    southeasterly low-level flow along/near the Rim. Resulting increase
    in low-level shear will support an increased tornado potential. This
    potential will be maximized from northwest into central AZ this
    afternoon and early evening, but low-probability tornado potential
    will extend to the southern AZ/NM border. Strong wind gusts are
    possible as well, particularly from central into southeast AZ where
    relatively stronger heating/mixing is possible.

    Tornado threat is expected to diminish gradually with the loss of
    daytime heating, but thunderstorms will likely persist throughout
    the evening and overnight. Large hail will remain possible with this
    overnight activity.

    ...Coastal Central/Southern California...
    The large cyclone over the eastern Pacific will approach the
    central CA Coast through the period, with a belt of strong southerly
    flow at mid levels expected to overspread coastal central/southern
    CA through the day. A low-topped line of convection may develop in
    response and impact this region during the afternoon/evening.
    Limited instability is forecast, and updrafts may struggle to reach
    sufficient depth for charge separation and lightning production.
    Even so, given modestly enhanced flow and low-level shear, an
    isolated risk for severe gusts and perhaps a tornado may exist as
    this convection moves onshore.

    ..Mosier/Thompson.. 10/21/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Wed Oct 21 19:55:02 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 211954
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 211953

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 PM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026

    Valid 212000Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL ARIZONA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail, a few
    tornadoes, and damaging winds remain possible today and tonight
    across parts of Arizona and vicinity. Isolated severe gusts and
    perhaps a tornado may also occur along the central/southern
    California Coast.

    ...20z Update...
    No changes were made to the existing outlook with this update as the
    forecast remains generally on track. Convective activity/severe
    potential is generally expected to peak this afternoon/early evening
    coincident with peak diurnal heating/destabilization. However,
    additional rounds of thunderstorm development and the potential for
    supercells capable of primarily large hail are likely to continue
    into the late evening/overnight hours, especially across
    central/northern Arizona, amid a continuing southerly, warm-air
    advection regime. See MCDs #2387 and #2388 along with the discussion
    below for additional short-term details.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/21/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1122 AM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026/

    ...Southwest...
    Recent satellite imagery continues to show deep southwesterly flow
    aloft from the central Baja Peninsula through AZ and the Four
    Corners region. Warm-air advection associated with this
    southwesterly flow aloft has contributed to showers and
    thunderstorms across central/northern AZ this morning. The low-level
    airmass here is still relatively cool and stable, but strong
    vertical shear has still resulted in several supercells. As
    mentioned in MCD #2385, additional/isolated thunderstorms are
    possible within this low-midlevel moisture plume, potentially aided
    by embedded speed maxima moving north-northeastward. Strong vertical
    shear will persist as well, suggesting several of these storms could
    become supercellular. Large hail will remain the primary risk until
    the low levels destabilize.

    Deep cyclone off the central/southern CA coast is forecast to
    gradually shift east-southeastward today. As it does, southwesterly
    flow aloft within its eastern periphery will strengthen, with
    deep-layer vertical shear across AZ also strengthening in response.
    Low-level moisture will advect northward as well. Even with
    widespread cloudiness, this increased moisture combined with
    filtered daytime heating will support gradual airmass
    destabilization and the development of up to 1000-1500 J/kg of
    MLCAPE across this region. Strongest buoyancy is anticipated in
    south-central AZ.

    Forcing for ascent will increase in tandem with airmass
    destabilization and the general expectation is for increasing
    thunderstorm coverage along and just south/west of the Mogollon Rim
    this afternoon. Supercell wind profiles are in place, and large to
    isolated very large hail (i.e. 2"+ in diameter) is expected to be
    the primary hazard. However, storm motion will take these storms north-northeastward, potentially interacting with the more
    southeasterly low-level flow along/near the Rim. Resulting increase
    in low-level shear will support an increased tornado potential. This
    potential will be maximized from northwest into central AZ this
    afternoon and early evening, but low-probability tornado potential
    will extend to the southern AZ/NM border. Strong wind gusts are
    possible as well, particularly from central into southeast AZ where
    relatively stronger heating/mixing is possible.

    Tornado threat is expected to diminish gradually with the loss of
    daytime heating, but thunderstorms will likely persist throughout
    the evening and overnight. Large hail will remain possible with this
    overnight activity.

    ...Coastal Central/Southern California...
    The large cyclone over the eastern Pacific will approach the
    central CA Coast through the period, with a belt of strong southerly
    flow at mid levels expected to overspread coastal central/southern
    CA through the day. A low-topped line of convection may develop in
    response and impact this region during the afternoon/evening.
    Limited instability is forecast, and updrafts may struggle to reach
    sufficient depth for charge separation and lightning production.
    Even so, given modestly enhanced flow and low-level shear, an
    isolated risk for severe gusts and perhaps a tornado may exist as
    this convection moves onshore.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 22 01:02:08 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed Oct 21 2026

    Valid 220100Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MUCH OF
    ARIZONA INTO FAR SOUTHEAST NEVADA AND SOUTHWEST UTAH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail, a couple
    tornadoes, and damaging winds remain possible tonight across parts
    of Arizona and the Southwest. Isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado may also occur along the central/southern California Coast.

    ...Southwest...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed a deep upper low off the
    southwest CA coast, with a plume of mid-level Pacific moisture
    advecting into the Southwest and Four Corners. Several shortwave
    perturbations were evident within the broader cyclonic flow, with
    the most substantial of these moving northward from the coast of
    Baja California. As the upper low drifts eastward, strong mid-level
    flow will continue to overspread much of the Southwest through
    tonight.

    At the surface, continued southerly flow has allowed surface
    dewpoints to remain quite moist from the lower deserts toward the
    Mogollon Rim. While surface temperatures are cooler, especially with
    northward extent where numerous storms have occurred, the very moist
    conditions and steepening mid-level lapse rates beneath the
    advancing cold core will continue to support weak to moderate
    buoyancy (MUCAPE 1000-1500 J/kg) through the overnight hours.
    Ongoing supercells will likely persist given increasingly strong
    southerly wind fields ahead of the upper low. Elongated and mostly
    straight hodographs will favor supercells with effective bulk shear
    values of 55-65 kt.

    Additional storm development, focused mainly across south-central
    AZ, remains possible given the upslope flow and the approach of the
    shortwave trough from Mexico late tonight into early Thursday. With
    supercells expected to be the primary storm mode, large hail will be
    the primary risk. However, severe gusts and a couple tornadoes also
    remain possible given some low-level hodograph curvature and local
    terrain influences. The primary axis of convection should gradually
    shift eastward across AZ into southwest NM with the upper low into
    early Thursday morning.

    ..Coastal Central/Southern California...
    The prominent cyclone approaching the central CA Coast will continue
    eastward moving onshore tonight. Cool mid-level temperatures beneath
    the low and modestly moist surface conditions are supporting weak
    buoyancy. A low-topped line of convection along the primary cold
    front will approach the coast this evening/tonight. While updrafts
    may struggle to reach sufficient depth for charge separation and
    lightning production given weak buoyancy, enhanced flow and
    low-level shear may support an isolated risk for severe gusts and
    perhaps a tornado through the overnight hours along the CA coast.

    ..Lyons.. 10/22/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 22 06:02:36 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 220602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 220600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN ARIZONA INTO WESTERN NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the Southwest and
    Four Corners area today into tonight with the most intense storms
    likely across parts of Arizona and New Mexico. All severe hazards
    will be possible.

    ...Southwest and Four Corners...
    The deep upper low initially over the CA coast will move inland and
    continue eastward through the day, slowly weakening into an open
    wave. A belt of enhanced southerly mid-level flow (70+ kt) along the
    eastern periphery of the cyclone will remain in place over the
    Southwest and Four Corners. Several embedded shortwave perturbations
    will rotate around the cyclone, aiding in continued low-level
    southerly flow across eastern AZ and southwest NM. Here, surface
    dewpoints in the upper 50s to low 60s F and diurnal heating should
    contribute to moderate buoyancy amid deep and strongly veering wind
    profiles favorable for severe storms.

    One or more bands of convection are likely to be ongoing across
    central/eastern AZ early this morning along a weak surface trough.
    Cooling mid-level temperatures ahead of the approaching low and
    persistent upslope flow along the central and southern portions of
    the Mogollon Rim will maintain buoyancy through the diurnal minimum
    with reintensification of these storms likely as heating develops
    over the lower deserts. Storms will likely be supercellular
    initially. Large hail (perhaps to around 2 inches) and a couple of
    tornadoes will be the main concern, focused where the largest
    buoyancy and strongest low-level shear will overlap in southeastern
    AZ. With time, increasingly meridional flow and numerous storm
    interactions will favor more linear modes and perhaps a transition
    to a greater damaging wind threat by later in the afternoon.

    Farther north into the Great Basin, sufficient destabilization for
    more than sporadic severe storms is much less certain owing to lower
    surface dewpoints and significant cloud cover. Still, model guidance
    shows a few hundred J/kg of MLCAPE may develop with pockets of
    better heating from eastern NV, UT and into southwestern CO. Flow
    aloft will remain fairly strong (50-60 kt) helping to elongate mid
    and upper-level hodographs. DPVA and upslope trajectories should
    support numerous showers/thunderstorms with some potential for
    organization into clusters or supercell structures. Damaging wind
    gusts are the most likely hazard, though marginally severe hail is
    also possible with any of the stronger rotating storms into the
    evening.

    ...Southern California...
    As the upper-level low moves overhead during the afternoon, cold
    mid-level temperatures (around -20C at 500 mb) and modest surface
    heating will support weak destabilization with MLCAPE of 500-750
    J/kg. Low-topped convection near the coast may be ongoing early and
    continue into the early afternoon before mid-level ascent begins to
    decrease. Given the ambient vorticity with the upper-low and local
    terrain effects, a brief tornado is possible with the strongest
    storms along with isolated wind damage potential. Severe potential
    should rapidly diminish as the upper trough moves eastward late
    through the afternoon and into the evening.

    ..Lyons/Jirak.. 10/22/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 22 12:46:38 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221244

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 AM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026

    Valid 221300Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN ARIZONA INTO WESTERN NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    Southwest today into tonight, with the most intense cells forecast
    across parts of Arizona and western New Mexico this afternoon and
    evening. Large hail, damaging winds, and a few tornadoes all appear
    possible.

    ...Southwest into the Great Basin...
    Occasional supercells across portions of east-central AZ have
    persisted through much of the early morning hours, aided by
    continued large-scale ascent associated with a 50-70 kt
    south-southwesterly mid-level jet and low-level upslope flow across
    the Mogollon Rim. Strong deep-layer shear of 40-50+ kt and generally long/straight hodographs at mid/upper levels noted on the latest
    KFSX/KIWA VWPs will support organized updrafts through the remainder
    of the morning amid 500-1500 J/kg of MUCAPE (greater with southward
    extent). See Mesoscale Discussion 2396 for more details on the
    short-term threat across AZ.

    Current expectations are for additional intense thunderstorms to
    develop by 18-21Z across the higher terrain of east-central AZ and
    vicinity as an upper trough/low over CA moves inland over the Great
    Basin. The mid-level jet attendant to the upper trough/low will also
    translate eastward through the day, with strong deep-layer shear
    remaining over a gradually destabilizing airmass. The primary severe
    threat should remain large hail with any sustained supercells
    (isolated 2+ inches possible). But, the risk for severe/damaging
    winds may increase by mid to late afternoon as convection spreads
    from eastern AZ into western NM, with some potential for clustering.
    A few tornadoes also appear possible, mainly over east-central AZ
    this afternoon when the best combination of greater boundary-layer
    instability and low-level shear are forecast to overlap. While the
    severe threat across these areas will peak in the mid to late
    afternoon when instability is strongest, at least an isolated threat
    should continue through much of the evening with eastward extent
    into western/central NM before convection eventually weakens.

    Farther north into the Great Basin, both low-level moisture and
    related MLCAPE are generally more limited. Even so, multiple
    corridors of isolated severe hail/wind potential may exist this
    afternoon as convection develops ahead of the eastward-translating
    upper trough/low amid strong southerly flow/shear through much of
    the troposphere. Recent short-term guidance suggests a small cluster
    may form and spread northeastward across northern NV into southern
    ID, with some potential for strong to locally severe gusts.

    ...Coastal Southern California...
    Additional organized bands of low-topped convection appear unlikely
    this morning into the afternoon across coastal southern CA.
    Therefore, the Marginal Risk has been removed with this update.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 10/22/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 22 16:43:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221642
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221641

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1141 AM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026

    Valid 221630Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    ARIZONA/WESTERN NEW MEXICO AND FOUR CORNERS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the Southwest,
    with the most intense cells expected across parts of Arizona and
    western New Mexico this afternoon and evening. Large hail, damaging
    winds, and a few tornadoes are all possible.

    ...Arizona/Four Corners and Great Basin...
    Another active and relatively rare setup from a climatological
    perspective continues regionally, and will tend to shift
    east-northeastward through the afternoon and evening. This will be
    as the upper low in vicinity of the SoCal coast continues to become
    more northeastward progressive today, reaching portions of the Great
    Basin and lower Colorado River Valley by this evening.

    Scenario will continue to favor supercells, particularly for eastern
    Arizona and western New Mexico from a longer-duration and tornado
    perspective, as low-level winds otherwise will tend to take on more
    of a westerly component over time farther west across Arizona as the
    upper trough approaches. Severe probabilities have been
    increased/expanded northward toward the Four Corners/Colorado
    Plateau vicinity, where an atypically rare setup of
    deep-layer/low-level shear coincident with modest but adequate
    severe-conducive degree of destabilization is expected.

    As compared to yesterday, a greater coverage of storms will likely
    exist by later today/afternoon, which may mean a less-discrete
    nature of the supercells, but with more numerous
    severe-caliber/supercell storms capable of large hail, damaging
    winds and a tornado risk. Recent Tucson WSR-88D VWP data still
    reflects strong low-level shear/SRH and (splitting)
    supercell-favorable deep-layer wind profiles, with the probability
    that tornado potential will probably maximize across eastern
    Arizona/far western New Mexico this afternoon into evening,
    especially where topography influences a low-level easterly wind
    component. Large hail will be associated with both left-moving and
    right-moving supercells.

    Farther north-northwest into the Great Basin, both low-level
    moisture and related MLCAPE are generally more limited. Even so,
    multiple corridors of isolated severe hail/wind and brief tornado
    potential will exist this afternoon. This will be as semi-low-topped
    convection develops ahead of the eastward-translating upper
    trough/low amid strong southerly flow/shear through much of the
    troposphere.

    ..Guyer/Weinman.. 10/22/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Thu Oct 22 19:57:48 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 221957
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 221955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026

    Valid 222000Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    ARIZONA/WESTERN NEW MEXICO AND THE FOUR CORNERS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms remain possible across the Southwest,
    with the most intense cells expected across parts of Arizona and
    western New Mexico this afternoon and evening. Large hail, damaging
    winds, and a few tornadoes are all possible.

    ...20z Update...
    Convective coverage has increased across portions of
    eastern/northeastern Arizona over the past couple of hours, with
    widely scattered supercell structures noted through the
    morning/early afternoon via regional radar imagery. Expectations
    remain generally unchanged regarding the evolution of this
    convection and the associated severe threat across much of eastern Arizona/western New Mexico and the Four Corners region. Thus, no
    changes were made to the primary risk area.

    Along the periphery, a minor eastward expansion of the existing
    Level 1/Marginal Risk was made along the central CO/NM border where
    some low-probability potential for mainly damaging wind gusts may
    persist farther eastward. Elsewhere, only minor adjustments were
    made to the General Thunder area, including some trimming along the
    California coastline to the west of the mid/upper trough axis. See
    the previous discussion and MCD #2399 for additional information.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/22/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1141 AM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026/

    ...Arizona/Four Corners and Great Basin...
    Another active and relatively rare setup from a climatological
    perspective continues regionally, and will tend to shift
    east-northeastward through the afternoon and evening. This will be
    as the upper low in vicinity of the SoCal coast continues to become
    more northeastward progressive today, reaching portions of the Great
    Basin and lower Colorado River Valley by this evening.

    Scenario will continue to favor supercells, particularly for eastern
    Arizona and western New Mexico from a longer-duration and tornado
    perspective, as low-level winds otherwise will tend to take on more
    of a westerly component over time farther west across Arizona as the
    upper trough approaches. Severe probabilities have been
    increased/expanded northward toward the Four Corners/Colorado
    Plateau vicinity, where an atypically rare setup of
    deep-layer/low-level shear coincident with modest but adequate
    severe-conducive degree of destabilization is expected.

    As compared to yesterday, a greater coverage of storms will likely
    exist by later today/afternoon, which may mean a less-discrete
    nature of the supercells, but with more numerous
    severe-caliber/supercell storms capable of large hail, damaging
    winds and a tornado risk. Recent Tucson WSR-88D VWP data still
    reflects strong low-level shear/SRH and (splitting)
    supercell-favorable deep-layer wind profiles, with the probability
    that tornado potential will probably maximize across eastern
    Arizona/far western New Mexico this afternoon into evening,
    especially where topography influences a low-level easterly wind
    component. Large hail will be associated with both left-moving and
    right-moving supercells.

    Farther north-northwest into the Great Basin, both low-level
    moisture and related MLCAPE are generally more limited. Even so,
    multiple corridors of isolated severe hail/wind and brief tornado
    potential will exist this afternoon. This will be as semi-low-topped
    convection develops ahead of the eastward-translating upper
    trough/low amid strong southerly flow/shear through much of the
    troposphere.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 23 01:02:50 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230101

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0801 PM CDT Thu Oct 22 2026

    Valid 230100Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    ARIZONA INTO WESTERN NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms remain possible across the Southwest
    and Great Basin tonight. The most intense cells are expected across
    parts western New Mexico through the remainder of this evening.
    Large hail, damaging winds, and a tornado or two are all possible.

    ...Southwest and Great Basin...
    Evening water-vapor imagery showed the upper low over central CA has transitioned into a broad, negatively titled open wave. Mid-level
    southerly flow remains quite strong on the eastern periphery of the
    trough over eastern AZ, NM, and farther north into the Great Basin.
    The main associated vort max should continue northeastward from NV
    into UT and WY/ID tonight. Farther south, mid-level subsidence and
    dry air behind a surface trough were observed moving across southern
    CA/NV into western and central AZ. This should serve as the
    effective western terminus to deep convection.

    To the east of the wind shift, ongoing convection has remained
    relatively strong and well organized owing to moderate buoyancy and strong/deep, but modestly veering wind profiles. A mix of supercells
    and linear clusters should continue into this evening as main band
    of convection gradually shifts into western NM and southern CO.
    Buoyancy is forecast to gradually decrease through this evening, but
    with MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg, convection should remain fairly robust
    well into the evening hours. Favorable deep-layer shear for
    supercells (EBWD 50-60 kt) will continue to support a risk for hail
    along with severe gusts. A tornado or two also remains possible,
    particularly from northwestern NM, northward toward southern CO
    where low-level flow is backed and terrain influence is supporting
    larger low-level hodograph curvature.

    To the north, numerous thunderstorms remain ongoing, but with
    somewhat weaker presentation. Buoyancy (MLCAPE generally less than
    500 J/kg) remains fairly limited, but sufficient for intermittent
    stronger updrafts, especially as the cold core aloft moves overhead
    eastern NV and western UT into tonight. With deep-layer shear
    forecast to remain quite strong overnight, isolated strong to severe
    storms remain possible. Damaging gusts are the most likely hazard,
    though sporadic hail will also be possible, particularly with any
    rotating storms able to be maintained.

    ..Lyons.. 10/23/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 23 06:02:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 230602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 230601

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with hail, damaging gusts and a tornado or two
    are possible across portions of New Mexico and southern Colorado
    today into tonight.

    An elongated western US trough will drift eastward today as the
    primary vort max is forecast to lift northeastward across the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies through tonight. A secondary
    shortwave perturbation will round the base of the trough and
    approach coastal southern CA. Despite the fragmented nature of the
    upper trough, mid-level meridional flow will remain fairly strong
    from portions of northern Mexico to the Canadian border. Ascent
    associated with both perturbations and the strong flow crossing the
    higher terrain will aid in developing a lee cyclone across eastern
    MT. A trailing lee trough will connect to a second, much weaker,
    cyclone over southern NM and northern Senora. This will support
    modest northward return of unseasonably robust moisture, and
    subsequent destabilization across NM and the southern High Plains
    favorable for strong to severe storms.

    ...New Mexico and southern Colorado...
    Remnant showers and perhaps a few thunderstorms are likely to be
    ongoing early this morning across the higher terrain of northern NM
    and southern CO. The impact this convection and cloud debris will
    have on later convective development is somewhat uncertain.
    Regardless, mid-level ascent, persistent upslope flow and continued
    advection of 50-60 F surface dewpoints should result in adequate destabilization (MLCAPE 500-1000 J/kg) by early afternoon across
    southern CO and northern NM. Subsequent development and
    intensification of multiple rounds of thunderstorms are likely, with organization into supercells and clusters expected, owing to
    elongated and fairly straight hodographs. Hail will be the primary
    risk, with isolated strong gusts possible as well. However, some
    veering in the low-levels, aided by terrain-induced backing of the
    flow and moist low-levels could support a low-probability tornado
    risk with the strongest supercells.

    Farther south more robust diurnal heating is expected to develop
    where clearing should be more prominent. Afternoon MLCAPE of
    1000-2000 J/kg is likely to exist amidst the strong wind fields.
    While low-level flow is expected to remain more veered with the
    weaker surface pressure response, straight hodographs and effective
    shear greater than 40 kt will still favor splitting supercells.
    Large hail (some 2+ inch) is possible. The deeper mixing, especially
    with eastward extent in southern NM and far west TX, may also
    support some damaging/severe gust potential if storms remain higher
    based.

    ...High Plains...
    A more isolated severe risk could develop within the foothills and
    adjacent high Plains of southeastern CO where modest buoyancy,
    increasingly strong flow aloft, and steeper low-level lapse rates
    will exist. Convection emanating from the higher terrain could
    persist into the drier and more deeply mixed air mass beginning mid
    to late afternoon, enhancing downdrafts and damaging gust potential.
    The degree of organization/intensity of these storms is uncertain,
    but 5% wind probabilities have been added.

    ..Lyons/Thornton.. 10/23/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 23 12:47:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231246
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231245

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0745 AM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026

    Valid 231300Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF NEW MEXICO....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with hail, damaging gusts and a tornado or two
    are possible across portions of New Mexico, southern Colorado, and
    far west Texas today into tonight.

    ...NM/CO/Far West TX...
    A large upper trough remains over the western states today, with
    strong southwesterly mid-level winds extending across the southern
    Rockies. A shortwave trough now moving across northern NM/southern
    CO will depart the area, leaving a few hours of subsidence before a
    combination of daytime heating and subtle forcing within the upper
    jet aid in afternoon thunderstorm development over NM. Favorable
    deep-layer shear profiles and MLCAPE of 1000-1500 J/kg will support
    a risk of supercell structures through the afternoon and evening
    from southern NM/far west TX into southeast CO. Relatively steep
    mid level lapse rates and cool temperatures aloft suggest that large
    hail is the main concern from these storms, but locally damaging
    winds could also occur where daytime heating is maximized. A tornado
    or two could occur in terrain-favored areas.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 10/23/2026

    $$
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  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 23 16:32:24 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026

    Valid 231630Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR CENTRAL NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with large hail, damaging gusts and an isolated
    tornado are possible across portions of New Mexico, southern
    Colorado, and far west Texas today into tonight.

    ...NM and far west TX this afternoon into early tonight...
    An initial shortwave trough will continue to eject
    north-northeastward over WY as an upstream wave evolves into a new
    closed low over the lower CO River Valley. A surface cyclone will
    develop from eastern MT into MB in advance of the lead shortwave
    trough, with a trailing baroclinic zone across CO/northwest NM and
    central AZ. A moisture plume persists along and southeast of the
    baroclinic zone, with the most favorable moisture profiles for
    thunderstorm development expected this afternoon/evening across NM.

    Forcing for ascent will be relatively weak across NM this afternoon,
    so surface heating and terrain influences will drive widely
    scattered thunderstorm development by early-mid afternoon as
    temperatures warm into the 60s and 70s (depending on elevation).
    Observed boundary-layer dewpoints in the low-mid 50s and the warming temperatures will contribute to MLCAPE in the 1000-1500 J/kg with
    minimal convective inhibition. Long, straight hodographs will
    persist beneath a belt of enhanced mid-upper flow and will favor
    supercells this afternoon in NM, with some potential for growth into
    small clusters/line segments. Large hail and occasional severe
    outflow gusts are expected to be the primary threats, though an
    isolated tornado may also occur. The severe threat will peak late
    afternoon and diminish by early tonight.

    ..Thompson/Halbert.. 10/23/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Fri Oct 23 19:58:28 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 231958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 231956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026

    Valid 232000Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR CENTRAL NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with large hail, damaging gusts, and an
    isolated tornado are possible across portions of New Mexico,
    southern Colorado, and far west Texas today into tonight.

    ...20z Update...
    Latest HRRR/RRFS TLE guidance suggests that a locally more favorable
    corridor for left-split supercells may manifest across portions of central/east-central NM to the north of ongoing convective
    development along the Sacramento Mountains. Given the risk for large
    to very large hail likely to accompany persistent, left-split
    supercells, the existing CIG1 group for hail was expanded eastward
    across portions of central/eastern New Mexico to capture this
    corridor. No other changes were made to the existing outlook with
    this update as the forecast remains generally on track. See the
    previous discussion below for additional details.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/23/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026/

    ...NM and far west TX this afternoon into early tonight...
    An initial shortwave trough will continue to eject
    north-northeastward over WY as an upstream wave evolves into a new
    closed low over the lower CO River Valley. A surface cyclone will
    develop from eastern MT into MB in advance of the lead shortwave
    trough, with a trailing baroclinic zone across CO/northwest NM and
    central AZ. A moisture plume persists along and southeast of the
    baroclinic zone, with the most favorable moisture profiles for
    thunderstorm development expected this afternoon/evening across NM.

    Forcing for ascent will be relatively weak across NM this afternoon,
    so surface heating and terrain influences will drive widely
    scattered thunderstorm development by early-mid afternoon as
    temperatures warm into the 60s and 70s (depending on elevation).
    Observed boundary-layer dewpoints in the low-mid 50s and the warming temperatures will contribute to MLCAPE in the 1000-1500 J/kg with
    minimal convective inhibition. Long, straight hodographs will
    persist beneath a belt of enhanced mid-upper flow and will favor
    supercells this afternoon in NM, with some potential for growth into
    small clusters/line segments. Large hail and occasional severe
    outflow gusts are expected to be the primary threats, though an
    isolated tornado may also occur. The severe threat will peak late
    afternoon and diminish by early tonight.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 24 01:05:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240104
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240102

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0802 PM CDT Fri Oct 23 2026

    Valid 240100Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    NEW MEXICO...SOUTHERN COLORADO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms with large hail, severe gusts, and
    perhaps a tornado remain possible across portions of New Mexico,
    southern Colorado, and Far West Texas this evening.

    ...New Mexico and Far West Texas...
    Evening satellite imagery showed a broad upper trough over the Great
    Basin and western US with a basal shortwave feature approaching the
    Desert Southwest from northern Baja. Modest low-level moisture has
    been advected northward ahead of these features supporting
    destabilization over much of NM and Far West TX. This has resulted
    in scattered thunderstorms from northern Mexico to southern CO this
    afternoon and evening. Enhanced southerly mid-level flow of 40-50
    kts has aided in organizing the storms into a mix of into supercells
    and clusters with hail and severe gusts as the primary risk.

    While sufficient for severe storms, the general environment is
    expected to become less conducive through the remainder of this
    evening with gradually decreasing buoyancy and favorable deep-layer
    shear for organized storms. The onset of nocturnal cooling and
    storms moving into a drier/more deeply mixed air mass farther east
    across NM and Far West TX suggest the severe threat for severe gusts
    and hail will become increasingly more isolated and focused tonight.

    ..Lyons.. 10/24/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 24 06:01:56 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 240601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 240559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    NEW MEXICO AND WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind/hail and a tornado are possible across portions of New
    Mexico and far west Texas today.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough over the western US and Rockies is forecast to
    become increasingly fragmented as the primary vort max lifts
    northeastward from the northern Rockies into southern Canada.
    Southern portions of the main trough will be reinforced by an
    upper-level cyclone emerging from northern Baja, forecast to deepen
    modestly as it moves over the Desert Southwest. Relatively strong
    southwesterly flow aloft will precede the southern stream low
    extending eastward across New Mexico and west/southwest Texas. At
    the surface, a cold front will move southward across the Plains
    trailing from a deepening surface low in southern Canada. A much
    weaker surface cyclone is forecast to develop over the Four Corners.
    A relatively moist air mass will be enhanced by weak height falls,
    and the developing surface cyclones, which should gradually
    strengthen south-southeast winds in the lowest 1-2km AGL.

    ...Southwest and Four Corners...
    Initial ascent from the approaching upper low will begin to
    overspread the Four Corners relatively early in the forecast period.
    Despite cooler surface temperatures, the moist air mass and
    steepening mid-level lapse rates will contribute to sufficient
    buoyancy (MUCAPE 500-1000 J/kg) for storm
    development/intensification as early as 12-13z. As wind fields aloft
    strengthen (40-50 kt EBWD), at least an isolated risk for hail may
    materialize.

    More robust storm development is expected to gradually occur east of
    a weak surface trough later in the diurnal cycle as destabilization
    increases across south-central NM into northern Mexico and Far West
    TX. MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg amidst modestly veering, but elongated
    hodographs promoting organized clusters and supercells. Large hail
    (1-2 inches) will be possible given the degree of buoyancy and
    cooler mid-level temperatures. The most likely corridor for larger
    hail may be confined to the greater instability reservoir across
    southern portions of the risk area. While low-level shear will
    remain on the weaker side, at least some curvature in the lowest 1-2
    km of model hodographs could support an isolated tornado risk with
    the more strongly rotating storms.

    Eventually, the meridional nature of the upper-level flow and
    increasing storm coverage should favor a transition to more
    cluster/linear storm modes into the evening across southern NM and
    West TX. Severe gusts will be possible, though eventually convection
    should weaken as it encounters a more stable and drier environment
    farther east.

    ...Northeast NM and southeast CO...
    The surface cold front is forecast to move southward over the Plains
    through the day. Ahead of it, low-level upslope flow will maintain
    modest surface moisture sufficient for weak destabilization.
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected along the frontal zone and
    across the higher terrain through the afternoon. While weak buoyancy
    should temper overall intensity, veering wind profiles could support
    occasional intensification of some clusters. A low-end risk for
    severe gusts or isolated hail is possible.

    ..Lyons/Thornton.. 10/24/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 24 12:15:00 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241214
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241212

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0712 AM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026

    Valid 241300Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TX....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind/hail and a tornado are possible across portions of New
    Mexico and far west Texas today.

    ...NM/Far West TX...
    Morning water vapor imagery shows an upper low over southwest AZ,
    and a pronounced shortwave trough in the southeast quadrant of the
    low over northern Mexico. This feature will rotate northeastward
    today across southern New Mexico and West TX, aiding in the
    development of strong/severe storms.

    Present indications are that scattered thunderstorms will occur
    through the day over central/northern NM in advance of the
    approaching upper trough. Relatively cool air aloft and pockets of
    daytime heating may result in sufficient destabilization for a risk
    of a few strong/severe storms capable of hail. This activity will
    spread northeastward into a progressively less favorable air mass
    for severe storms by early evening.

    Farther south, more abundant sun/heating is expected with
    temperatures warming into the 80s over southern NM and the Trans
    Pecos region of TX. Scattered afternoon thunderstorm development is
    expected - mainly after 18z. Strengthening southeasterly low-level
    winds and favorable deep-layer shear will be favorable for supercell
    storm structures capable of large hail and gusty/damaging winds.
    Forecast hodographs also suggest sufficient low-level shear for a
    tornado or two if discrete storm mode can be maintained. It appears
    the main risk will weaken after 01z with the onset of nocturnal
    cooling.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 10/24/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 24 16:29:30 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026

    Valid 241630Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TX....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind/hail and a tornado are possible across portions of New
    Mexico and far west Texas today.

    ...NM/Four Corners/Far West TX...
    Recent satellite imagery continues to show a cyclone centered over
    the Lower CO River Valley with expansive ridging downstream from the
    western Gulf through the Upper Great Lakes. A shortwave trough is
    currently progressing through the southeastern periphery of the
    Lower CO Valley cyclone over northwestern Mexico. General
    expectation is for the shortwave trough to continue northeastward
    today with some loss of amplitude as it moves within the confluent
    flow between the western CONUS upper low and central/eastern CONUS
    ridging.

    Persistence of mostly southwesterly flow aloft will continue to
    promote showers and thunderstorms from the Four Corners vicinity
    across NM and into far west TX. The airmass becomes more stable with
    northern extent but should remain buoyant enough to support
    continued thunderstorms. More widespread cloud cover is anticipated
    across northern portions of the region, but filtered daytime heating
    may result in greater destabilization and attendant risk of a few
    strong/severe storms capable of hail.

    Greater buoyancy is expected farther south, where dewpoints will
    likely be in the upper 50s to low 60s amid afternoon highs in the
    mid/upper 70s. Moderate to strong deep-layer vertical shear will
    persist across area as well, supporting the potential for
    supercells. Additionally, a more southeasterly component to the
    low-level flow is possible from south-central/southeast NM into far
    west TX, which could support slower storm motions and a relatively
    greater potential for hail and tornadoes. Some very large hail
    greater than 2" in diameter is also more possible here. This region
    should also experience greater large-scale ascent as the shortwave
    trough moves through during the late afternoon/early evening. This
    greater ascent could result in a more linear mode and the potential
    for a few bowing segments. Overall, there appears to be a relatively
    greater severe potential from south-central NM into southeast NM and
    far west TX compared to areas farther north and west.

    ..Mosier/Halbert.. 10/24/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sat Oct 24 19:54:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 241954
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 241952

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 PM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026

    Valid 242000Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PARTS OF NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe wind/hail and a tornado are possible across portions of New
    Mexico and far west Texas today.

    ...20z Update...
    Only minor adjustments were made to the existing severe
    probabilities as the forecast remains generally on track. See the
    prior discussion below for additional details.

    Elsewhere, the General Thunder area was trimmed across portions of
    the northern Plains/upper Midwest in the wake of the passage of a
    surface cold front and accompanying precipitation.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/24/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026/

    ...NM/Four Corners/Far West TX...
    Recent satellite imagery continues to show a cyclone centered over
    the Lower CO River Valley with expansive ridging downstream from the
    western Gulf through the Upper Great Lakes. A shortwave trough is
    currently progressing through the southeastern periphery of the
    Lower CO Valley cyclone over northwestern Mexico. General
    expectation is for the shortwave trough to continue northeastward
    today with some loss of amplitude as it moves within the confluent
    flow between the western CONUS upper low and central/eastern CONUS
    ridging.

    Persistence of mostly southwesterly flow aloft will continue to
    promote showers and thunderstorms from the Four Corners vicinity
    across NM and into far west TX. The airmass becomes more stable with
    northern extent but should remain buoyant enough to support
    continued thunderstorms. More widespread cloud cover is anticipated
    across northern portions of the region, but filtered daytime heating
    may result in greater destabilization and attendant risk of a few
    strong/severe storms capable of hail.

    Greater buoyancy is expected farther south, where dewpoints will
    likely be in the upper 50s to low 60s amid afternoon highs in the
    mid/upper 70s. Moderate to strong deep-layer vertical shear will
    persist across area as well, supporting the potential for
    supercells. Additionally, a more southeasterly component to the
    low-level flow is possible from south-central/southeast NM into far
    west TX, which could support slower storm motions and a relatively
    greater potential for hail and tornadoes. Some very large hail
    greater than 2" in diameter is also more possible here. This region
    should also experience greater large-scale ascent as the shortwave
    trough moves through during the late afternoon/early evening. This
    greater ascent could result in a more linear mode and the potential
    for a few bowing segments. Overall, there appears to be a relatively
    greater severe potential from south-central NM into southeast NM and
    far west TX compared to areas farther north and west.

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 25 01:03:06 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250101

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0801 PM CDT Sat Oct 24 2026

    Valid 250100Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe wind/hail and a tornado remain possible across
    portions of New Mexico and Far West Texas this evening.

    ... 01Z Update ...

    Showers and thunderstorms continue across portions of the Southwest
    this evening. The most intense of these storms are located across
    portions of Far West Texas north into central New Mexico, where
    radar imagery continues to suggest large hail and severe gusts
    remains possible.

    This evening's 00 UTC sounding from Albuquerque, NM, shows steep
    low-level lapse rates that weaken in the mid-levels, yielding MUCAPE
    around 900 J/kg. This instability has likely peaked for the evening
    and should weaken with time as the low-levels stabilize with the
    loss of diurnal heating. The ongoing congealing of thunderstorms
    will continue, which when combined with weakening instability will
    lead to an increasingly sporadic and less organized severe threat
    overnight. That said, sufficient instability and low-level shear
    exists that the threat for isolated large hail and severe
    thunderstorm wind gusts may still occur over the next couple of
    hours.

    ..Marsh.. 10/25/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 25 05:57:10 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 250556
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 250555

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated large hail, and a tornado or two will be possible this afternoon/evening across central/eastern New Mexico and Far West
    Texas. An isolated damaging wind gust will also be possible across
    Far West Texas.

    ... Southern and Eastern New Mexico into Far West Texas ...

    A midlevel shortwave trough is expected to eject northeastward
    across the Four Corners region ahead of stronger height falls
    approaching the Pacific Northwest. Although this trough should
    gradually weaken, associated large-scale ascent will overspread the northwestern periphery of a persistent low- to midlevel moist plume
    extending across New Mexico. A slow-moving, northeast to
    southwest-oriented baroclinic zone will provide a focus for
    convective development, with differential heating and
    terrain-induced vertical circulations likely contributing to
    thunderstorm initiation during the afternoon.

    The thermodynamic environment across the region will be somewhat
    complex. Steeper midlevel lapse rates will generally reside
    northwest of the surface warm sector, closer to the ejecting
    shortwave trough, while the richer low-level moisture will remain
    displaced farther southeast. Additionally, repeated convective
    episodes over the preceding several days have acted to temper lapse
    rates across portions of the warm sector. This, combined with
    potentially extensive cloud cover, should limit the magnitude and
    spatial extent of destabilization.

    That said, surface dewpoints in the middle 50Fs to near 60F should
    support pockets of MLCAPE approaching 1000 J/kg where sufficient
    insolation occurs. This degree of buoyancy may prove sufficient for
    sustained deep convection. Given forecast wind fields across the
    region indicative of deep-layer shear between 35-40 knots, the
    CAPE-shear parameter space will support supercells capable of large
    hail, generally in the 1-1.5 inch range. Additionally, forecast
    hodographs suggest enough low-level curvature to support a tornado
    or two with any sustained, discrete supercell.

    Despite the seemingly favorable ingredients within the large-scale
    environment, the severe weather threat should remain somewhat
    conditional. Questions remains surrounding both the degree and
    spatial extent of instability, and subsequently the spatial overlap
    of favorable thermodynamics and kinematic fields. This uncertainty
    limits confidence in a more substantial severe threat. That said, a
    more focused corridor or two of higher severe potential could become
    apparent later today as mesoscale details and convective evolution
    become better resolved.


    ... Oregon Coast ...

    Isolated thunderstorms may occur near the Oregon coast early on
    Sunday as the cold core of an approaching midlevel trough moves into
    the area. Shallow convective cells may become sufficiently deep to
    produce sporadic lightning.


    ... Southeast Florida ...

    Across southeast Florida, moist northeasterly flow along the western
    periphery of a midlevel low over the Bahamas may support occasional thunderstorms. Weak forecast vertical shear and warm mid-level
    temperatures should limit any organized severe potential.

    ..Marsh/Thornton.. 10/25/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 25 12:20:42 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251220
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251218

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0718 AM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026

    Valid 251300Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN NEW MEXICO INTO FAR WEST
    TEXAS AND THE WESTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated large hail, and a tornado or two will be possible this afternoon/evening across central/eastern New Mexico and Far West
    Texas. Isolated damaging wind gusts will also be possible across Far
    West Texas.

    ...NM/Far West TX...
    A large upper trough remains over AZ, with deep southwesterly flow
    across much of NM and west TX. Water vapor imagery shows a
    shortwave trough moving into northern Mexico, which will move into
    eastern NM by early evening, providing support for a few
    strong/severe storms - mainly over three small areas.

    The first area of concern will be over central NM as a mid-level
    cold pocket interacts with the western edge of residual low-level
    moisture. Forecast soundings in this area appear favorable for hail
    in the strongest cells late this afternoon, although the risk of
    severe hail is less certain.

    Another area of risk is in southeast NM and far west TX where strong
    daytime heating will yield MUCAPE values around 2000 J/kg and
    slightly steeper low-level lapse rates. Any persistent cells in
    this area will pose a risk of hail and gusty winds. Limited
    coverage precludes an upgrade to SLGT at this time.

    And finally, a surface baroclinic zone is expected to lie from
    east-central NM into west TX (roughly east of ABQ to near DHT) early
    this evening. Multiple CAMs suggest a strong cell or two will track
    along this boundary, with supercell structures possible. Steep
    lapse rates and favorable hodographs support a risk of hail and
    perhaps a tornado along this corridor.

    ..Hart/Dean.. 10/25/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 25 16:30:20 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026

    Valid 251630Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NEW MEXICO
    INTO FAR WEST TEXAS AND THE WESTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible today and
    tonight from New Mexico into Far West Texas and the western Texas
    Panhandle. Isolated large hail and damaging wind gusts as well as a
    tornado or two are possible in these areas.

    ...NM into Far West TX...
    Recent satellite imagery shows the persistent western CONUS upper
    cyclone has trended towards a more open wave structure. Mesoanalysis
    places two closed mid-level circulations/cold cores within this
    troughing, one over northeast UT and the other over central AZ.
    Expectation is for this system to further its evolution into an open
    wave as it ejects northeastward across the Four Corners and into the
    central Rockies. Moderate southwesterly flow aloft will persist
    throughout the eastern/southeastern periphery of this wave over NM
    today.

    Showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing within the warm conveyor
    downstream of the cyclone across eastern NM and the TX Panhandle are
    forecast to shift northeastward throughout the day. This activity is
    expected to remain displaced east of the better low-level moisture
    and associated buoyancy. Modest airmass destabilization is
    anticipated farther west across northern/central NM where the
    mid-level cold pocket interacts with the western edge of residual
    low-level moisture. Hail appears likely within any of the deeper and
    more persistent updrafts. However, given the limited buoyancy, this
    hail is expected to remain largely sub severe with only isolated
    instances of hail greater than 1" in diameter.

    More destabilization is anticipated farther south (i.e. from south-central/southeast NM into far west TX). Here, upper 50s
    dewpoints will support afternoon MLCAPE around 1500 J/kg amid about
    30 kt of effective vertical shear. Filtered heating will support
    steeper low-level lapse rates as well. A few strong to severe
    thunderstorms are possible, with large hail and strong gusts as the
    primary threat. Afternoon/evening thunderstorms are also possible
    along a weak baroclinic zone from east-central NM into the
    northwestern TX Panhandle. Buoyancy will be less here than areas
    farther south, but the frontal influence coupled with slightly
    stronger vertical shear could result in a supercell or two. Primary
    hazard with this activity appears to be hail, but a brief tornado is
    also possible.

    Lastly, additional thunderstorms will remain possible throughout the
    evening and overnight across far west TX (and potentially adjacent
    parts of southeast NM) as low-level southeasterly flow strengthens
    tonight. Moderate buoyancy and shear will persist, suggesting hail
    is possible with the strongest storms.

    ..Mosier/Halbert.. 10/25/2026

    $$
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    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Sun Oct 25 19:57:14 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 251956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 251955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026

    Valid 252000Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NEW MEXICO
    INTO FAR WEST TEXAS AND THE WESTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible today and
    tonight from New Mexico into Far West Texas and the western Texas
    Panhandle. Isolated large hail and damaging wind gusts as well as a
    tornado or two are possible in these areas.

    ...20z Update...
    Latest surface observations and objective analysis indicate that
    warming surface temperatures (mid-70s F) amid low-60s F dewpoints
    are supporting greater buoyancy across portions of southeastern New
    Mexico/West Texas. This relatively greater buoyancy (compared to
    areas farther north and west) may support a locally greater severe
    risk across these regions this afternoon/evening given the
    overlapping presence of effective shear of 30-40+ kts. No changes
    were made to the existing outlook with this update as overall
    expectations for the severe risk remain generally unchanged. See the
    discussion below and MCD #2409 for additional short-term details.

    ..Chalmers.. 10/25/2026

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026/

    ...NM into Far West TX...
    Recent satellite imagery shows the persistent western CONUS upper
    cyclone has trended towards a more open wave structure. Mesoanalysis
    places two closed mid-level circulations/cold cores within this
    troughing, one over northeast UT and the other over central AZ.
    Expectation is for this system to further its evolution into an open
    wave as it ejects northeastward across the Four Corners and into the
    central Rockies. Moderate southwesterly flow aloft will persist
    throughout the eastern/southeastern periphery of this wave over NM
    today.

    Showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing within the warm conveyor
    downstream of the cyclone across eastern NM and the TX Panhandle are
    forecast to shift northeastward throughout the day. This activity is
    expected to remain displaced east of the better low-level moisture
    and associated buoyancy. Modest airmass destabilization is
    anticipated farther west across northern/central NM where the
    mid-level cold pocket interacts with the western edge of residual
    low-level moisture. Hail appears likely within any of the deeper and
    more persistent updrafts. However, given the limited buoyancy, this
    hail is expected to remain largely sub severe with only isolated
    instances of hail greater than 1" in diameter.

    More destabilization is anticipated farther south (i.e. from south-central/southeast NM into far west TX). Here, upper 50s
    dewpoints will support afternoon MLCAPE around 1500 J/kg amid about
    30 kt of effective vertical shear. Filtered heating will support
    steeper low-level lapse rates as well. A few strong to severe
    thunderstorms are possible, with large hail and strong gusts as the
    primary threat. Afternoon/evening thunderstorms are also possible
    along a weak baroclinic zone from east-central NM into the
    northwestern TX Panhandle. Buoyancy will be less here than areas
    farther south, but the frontal influence coupled with slightly
    stronger vertical shear could result in a supercell or two. Primary
    hazard with this activity appears to be hail, but a brief tornado is
    also possible.

    Lastly, additional thunderstorms will remain possible throughout the
    evening and overnight across far west TX (and potentially adjacent
    parts of southeast NM) as low-level southeasterly flow strengthens
    tonight. Moderate buoyancy and shear will persist, suggesting hail
    is possible with the strongest storms.

    $$
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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 26 00:46:18 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260045
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260044

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0744 PM CDT Sun Oct 25 2026

    Valid 260100Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN NEW MEXICO AND FAR WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms will remain possible this
    evening and into the night from New Mexico into Far West Texas and
    the western Texas Panhandle. Isolated large hail and damaging wind
    gusts as well as a tornado or two are possible in these areas.

    ... 01Z Update ...

    Isolated strong thunderstorms continue this evening across portions
    of southeast New Mexico into portions of Texas Panhandle.
    Rain-cooled air to the north has reinforced a modest baroclinic zone
    along and south of Santa Rosa to Tucumcari, NM northeast toward
    Guymon. Along and south of this boundary, MUCAPE values have risen
    into in excess of 2000 J/kg, with 35-50 knots of bulk shear analyzed
    within SPC's objective analysis routines. A quick examination of a
    time-lagged HRRR/RRFS ensemble indicates this zone may yet serve as
    a focus for renewed thunderstorm intensity, particularly across New
    Mexico, over the next several hours. As such, an isolated tornado or
    large hail threat will remain with any isolated/discrete
    thunderstorm along and south of this boundary. Additionally, a few
    strong wind gusts and perhaps isolated wind damage will be possible
    with any intense thunderstorm that can develop farther south where
    low-level lapse rates will remain somewhat steeper for a few more
    hours as compared to areas farther north.

    Elsewhere, a couple of lightning strikes will remain possible along
    the Pacific Northwest coast, along the east coast of Florida, and
    the Florida Keys.

    ..Marsh.. 10/26/2026

    $$
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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor @1:2320/107 to All on Mon Oct 26 05:22:16 2026
    ACUS01 KWNS 260522
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 260519

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1219 AM CDT Mon Oct 26 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm are not expected Monday.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad upper troughing will remain in place across the western
    contiguous US today. Within this regime, a shortwave trough over the
    southern and central High Plains will eject northeastward toward the
    upper Mississippi Valley, accompanied by a weak surface low. A
    trailing cold front will extend southwestward from this low across
    the central Plains into the southern High Plains, with a lee trough
    sharpening along its western flank. Farther west, an upper cyclone
    will deepen as it digs southeastward across the northern Great Basin
    and Intermountain West.


    ... Southern High Plains into the Midwest ...

    Surface dewpoints in the mid 50Fs to near 60 F will remain in place
    ahead of the slow-moving baroclinic zone/surface boundary today.
    Diurnal heating of this modestly moist boundary layer will yield
    weak destabilization from southern and eastern New Mexico and Far
    West Texas northeastward into the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles and
    southwest Kansas. Isolated thunderstorms may develop along the front
    and lee trough during the late afternoon and evening, with
    additional development probable farther northeast into the Midwest
    overnight as low-level warm air advection strengthens.

    Buoyancy will be somewhat greater across southern New Mexico and Far
    West Texas, where a few stronger cores could produce hail or gusty
    winds. Even there, modest deep-layer shear and warm/warming midlevel temperatures in the wake of the departing midlevel trough should
    limit updraft intensity and organization. Thus, severe probabilities
    are currently not warranted.


    ... Idaho and surrounding areas ...

    Cooling midlevel temperatures and large-scale ascent accompanying
    the digging upper cyclone will steepen lapse rates across Idaho and
    adjacent areas during the afternoon. Despite limited moisture,
    sufficient buoyancy may materialize to support isolated low-topped thunderstorms during the afternoon and into the evening. Strong flow
    aloft could support locally gusty winds, and hail could accompany
    stronger thunderstorm cores. The cool surface temperatures and
    limited instability should limit any severe threat.

    ..Marsh/Thornton.. 10/26/2026

    $$
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    --- scorpsmtpd
    * Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (1:2320/107)